ACS Applied Electronic Materials最新文献

{"title":"Green Durable Biomechanical Sensor Based on a Cation-Enhanced Hydrogel","authors":"YuXiang Qin, ZiCheng Zhou","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c01218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01218","url":null,"abstract":"The multinetwork hydrogel-based biomechanical sensor has attracted considerable attention due to its excellent mechanical properties. However, in most cases, due to the weak binding force of the hydrogel matrix to water and the uneven structure of the sensing layer, it is difficult to prepare pressure (strain) sensors that can quantify stimuli-response and be durable for long periods. Moreover, the preparation of hydrogels often involves the intervention and residue of toxic substances, making them unsuitable for monitoring biomechanical indicators. In this paper, we prepared a flexible, conductive biohydrogel capable of long-term storage using low-cost, biocompatible materials. The hydrogel is composed of lignosulfonate sodium and poly(vinyl alcohol), blended with acrylic acid and enhanced with various cations with different hydration abilities. The pressure sensor based on the as-prepared hydrogel exhibits a high sensitivity of 1.145 kPa^–1 to medium pressure encountered by the human body (i.e., 0.1 to 10 kPa). Due to the high flexibility and toughness of the hydrogel, the corresponding pressure sensor demonstrates 2500 cycles of cycling stability. Also, the strain sensor based on the as-prepared hydrogel shows a wide testing range from 0 to 1100% and quantifies the strain–response physical process based on its mechanical and electrical properties, making it suitable for use. Due to the compressibility, high sensitivity, and long-term stability, the proposed sensors could show great potential in wearable electronic devices for monitoring biological activities.","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the β to γ Phase Transformation Mechanism in Sc- and Al-Alloyed β-Ga2O3 Crystals","authors":"Andrew R. Balog, Channyung Lee, Daniel Duarte-Ruiz, Sai Venkata Gayathri Ayyagari, Jani Jesenovec, Adrian E. Chmielewski, Leixin Miao, Benjamin L. Dutton, John McCloy, Caterina Cocchi, Elif Ertekin, Nasim Alem","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c00762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c00762","url":null,"abstract":"β-Ga₂O₃ is a promising ultrawide bandgap semiconductor for next-generation power electronics, but the unintended formation of γ-Ga₂O₃ in β-Ga₂O₃ crystals has been observed in a variety of situations. Such defective inclusions, resulting from growth kinetics or ion-induced damage, can degrade the material performance and alter the local electronic structure. Previous studies have only examined the presence of γ-Ga₂O₃ in β-Ga₂O₃ thin-film structures. In this work, we observe the ubiquitous formation of a thin γ-Ga₂O₃ layer on the surface of mechanically exfoliated melt grown Al- and Sc-alloyed β-Ga₂O₃ single crystals and characterize the atomic scale structure across the interface using scanning transmission electron microscopy. Direct imaging paired with electron diffraction confirms γ-Ga₂O₃ formation, and orientation relationships are determined across the interface. Electron energy loss spectroscopy identifies the O K-edge spectral fingerprint of γ-Ga₂O₃, while many-body perturbation theory on top of density functional theory explains the shift of the spectral intensity between β- and γ-Ga₂O₃ as an interplay of excitonic and electronic effects. Further first-principles studies evaluate the role of strain on phase stability and identify that at an 8.5% tensile strain, γ-Ga₂O₃ becomes energetically favored over β-Ga₂O₃. Stabilization of the β phase of Ga₂O₃ under compressive stress is further confirmed through electron diffraction studies of the regions surrounding Vickers indentations. Phase stability is also observed to be independent of the alloying element. These findings confirm the capability for γ-Ga₂O₃ to occur under extreme environments while also providing evidence that strain is the underlying driving force causing the phase transformation.","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Beam Epitaxy of Mixed Dimensional InGaSe/GaSe Hybrid Heterostructures on C-Sapphire","authors":"Quynh Trang Tran, Thi Bich Tuyen Huynh, Tu Huynh Pham, Umeshwar Reddy Nallasani, Hong-Jyun Wang, Nhu Quynh Diep, Wu-Ching Chou, Van-Qui Le, Kung-Hwa Wei, Thanh Tra Vu","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c01325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01325","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of InGaSe/2D-GaSe/sapphire hybrid structures has been reported in this study. We explore that MBE of the InGaSe layer on 2D-GaSe/sapphire results in a mixed dimensional alloy, comprising two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal-In_<i>x</i>Ga_1–<i>x</i>Se and three-dimensional (3D) zinc blende (InGa)₂Se₃, in which the 3D one is more favorable. It is also revealed that the surface morphology of the underneath 2D-GaSe layer grown under different modes, i.e., screw-dislocation-driven (SDD-GaSe) and layer-by-layer (LBL-GaSe), significantly governs the epitaxial behavior of the InGaSe top layer. Indeed, in the case of the InGaSe alloy grown on 2D LBL-GaSe, it is more and more preferable to nucleate from the edges of GaSe triangular flakes with increasing deposition temperature, thus promoting lateral growth. On the other hand, the surface morphology of InGaSe alloy on 2D SDD-GaSe appears to have a high density of nanoclusters. Moreover, a structural transition from 2D-to-3D has been recognized from in-situ RHEED observation, in which its on-set point is likely accelerated at lower growth temperatures. The gain from this study benefits our understanding of the mixed dimensional GaSe-based heterostructures by MBE, in terms of exploring semiconductor physics and widening potential applications of group-III metal chalcogenides.","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Durable Biomechanical Sensor Based on a Cation-Enhanced Hydrogel","authors":"YuXiang Qin*,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;ZiCheng Zhou,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0121810.1021/acsaelm.4c01218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01218https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01218","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The multinetwork hydrogel-based biomechanical sensor has attracted considerable attention due to its excellent mechanical properties. However, in most cases, due to the weak binding force of the hydrogel matrix to water and the uneven structure of the sensing layer, it is difficult to prepare pressure (strain) sensors that can quantify stimuli-response and be durable for long periods. Moreover, the preparation of hydrogels often involves the intervention and residue of toxic substances, making them unsuitable for monitoring biomechanical indicators. In this paper, we prepared a flexible, conductive biohydrogel capable of long-term storage using low-cost, biocompatible materials. The hydrogel is composed of lignosulfonate sodium and poly(vinyl alcohol), blended with acrylic acid and enhanced with various cations with different hydration abilities. The pressure sensor based on the as-prepared hydrogel exhibits a high sensitivity of 1.145 kPa^–1 to medium pressure encountered by the human body (i.e., 0.1 to 10 kPa). Due to the high flexibility and toughness of the hydrogel, the corresponding pressure sensor demonstrates 2500 cycles of cycling stability. Also, the strain sensor based on the as-prepared hydrogel shows a wide testing range from 0 to 1100% and quantifies the strain–response physical process based on its mechanical and electrical properties, making it suitable for use. Due to the compressibility, high sensitivity, and long-term stability, the proposed sensors could show great potential in wearable electronic devices for monitoring biological activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142517662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning the Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Rare-Earth Cluster-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks","authors":"Hudson A. Bicalho,&nbsp;Lavinia A. Trifoi,&nbsp;Victor Quezada-Novoa and Ashlee J. Howarth*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0118810.1021/acsaelm.4c01188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01188https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01188","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The design and synthesis of luminescent and photoactive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are of interest from both a fundamental and application standpoint. Luminescent and photoactive MOFs can be designed to have photophysical properties similar to those of other materials, with the added benefit of possessing a large surface area and high porosity. The incorporation of lanthanoids within cluster-based MOF metal nodes coupled with the strategic utilization of conjugated organic linkers allows for the design of materials with unique and highly tunable photophysical and photochemical properties. This Spotlight on Applications highlights our efforts in the development of various luminescent and photochemically active rare-earth (RE) cluster-based MOFs as well as the potential applications of these materials. The interplay between lanthanoid elements and organic linkers in MOFs is crucial toward the design and synthesis of RE-MOFs with tailored photophysical and photochemical properties. The paper focuses on methods for tuning the luminescent properties of RE-MOFs via the antenna effect, resulting in either metal-based, linker-based, or dual metal- and linker-based luminescence. Furthermore, strategies for producing singlet oxygen by the incorporation of photosensitizers in RE-MOFs are discussed. Through this work, we aim to shine light on the diversity of the structure, function, and potential applications of RE-MOFs.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142517790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature Dependence Strategy for Achieving Enhanced Reflow-Capable MRAM with a Multi-Interface Structure","authors":"Yihui Sun*,&nbsp;Fantao Meng and Yaohua Wang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0133710.1021/acsaelm.4c01337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01337https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01337","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In terms of practical applications, a performance bottleneck with spin-transfer-torque magnetic random-access memory (STT-MRAM) devices is evident at varying temperatures, notably with respect to data retention at warm temperatures and endurance under cold conditions. Effective strategies to enhance the STT efficiency should be targeted at broadening the applicable temperature range. In this study, multi-interface structured and optimized materials have been incorporated in the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) free layer to augment perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and mitigate temperature dependence. The thermal stability factor of the MRAM test chip exceeded 40 at 260 °C, which is sufficiently high for 5× solder reflow. Moreover, the endurance was retained for 2 × 10⁷ cycles at room temperature. The enhanced PMA is effective in augmenting the read margin (TMR/Rp_CV), surpassing 30, a value that exceeds the typical sense amplifier (SA) requirement. These findings demonstrate significant potential for multi-interface MTJ and can serve as the basis for establishing an evaluation system for future spintronic chips.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142517743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pd-Doped RuO2: A Promising Electrode Material with Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Characteristics","authors":"Surajit Sardar,&nbsp;Rimjhim Yadav,&nbsp;Jai Dev,&nbsp;Surinder P. Singh* and Pallavi Kushwaha*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0101410.1021/acsaelm.4c01014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01014https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01014","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Supercapacitors have emerged as promising energy storage devices due to their high power density, rapid charging/discharging rates, and long cycle life. Ruthenium dioxide (RuO₂) is a promising material for supercapacitor electrodes due to its excellent electrical conductivity and pseudocapacitive behavior. Here, we synthesize Ru_1–<i>x</i>Pd_<i>x</i>O₂ (<i>x</i> = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.17) by a solid-state route, expecting to alter the electronic structure and specific capacitance with Pd doping. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis suggests that all prepared samples are formed in the desired composition, showing that the crystallite size increases successively with increasing Pd concentration. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements demonstrate that the systematic substitution of 17% Pd in RuO₂ contributes to enhancing specific capacitance by ∼15 times (∼1163 F/g) in comparison to parent RuO₂ (∼79 F/g), indicating its superior charge storage ability. Further, the decay in specific capacitance with increasing scan rate is only 5% (<i>x</i> = 0.17) in comparison to undoped RuO₂, indicating the higher stability of the electrode. The CV of Ru_1–<i>x</i>Pd_<i>x</i>O₂ (<i>x</i> = 0.17) exhibits both Faradaic and capacitive electrochemical processes at the electrode/electrolyte interface, suggesting hybrid battery–supercapacitor characteristics. Ru_1–<i>x</i>Pd_<i>x</i>O₂ (<i>x</i> = 0.17) represents a promising electrode material for hybrid battery–supercapacitors, offering synergistic enhancements in specific capacitance and stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142517789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Nanogenerator Based on a Noncontact Pendulum Structure for Low-Frequency Vibration Monitoring and Energy Harvesting","authors":"Xiangming Gao*,&nbsp;Mingkun Huang*,&nbsp;Yongju Wang and Shijie Zhang,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0122610.1021/acsaelm.4c01226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01226https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01226","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Toward advancing energy sustainability, collecting low-frequency mechanical vibration energy from the environment has become an important research area. This paper introduces the design and implementation of a noncontact pendulum-structured hybrid triboelectric–electromagnetic nanogenerator (NCP-HNG) for monitoring low-frequency vibrations, continuously collecting low-frequency mechanical energy, and converting this energy into electricity. Design of the pendulum structure allows the generator to efficiently capture vibrations under low-frequency conditions, thus improving energy conversion efficiency and enabling more effective environmental energy harvesting. Through optimized design and energy management circuits, the NCP-HNG exhibits efficient charging, continuously collecting energy from low-frequency vibration environments and showing charging of a 100 mAh lithium battery to 3.30 V in just 12 min. The use of noncontact mode significantly reduces material wear, providing the device with a longer life span. Consequently, it offers a reliable self-powered energy solution for wireless sensor networks, health monitoring devices, and infrastructure health monitoring, among other fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142551715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Performance MXene/MnCo2O4 Supercapacitor Device for Powering Small Robotics","authors":"Nanasaheb M. Shinde,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Martin Pumera*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c0120410.1021/acsaelm.4c01204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01204https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01204","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The development of advanced energy storage devices is critical for various applications including robotics and portable electronics. The energy storage field faces significant challenges in designing devices that can operate effectively for extended periods while maintaining exceptional electrochemical performance. Supercapacitors, which bridge the gap between batteries and conventional capacitors, offer a promising solution due to their high power density and rapid charge–discharge capabilities. This study focuses on the fabrication and evaluation of a MXene/MnCo₂O₄ nanocomposite supercapacitor electrode using a simple and cost-effective electrodeposition method on a copper substrate. The MXene/MnCo₂O₄ nanocomposite exhibits superior electrochemical properties, including a specific capacitance of 668 F g^–1, high energy density (35 Wh kg^–1), and excellent cycling stability (94.6% retention over 5000 cycles). The combination of MXene and MnCo₂O₄ enhances the redox activity, electronic conductivity, and structural integrity of the electrode. An asymmetric supercapacitor device, incorporating MXene/MnCo₂O₄ as the positive electrode and Bi₂O₃ as the negative electrode, demonstrates remarkable performance in powering small robotics and small electronics. This work underscores the potential of MXene-based nanocomposites for high-performance supercapacitor applications, paving the way for future advancements in energy storage technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142517742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Nanogenerator Based on a Noncontact Pendulum Structure for Low-Frequency Vibration Monitoring and Energy Harvesting","authors":"Xiangming Gao, Mingkun Huang, Yongju Wang, Shijie Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.4c01226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01226","url":null,"abstract":"Toward advancing energy sustainability, collecting low-frequency mechanical vibration energy from the environment has become an important research area. This paper introduces the design and implementation of a noncontact pendulum-structured hybrid triboelectric–electromagnetic nanogenerator (NCP-HNG) for monitoring low-frequency vibrations, continuously collecting low-frequency mechanical energy, and converting this energy into electricity. Design of the pendulum structure allows the generator to efficiently capture vibrations under low-frequency conditions, thus improving energy conversion efficiency and enabling more effective environmental energy harvesting. Through optimized design and energy management circuits, the NCP-HNG exhibits efficient charging, continuously collecting energy from low-frequency vibration environments and showing charging of a 100 mAh lithium battery to 3.30 V in just 12 min. The use of noncontact mode significantly reduces material wear, providing the device with a longer life span. Consequently, it offers a reliable self-powered energy solution for wireless sensor networks, health monitoring devices, and infrastructure health monitoring, among other fields.","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}