Nano sensing of captopril, atenolol and sildenafil citrate based on Gemifloxacin/Bergenin coated silver nanoparticles using multivariate method

Abstract

Nano sensing is an advanced analysis approach for drug detection and delivery, rendering simplicity and effectiveness in a wide range of applications. In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were coupled with Gemifloxacin and Bergenin to detect three drugs namely, Captopril, Atenolol, and Sildenafil Citrate. The formation and stability of drug-conjugated nanoparticles were explored under physiological conditions and were evaluated using surface plasmon resonance-based UV–Vis analysis. The as-obtained spectral data was analyzed through Partial Least Square Discriminate Analysis (PLS-DA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) multivariate methods.

The formation of Ag-NP was primarily confirmed through a vivid color observation, which was later tested by UV–Vis Spectrum analysis. Further experiments aimed at optimizing experimental conditions determining the ideal metal/drug ratios for AgNPs-Gemifloxacin and AgNPs-Bergenin conjugates. pH studies revealed the best absorbance was achieved at pH 6–7, while a brine effect investigation indicated that 3 M NaCl was the optimal concentration for absorbance.

Multivariate methods successfully differentiated the drugs with and without nanoparticles, with Gemifloxacin and Bergenin playing crucial roles. Importantly, adding these compounds didn't affect nanoparticle properties but enhanced their drug-detecting capabilities, offering a fast, simple, and effective approach with minimal impact on drug concentration or nanoparticle characteristics. These findings hold promise for drug delivery and biosensing advancements.