ACS Applied Electronic Materials最新文献

{"title":"Thermally Evaporated CsPbBr3 for Green Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes: Challenges and Perspectives","authors":"Anabel Sosa Acosta,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Felipe A. Angel*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0219110.1021/acsaelm.4c02191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02191https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02191","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Semiconductors based on metal halide perovskites have been extensively studied recently due to their potential as materials for optoelectronic applications. In the realm of cesium-based inorganic perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), several aspects are of paramount importance to achieve high photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) of the PeLEDs. The fabrication of CsPbBr₃ via thermal evaporation, employing different ratios and stoichiometries, has demonstrated an efficient PL performance in films at high CsBr concentrations. Interface engineering approaches and defect-passivating additives can promote the growth of uniform and high-quality perovskite films. However, such strategies may lead to device degradation, resulting in low stability. Currently, obtaining defect-free thin films is a crucial prerequisite. From a materials perspective, this critical review article covers the composition of the active layer and its effect on the PL and, from the device, the role of additives in obtaining uniform films, assuring optimal charge transport, and electrical injection to achieve high EL.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 4","pages":"1361–1376 1361–1376"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optically Controlled P–CuxO-Based Artificial Synaptic Device for Neuromorphic Applications","authors":"R. S. Harisankar,&nbsp;Prabana Jetty,&nbsp;Kannan Udaya Mohanan and Suryanarayana Jammalamadaka*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0227510.1021/acsaelm.4c02275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02275https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02275","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Memristor-based optoelectronic artificial synapses have a great potential to enhance the efficiency of future neuromorphic computing. Like neurons of the retina, they have the potential to enable real-time visual preprocessing. This highlights the growing importance of improving optoelectronic artificial synapses for next-generation neuromorphic computing and neuromorphic visual systems. These artificial synapses can enhance neuromorphic visual systems, extending their capabilities beyond visible light. This study introduces a P-type copper oxide-based optical memristor device that exhibits fundamental biosynaptic characteristics like long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), which can be tuned using optical stimuli. These LTP/LTD characteristics were used as weights in a single-layer perceptron neural network to classify the MNIST data set using an off-chip training algorithm. We also demonstrated light-induced short-term plasticity and optical paired-pulse facilitation, which are the two important characteristics of neurons of the human retina that help in image preprocessing. We also implemented Pavlovian conditioning on the device using a combination of electrical and optical stimuli. These results indicate the possibility of using this device as an optically controlled artificial synaptic device for neuromorphic vision sensor applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 4","pages":"1622–1631 1622–1631"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron and Hole Trapping Characteristics of a Low-Temperature Atomic Layer-Deposited HfO2 Charge-Trap Layer for Charge-Trap Flash Memory","authors":"Taeyun Noh,&nbsp;Jimin Han,&nbsp;Boyoung Jeong,&nbsp;Jae-Gwan Park,&nbsp;Kihyeun Kim,&nbsp;Minju Lee,&nbsp;Bio Kim,&nbsp;Hanmei Choi and Tae-Sik Yoon*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0227410.1021/acsaelm.4c02274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02274https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02274","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Scaling down the charge-trap memory cell for high storage density causes severe reliability issues such as the decreased trapped charge density, migration of stored charges to adjacent cells, electrostatic interference between neighboring cells, and gate dielectric breakdown. Therefore, it is highly required to explore the advanced charge-trap layer (CTL) having a high trap density with a deep level for improved performance and reliability. In this study, nonvolatile charge-trap memory characteristics are demonstrated using a low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) of hafnium oxide (HfO₂) CTL and Al₂O₃ tunneling and blocking oxides. The use of a high-<i>k</i> dielectric stack enhances the electric field for efficient and reliable device operations in scaled-down devices. In particular, the low-temperature ALD HfO₂ CTL deposited at 50 °C has a high charge-trap areal density of 9.65 × 10¹² cm^–2, exhibiting a large threshold voltage shift of ∼5 V. The proposed device presents a nonvolatile retention of 81.7% for 10 h thanks to the amorphous phase of the low-temperature HfO₂ CTL, in contrast to a poor retention of 44.8% in the device with the crystalline high-temperature HfO₂ CTL deposited at 200 °C. Furthermore, rapid thermal annealing at 600 °C on the dielectric stack significantly enhances hole trapping in the HfO₂ CTL via creation of acceptor-level traps by interdiffusion between HfO₂ and Al₂O₃, securing the large threshold voltage shift of ∼7.8 V. It paves the way for providing the optimized gate dielectric stack of CTF consisting of Al₂O₃ and defective HfO₂ for improved CTF characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 4","pages":"1632–1644 1632–1644"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication, Characterization, and Clinical Assessment of Ultrathin Skin-Conformable Tattoo Electrodes for ECG Monitoring","authors":"Rutuja Vikhe,&nbsp;Sonal Masure,&nbsp;Mayur Krishna Das,&nbsp;Adesh Mishra,&nbsp;Errappagari Sreehari,&nbsp;Uttam Kulhari,&nbsp;Bidya Dhar Sahu,&nbsp;L. N. Sharma,&nbsp;Sundareswaran Loganathan and Saurabh Kumar*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0226310.1021/acsaelm.4c02263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02263https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02263","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In recent years, there has been a surge in interest surrounding the advancement of gel-free, ultrathin, skin-conformable tattoo electrodes for continuous and extended monitoring of ECG signals. This development aims to mitigate the limitations associated with traditional electrodes. However, all of these results are limited to data from individual subjects. Hence, replicability is reduced by individual variability due to a small sample size, which may lead to inconclusive results. Consequently, the suitability of these outcomes for clinical validation has been inadequately investigated. In this study, an ultrathin, gel-free, skin-conformable PEDOT:PSS-based tattoo electrode was fabricated and characterized. A preclinical skin irritation test of the PEDOT:PSS-based tattoo electrode was performed before clinical assessment. Next, we accessed the performance of these tattoo electrodes involving 34 healthy volunteers and compared the ECG signals acquired from these ultrathin electrodes with those recorded by traditional Ag/AgCl electrodes. The fabricated tattoo electrode is approximately 10 μm thick and has a skin–electrode impedance of 72 KΩ at 50 Hz. The preclinical skin irritation study confirmed that the film of PEDOT:PSS is nontoxic, noncorrosive, and biocompatible with rabbit skin. In healthy volunteers, the data points from the sample population all cluster closely around the bias line, and we observed no significant systematic error associated with the ECG measurement. This PEDOT:PSS-based skin-conformal tattoo electrode retained its characteristics even after continuous wear for up to 24 h during routine activities, and the electrodes remained stable even after 60 days of storage. Altogether, our findings confirmed the suitability of these skin-conformal PEDOT:PSS-based tattoo electrodes for ECG monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 4","pages":"1611–1621 1611–1621"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring AgNWs-rGO/PVDF Advanced Composites for Flexible Strain Sensors in Wearable Electronics with Thermal Management: Balancing Sensitivity and Hysteresis","authors":"Animesh Maji,&nbsp;Chinmoy Kuila,&nbsp;Bholanath Panda,&nbsp;Debasis Dhak,&nbsp;Naresh Chandra Murmu and Tapas Kuila*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0230710.1021/acsaelm.4c02307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02307https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02307","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The rapid advancement of multifunctional wearable strain sensors has substantially increased their potential applications in human–computer interfaces and health monitoring. Strain sensors generally suffer from reliable response and hysteresis, adversely impacting the sensing device’s application. This study demonstrates a “one-pot” synthesis method to converge silver nanowires (AgNWs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets into a dual interconnected framework using the sandwiched assembly technique. AgNWs and rGO have been explored extensively due to their high electrical and thermal conductivity, optical transparency, ease of synthesis, etc. The transversely oriented AgNWs bridge the underlying longitudinal rGO sheets to effectively prevent microcrack propagation, resulting in a gauge factor of ∼11.78 at a 11.33% operating range. The microscopic structure allows the sensor to disperse heat during specific operations, exhibiting thermal conductivity of ∼1 W m^–1 K^–1. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits a highly reproducible response for &gt;4000 cycles with minimal hysteresis (∼5.33%). This might be attributed to the dual-linked conductive network of AgNWs and rGO, which mitigates the microcrack propagation during long cycling. This study is expected to provide research insights into the multifunctional integration of human garments and wearable electronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 4","pages":"1670–1683 1670–1683"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realizing High Stable Lithium Storage by Self-Healing Ga-Based Anode Designs","authors":"Zicong Wang,&nbsp;Xudong Zhao,&nbsp;Xianglong Kong,&nbsp;Hansai Wu,&nbsp;Junming Zhang,&nbsp;Ying Zhao*,&nbsp;Xibang Chen*,&nbsp;Piaoping Yang*,&nbsp;Xiangxi Wang* and Zhiliang Liu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0202510.1021/acsaelm.4c02025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02025https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02025","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are recognized as excellent energy storage devices due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and safety. As a result, they are widely used in portable electronic devices, energy vehicles, and various other fields. However, the traditional graphite anode suffers from a low specific capacity and poor rate performance, making it difficult to meet the increasing demands of LIBs. Although the commercial silicon anode has higher theoretical capacity, it also faces a larger volume expansion problem. In recent years, liquid metal Ga-based materials have emerged as frontier materials in LIBs technology, offering high theoretical capacity, excellent conductivity, and unique “self-healing” properties. This review covers the latest research advancements in Ga-based materials, focusing on their synthesis methods, self-healing characteristics, and structural applications. Furthermore, the lithium storage mechanism and the relationship between the self-repair mechanism and lithium storage performance are thoroughly explored, providing valuable insights for Ga-based materials in LIBs applications. Lastly, several potential challenges and future prospects are highlighted to guide further research and applications of Ga-based materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 4","pages":"1342–1360 1342–1360"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinspired Triboelectric Nanogenerator with High Humidity Resistance through Dual-Sized Morphology Construction","authors":"Jiahui Liang,&nbsp;Jiale Li,&nbsp;Ding Zhao,&nbsp;Run Zhao,&nbsp;Haoye Zhao,&nbsp;Changyong Tian* and Na Sun*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0212410.1021/acsaelm.4c02124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02124https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02124","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) exhibit significant potential for wireless sensor networks and portable power supplies due to their unique ability to convert environmental mechanical energy into electrical energy. Addressing the challenge of reduced TENG output performance in high-humidity environments, this study presents a lotus leaf-inspired poly(dimethylsiloxane) bionic triboelectric layer (PBTL) fabricated using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) molds processed by femtosecond laser and one-step templating. TENGs incorporating PBTLs exhibit significantly enhanced electrical output performance compared to those with flat surfaces by reducing the microstructural diameter, increasing the surface density, and raising the aspect ratio. Among the configurations tested, PBTL1 demonstrates optimal performance, achieving a short-circuit current of 2.15 μA, transferred charges of 15.16 nC, and an open-circuit voltage of 48.62 V─an improvement of 2.14 times over a flat layer. Furthermore, fluorination of the PBTL1 surface results in a superhydrophobic state with a water contact angle of 150.6°, maintaining 80% of its original output performance in a 90% high-humidity environment compared to only 30% for the flat layer. These findings suggest that the proposed methodology offers a straightforward and effective approach to designing high-performance and high-stability TENGs, leveraging the superior properties of micro-nanostructured PBTLs.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 4","pages":"1520–1530 1520–1530"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-Effective Cobalt(II) Acetate as an Efficient and Stable Hole Transport Layer in Inverted Organic Photodetectors","authors":"Jheng-Kun Wu,&nbsp;Ping-Yen Chen,&nbsp;Gajendra Suthar,&nbsp;Yu-Yang Su,&nbsp;Chih-Wei Chu,&nbsp;Fang-Chung Chen and Yi-Ming Chang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0217010.1021/acsaelm.4c02170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02170https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02170","url":null,"abstract":"<p >To address the upcoming large-scale production demands of organic photodetectors (OPDs) and image sensors, there is a growing need to develop interfacial materials that balance cost-effectiveness, performance, and stability. In this work, we systematically investigated the characteristics of a solution-processed cobalt(II) acetate (Co(OAc)₂) hole transport layer (HTL) in the OPDs. The work included a detailed analysis of the suitability in both conventional and inverted device architectures, the choice of the solvent system for the precursor solution, reaction conditions, and thickness optimization. We also evaluated the performance of a Co(OAc)₂ HTL in a top-illuminated device architecture to assess potential applications in image sensors. The results indicated that the device composed of a Co(OAc)₂ HTL exhibited lower noise current compared to the device with vacuum-based MoO₃ HTLs, and the device also demonstrated excellent stability in an unencapsulated condition. Consequently, in a top-illuminated architecture composed of a short-wave infrared (SWIR) photoactive layer, the device using Co(OAc)₂ as the HTL achieved a dark current density of 1.44 × 10^–5 A/cm² and a detectivity of 1.25 × 10⁸ Jones in the SWIR region at 1260 nm, outperforming the MoO₃-based device, which exhibited a dark current density of 2.47 × 10^–5 A/cm² and a detectivity of 4.73 × 10⁷ Jones. This solution-processed HTL meets the industrial demands for performance, stability, and cost efficiency. The Co(OAc)₂ HTL has the potential to become a crucial interfacial technology in OPD development, contributing to advancements in the organic image sensor industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 4","pages":"1579–1589 1579–1589"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Eco-Friendly Solvent-Processable DPP-Based Conjugated Polymers with Siloxane Branched Side Chains: Synthesis, Properties, and Ambipolar Field-Effect Transistor Characteristics","authors":"Shengzhen Liu,&nbsp;Zijin You,&nbsp;Ti Wu*,&nbsp;Yuguang Feng,&nbsp;Jin Cao,&nbsp;Lanlan Hou and Zhaohui Yu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0236410.1021/acsaelm.4c02364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02364https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02364","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The role of side chains in molecular design for polymer semiconductors has received widespread attention, as it has a profound impact on material processing, film quality, and performance of organic optoelectronic devices. With the development of modern organic optoelectronic technology and the demand for industrial production, green processing methods for materials and devices have attracted more attention. Herein, three conjugated polymer semiconductors based on diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and selenophen were designed and synthesized with side chains exhibiting characteristics of double polysiloxane-terminated groups. The corresponding polymers T1-PDPPSi-Se and T3-PDPPSi-Se have branched chain sites at C2 and C4 in the side chains, respectively. The proper design of the double polysiloxane-terminated side chain enabled the copolymers not only to have higher molecular weights but also to exhibit excellent solubility, especially in “green” solvents. Polymer semiconductor films were prepared using low-toxicity non-chlorinated solvents (toluene and hexane), and their organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) were fabricated, exhibiting ambipolar transport behavior. The devices based on polymers T1-PDPPSi-Se, T31-PDPPSi-Se (medium molecular weight), and T32-PDPPSi-Se (high molecular weight) without being processed had the maximum hole/electron mobilities of 2.34 × 10^–2/0.38 × 10^–3, 2.65 × 10^–2/1.6 × 10^–3, and 4.07 × 10^–2/4.7 × 10^–3cm²V^–1s^–1, respectively. Moreover, non-chlorinated reagent-cast films had the same orders of magnitude mobility values as chloroform-cast films, which were important for greener device processing. Thin films of three materials probed by GIWAXS reveal a random lamellar direction and not the π–π direction. This penetrates the reason why its mobility is lower than that of linear siloxane-modified polymers. These results may be used for reference in the molecular design of hybrid side chain-modified semiconducting conjugated polymers.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 4","pages":"1694–1707 1694–1707"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Graphene Foam and PDMS Composites for High-Performance Electrothermal and Photothermal Actuators","authors":"Zhi Yuan,&nbsp;Pei Ding*,&nbsp;Luyang Niu,&nbsp;Zhihuan Wang,&nbsp;Xuan Jia and Jiahao Xu,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0207810.1021/acsaelm.4c02078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02078https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c02078","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Thermal actuators, which use thermal energy as a driving source to realize mechanical energy output, have a broad application prospect in robotics, precision instruments, biotechnology, and other fields. Three-dimensional (3D) graphene foams (GFs) prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) have unique thermally and electrically conductive network/skeleton structures, showing superior performances and greater application potential than two-dimensional (2D) graphene in some fields. The excellent electrothermal and photothermal properties of 3D GFs make them ideal candidates for fabricating high-performance thermal actuators. In this paper, we report for the first time the electrothermal and photothermal actuators based on CVD-prepared 3D GF with a compressed skeleton structure. The proposed bilayer actuator consists of a composite layer of GF and PDMS and a pure PDMS layer (GF@PDMS/PDMS), and the mass fraction of GF in the GF@PDMS composite layer is about 15 wt %. Experiments and finite element simulation confirm the effect of PDMS layer thickness on the actuation effect. The bilayer actuation can produce a bending deformation of nearly 660° in 15 s under 12 V driving voltage and almost 190° in 12 s under 2 W/cm² near-infrared laser irradiation. Interesting applications of this dual-responsive soft actuator, such as bionic octopus soft tentacles, smart curtains, bionic flowers, and liquid tracking robots, are demonstrated. The bionic tentacle can transport objects 4.3 times its weight, and the liquid tracking robot achieves 140°/s rotational motion and 20.3 mm/s linear motion. This work may provide useful insights for developing smart materials based on 3D graphene materials for applications in microactuators, artificial muscles, bionic robots, etc.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 4","pages":"1502–1511 1502–1511"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}