ACS Applied Electronic Materials最新文献

{"title":"Crystal Orientation Effects on the Nanotribological, Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Atomically Flat SrTiO3 Surfaces","authors":"Jong Hun Kim,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hyun Soo Ahn,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hong Yeon Yoon,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hunyoung Cho,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jeong Young Park*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Jong Hoon Jung*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.5c01244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.5c01244","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Research on perovskite oxides offers opportunities to explore diverse scientific phenomena at the nano- and atomic scales, along with their promising technological potential. In particular, strontium titanate (SrTiO₃) has attracted substantial research attention not only as a model system, but also for its ability to provide good interfacial compatibility with other hetero-oxide materials. However, the role of crystal orientation remains relatively unexplored. In this study, three SrTiO₃ single-crystalline substrates with different crystal orientations ((001), (110), and (111)) were investigated. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) revealed that all three surfaces are atomically flat with well-defined terraces, and the measured step heights match the theoretical lattice spacing for each direction. Simultaneously acquired friction measurements unveiled marked variations in friction depending on the crystal orientation. Additional SPM studies on local mechanical properties revealed that the (110) and (111) samples exhibit reduced modulus and increased adhesion, ultimately enhancing energy dissipation and friction. Even after normalizing by modulus-dependent contact area, the pressure–shear relations in (110) and (111) were found to be strongly modulated by surface orientation-dependent structure and chemistry compared with the (001). Furthermore, surface potential mapping showed that the TiO₂-induced work function in (001) is significantly reduced by the presence of SrO in (110) and oxygen-deficient Ti sites in (111). These results provide new insights into the interplay between orientation-dependent intrinsic surface features of SrTiO₃ and offer valuable guidelines for characterizing other metal oxides.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 18","pages":"8466–8475"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dielectric Performance of a Three-Dimensional Self-Healing Anthracene Copolymer Network and Its Application in a Capacitive Tactile Sensor","authors":"Trong Danh Nguyen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;My Thi Ngoc Nguyen,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Jun Seop Lee*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.5c01507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.5c01507","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Capacitive tactile sensors are essential to robotics and human–machine interfaces, for which advanced sensing technologies are in high demand. Although polymeric materials offer high flexibility, their inherently low dielectric permittivities limit their performance. To address this, dynamic covalent bonds have been incorporated into polymer networks to endow them with self-healing properties. While hydrogen bond-based self-healing materials are sensitive to ambient moisture, thermally responsive dynamic covalent bonds require direct contact for efficient heat transfer. Such contact causes practical inconvenience and risks unintended deformation in the surrounding areas. In this study, a three-dimensional copolymer network was constructed by cross-linking poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(ethylene glycol) via reversible anthracene covalent bonds. The resulting polymer network exhibited an optimal dielectric permittivity and desirable mechanical properties. Moreover, anthracene dynamic bonding enables noncontact, light-triggered self-healing in targeted regions using UV irradiation. The tactile sensor, which utilized the proposed polymer material as a dielectric layer, demonstrated good sensitivity of 0.161 kPa^–1 over a wide range from 0.1 to 12.5 kPa^–1 and produced stable signals for up to 10,000 cycles. The device was capable of detecting pressures from human body motion, even after recovering from mechanical damage, owing to its self-healing capability.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 18","pages":"8625–8635"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reservoir Computing Using Series-Parallel-Connected Au Nanogaps and Electromigrated Coulomb Islands","authors":"Keita Sakai,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yudai Tanaka,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Mamiko Yagi,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Mitsuki Ito,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Jun-ichi Shirakashi*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.5c01068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.5c01068","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Reservoir computing necessitates the development of devices exhibiting complex dynamic characteristics to enable efficient hardware implementation. This study introduces a physical reservoir computing (PRC) scheme based on series-parallel-connected Au nanogaps activated through a specialized technique. The method utilizes electromigration, driven by field emission currents across the nanogaps, to modulate the tunnel resistance. The memory capacities of physical reservoirs configured as 2 × 1 and 3 × 2 series-parallel-connected nanogaps were experimentally evaluated by using short-term memory (STM) and parity check (PC) tasks. Unlike single-nanogap systems, these series-parallel configurations do not exhibit a reservoir property region characterized by high STM capacity and low PC capacity. Instead, they demonstrate enhanced memory performance in both STM and PC tasks. Compared with systems based on single Au nanogaps, these configurations significantly improve STM and PC capabilities without increasing the number of virtual nodes, thereby preserving the processing speed inherent to single-nanogap systems. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy revealed structural modifications within the nanogaps after reservoir operation, including the formation of single-electron transistor islands, which may enhance computational capabilities through single-electron tunneling effects. Evidence of Coulomb blockade behavior, observed as a distinct suppression of conductance near zero bias voltage in the drain current–drain voltage characteristics, further supports this enhancement. These results establish series-parallel-connected Au nanogaps as efficient physical reservoirs and present a promising approach for advancing PRC systems based on Au nanogaps subjected to this activation technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 18","pages":"8400–8408"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Channel Thickness and Counterion Composition on the Performance and Stability of Interdigitated Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs) Using Electrochemically Deposited PEDOT","authors":"Junghyun Lee,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yuhang Wu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Quintin Baugh,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Nurdan Cocuk,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Laure V. Kayser,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;David C. Martin*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.5c01214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.5c01214","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) prepared from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) have been widely investigated, typically with films prepared by spin-casting and drying from aqueous commercially available suspensions. Electrochemical deposition of PEDOT makes it possible to more precisely control film thickness and counterion composition. Here, we examined the influence of channel thickness and counterion composition on the properties of OECTs fabricated using electrochemically polymerized PEDOT with p-toluene sulfonate (pTS) and PSS on interdigitated gold electrodes. While PEDOT:PSS films deposited with a particular charge density were somewhat thicker (with more PSS in the film), PEDOT:pTS films showed higher volumetric capacitances consistent with their more rough, irregular surface morphologies. The maximum transconductance (<i>g</i>_m,max) (∼70 mS) and on-current levels barely changed over the examined range of channel thicknesses (100–800 nm) with both counterions. The device stability (current retention in ON/OFF cycling) and transient response times (∼10 ms) were enhanced with larger counterions, thinner channel films (∼100 nm), and lower applied drain voltages (under −0.1 V). These design insights were used to create channel-functionalized OECT-based label-free glucose sensors with high stability. These results demonstrate the ability to optimize and enhance the performance and stability of electrochemically deposited PEDOT-based interdigitated OECT devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 18","pages":"8440–8455"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribovoltaic Energy Harvesting with ZnO Semiconductor–Metal Interfaces: The Role of an Al2O3 Tunnel Barrier Layer","authors":"Peter C. Sherrell*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Kaspars Ma̅lnieks,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Artu̅rs Plu̅dons,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Andrea Merenda,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Alexander Corletto,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Kaiwen Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Amy A. Gelmi,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Dumindu G. Dassanayaka,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;James Bullock,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Holger Fiedler,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Andris Šutka*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.5c01027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.5c01027","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Harvesting low-grade motion to convert to electricity has emerged as a critical technology for powering autonomous electronic devices. In particular, the tribovoltaic effect arising from lateral friction across a semiconductor–metal interface has demonstrated great promise for low power devices, with the phenomenon producing large currents but quite low voltages. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most commonly studied electromechanical materials; however, to date, this semiconductor has been relatively unstudied for tribovoltaic devices. Herein, we demonstrate the fabrication and performance of thin films from ZnO prepared by atomic layer deposition correlated to film thickness and surface coating. The ZnO thin films demonstrate a tribovoltaic current of 0.8 nA in contact with an Au probe, corresponding to a current density of 21 A cm^–2. The mechanism of the tribovoltaic effect in ZnO was probed by the addition of a 2 nm aluminum oxide layer, which blocks hole transport and acts as a tunnel barrier layer, reducing the theoretical amount of charge recombination and limiting induced (hot) electron transfer from metal to ZnO. This work provides a key report in the use of ZnO for the tribovoltaic effect, offering a pathway to engineering multilayered heterostructures for either preventing or enhancing tribovoltaic charging.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 18","pages":"8385–8392"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust Self-Powered UV Detector Based on a h-ZnTiO3:Ta/p-GaN Epitaxial Heterojunction for High-Temperature Application","authors":"Biao Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Ma*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yuankang Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hongyan Zhu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Caina Luan,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jin Ma,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Hongdi Xiao*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.5c00774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.5c00774","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A self-powered photodetector based on a Ta-doped ZnTiO₃/p-GaN single-crystal p–n heterojunction with a cross-finger (CF) structure is fabricated. Compared with the flat-plate structure, the CF-type photodetector presented higher photoresponsivity in a wavelength range of 250–350 nm. At zero bias, the UV photodetector with a CF structure exhibits excellent detection performance, including a high responsivity of 0.73 A/W, a good detectivity of 3.98 × 10¹² Jones, and a fast response time of 42.2/10.2 ms. The band composition and working mechanism of the heterojunction detector are elucidated accordingly. Besides, benefiting from the single-crystal structure, the <i>h</i>-ZnTiO₃:Ta/p-GaN heterojunction self-powered detector maintains robust detection for UV signals at high temperatures. Compared to room temperature, even at 200 °C, the performance of the device only slightly deteriorates, with a responsivity of 0.66 A/W, a detectivity of 2.19 × 10¹² Jones, and a response time of 46.2/11.9 ms. This work provides a good candidate for a stabilized self-powered UV detector applied in high-temperature environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 18","pages":"8348–8356"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal-Evaporated Ag2S Thin-Film for Stacked Photodetectors toward High-Resolution Wavelength Measurement","authors":"Yinyin Song,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zida Zheng,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Dianyi Liu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.5c01663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.5c01663","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Inorganic metal chalcogenides, such as Ag₂S, are well-known for their high absorption coefficient, high carrier concentration, and excellent carrier transport properties. Ag₂S exhibits strong light absorption spanning from ultraviolet (UV) to near infrared (NIR), making it highly promising for photoelectric applications. In this study, Ag₂S thin films with good crystallinity and near-stoichiometric composition were prepared via the thermal evaporation process. These films demonstrated high absorption coefficient, excellent carrier mobility and high carrier concentration. The Ag₂S-based photodetector was prepared and exhibited a broadband photoresponse ranging from 350 to 1200 nm, covering both UV and NIR regions. The semitransparent Ag₂S photodetector was further developed and employed to consrtuct a high-resolution wavelength recognition system. Experimental results revealed an impressive wavelength measurement resolution of 1 nm, highlighting its potential for integration into miniature spectrometers.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 18","pages":"8665–8672"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Plasma Generator Inspired by Maple Samaras that Generates Rotating Arcs via Controllable Airflow","authors":"Miao Tang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jinxin Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Haoran Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jinsui Xu*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Jingfeng Tang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.5c01324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.5c01324","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In high-altitude, due to low-pressure and ultralean fuel mixtures, aeronautical engines often exhibit ignition delays, unstable combustion, and rapid electrode ablation caused by insufficient reaction activity within flames. Although plasma ignition technology relies on special electrical, thermal and chemical effects during the discharge process to promote the physical and chemical reaction process of the fuel, the nonuniform energy density distribution of arcs and their coupling mechanisms with flow fields is still unknown, which hinders technological advancement. Inspired by the spinning and falling characteristics of maple samaras, this study designs a plasma generator that induces rotating arc formation via a controllable airflow, intended for engine ignition, material surface modification, and self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The coupling relationships between the airflow-arc rotation period and arc length were systematically elucidated using FLUENT 3D transient simulations, high-speed imaging, and electrical signal measurements. When the airflow increases, the arc rotation period shortens, the arc length shrinks to the center of the electrode, and the energy density distribution becomes more uniform. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the electrode surface treated with vortex-type plasma reveals that as the airflow increases, the annular ablation zone shifts inward and becomes more uniformly distributed, significantly enhancing electrode lifespan. This technology has been successfully demonstrated and validated for a variety of applications, including micronano fabrication on material surfaces and self-powered energy harvesting systems. The high-energy vortex-type plasma generated by the device was employed to modify the nylon surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the surface roughness increased significantly, with the water contact angle increasing from 68° to 115°, indicating a substantial hydrophobicity improvement. Furthermore, TENG output voltage increased by 2.3 times with good stability. This work provides an innovative solution for aeronautical ignition systems, micronano engineering of material surfaces, and energy harvesting applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 18","pages":"8539–8549"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memristors Based on Metal–Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Mechanism, Categories, and Future","authors":"Dong Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Daigan Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ye Tao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shaojie Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Guokun Ma,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yiheng Rao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Chenyin Feng,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Chunlei Liu*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Houzhao Wan*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Hao Wang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.5c01372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.5c01372","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), as organic–inorganic hybrid materials, possess the advantages of both the flexibility and functional diversity of organic materials and the high stability and mechanical properties of inorganic materials. They have a rich and diverse framework and pore structures that can be designed and tailored, high chemical and thermal stability, and flexibility. MOFs can be widely used in fields such as nonvolatile memory, neural morphology computing, and flexible wearable devices. This Perspective summarizes the research progress of memristive devices using MOF materials as functional layers in recent years. Moreover, it elaborately expounds on the challenges encountered and opportunities presented to them. This review mainly introduces the synthesis methods of MOF materials and the common resistance switching mechanisms of such resistive devices. Based on the classification of metal nodes in MOFs, we discuss the performance, advantages, and potential applications of MOF-based resistive devices and put forward the future development direction of this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 18","pages":"8295–8321"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atomic-Level Insights into Morphotropic Phase Boundary Effects on Mechanoluminescence in Li1–xNaxNbO3:Pr Multi-Piezo Materials","authors":"Kakeru Ninomiya,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Chao-Nan Xu*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Maiko Nishibori*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.5c01268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.5c01268","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Li_1–<i>x</i>Na_<i>x</i>NbO₃:Pr attracts attention as a “multipiezo” material, capable of simultaneously exhibiting mechanoluminescence (ML) and piezoelectricity, enabling multifunctional energy conversion across mechanical, electrical, and optical domains. This multifunctionality holds significant promise for next-generation stress sensors, self-powered devices, and smart optoelectronic systems. Li_1–<i>x</i>Na_<i>x</i>NbO₃:Pr³⁺ is particularly notable for its strong piezoelectric and ML responses in a Pb-free ceramic phase. Alkali niobates, such as LiNbO₃ and NaNbO₃, undergo complex phase transitions linked to NbO₆ octahedral distortion and defect chemistry, influencing their functional properties. However, the atomic-scale mechanisms underlying the ML enhancement near phase boundaries remain poorly understood. This study investigates the origin of the anomalous ML performance enhancement by examining the correlation between the crystal structure, chemical state, and local distortion in the NbO₆ framework using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. A sharp rhombohedral-to-tetragonal phase transition is observed within a narrow Na substitution window (<i>x</i> = 0.88–0.9), accompanied by the emergence of an intermediate phase. This distinct transformation in the NbO₆ polyhedral structure aligns with a pronounced increase in the ML intensity, suggesting a morphotropic phase boundary effect. Concurrently, the oxygen vacancy concentration peaks at <i>x</i> = 0.88 and decreases at <i>x</i> = 0.9, indicating a strong coupling between defect chemistry and structural distortions. These results demonstrate that precise control of the phase boundary composition can effectively modulate the local structural heterogeneity and defect state, offering a rotational pathway for designing high-performance multifunctional materials for energy-harvesting and sensing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":"7 18","pages":"8509–8515"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsaelm.5c01268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}