{"title":"Design of Quantum Circuits for Random Walk Algorithms","authors":"A. Chakrabarti, Chia-Chun Lin, N. Jha","doi":"10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.45","url":null,"abstract":"A quantum algorithm is defined by a sequence of operations that runs on a realistic model of quantum computation. Since the first quantum algorithm proposed by David Deutsch(1985), a large number of impressive quantum algorithms have been developed. Quantum random walks on a graph, which are analogous to classical stochastic walk, form the basis for some of the recent quantum algorithms that promise to significantly outperform existing classical random walk algorithms. Though research has been done on the application of quantum random walk to important computational problems, very little work has been done on its quantum circuit design. There are two types of quantum random walk algorithms: discrete-time and continuous-time. In this paper, we propose quantum circuit designs for both types of random walk algorithms that operate on various graphs. We consider in detail two important problems to which random walk algorithms are applicable: the triangle finding problem and binary welded tree problem. Though there exist a few research works related to quantum circuit design for random walk on graphs, to the best of our knowledge, the circuit designs we present here are first of their kind. We also provide an estimate of the quantum cost of these circuits for several physical machine descriptions (PMDs)of quantum systems, based on the number of quantum operations and execution cycles.","PeriodicalId":398850,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133849319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qing'an Li, Liang Shi, Jianhua Li, C. Xue, Yanxiang He
{"title":"Code Motion for Migration Minimization in STT-RAM Based Hybrid Cache","authors":"Qing'an Li, Liang Shi, Jianhua Li, C. Xue, Yanxiang He","doi":"10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.84","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid caches consisting of both STT-RAM and SRAM have been proposed recently for energy efficiency. To explore the advantages of hybrid cache, most work on hybrid caches employs migration based strategies to dynamically move write-intensive data from STT-RAM to SRAM. Migrations require additional read and write operations for data movement and may lead to significant overheads. To address this issue,this paper proposes a compilation method, Migration-aware Code Motion (MCM), to improve the energy efficiency and performance of STT-RAM based hybrid cache. This method is designed to change the data access patterns in memory blocks such that the migration overhead is reduced without any hardware modification. The experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the number of migrations by 10.6%,reduce the dynamic energy by 6.2%, and reduce the total latency by 5.3% on average.","PeriodicalId":398850,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI","volume":"55 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114003550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design, Synthesis and Test of Reversible Circuits for Emerging Nanotechnologies","authors":"H. Thapliyal, N. Ranganathan","doi":"10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.83","url":null,"abstract":"Reversible circuits can generate unique output vector from each input vector, and vice-versa, that is, there is a one-to-one mapping between the input and the output vectors. The contributions of the dissertation include a novel reversible gate particularly suitable for reversible arithmetic, several designs for reversible arithmetic such as binary and BCD adders, sub tractors and comparators, a set of reversible sequential circuits such as latches, flip-flops, and shift registers. Unlike previous works, the above designs are optimized for multiple parameters such as ancilla and garbage bits, quantum cost and delay. Another important contribution is the application of conservative reversible logic towards online and offline testing of single as well as multiple faults in reversible as well as traditional logic VLSI circuits.","PeriodicalId":398850,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114149883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metamodel-Assisted Fast and Accurate Optimization of an OP-AMP for Biomedical Applications","authors":"Geng Zheng, S. Mohanty, E. Kougianos","doi":"10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.11","url":null,"abstract":"The optimized OP-AMPs resulting out of a traditional flows, although may meet the given specifications after consuming significant design cycle time, do not guarantee an optimal system performance. In this paper, a three-step polynomial metamodel-assisted OP-AMP optimization flow is proposed to address these issues. The flow incorporate polynomial metamodeling, Verilog-AMS integration, and a customized Cuckoo Search optimization. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper for the first time presents such a design flow for state-of-the art OP-AMP optimization. Highly accurate and ultra-fast (~17000× speedup compared to traditional methods) polynomial metamodels are generated to estimate OP-AMP performance. An OP-AMP meta-macro model is constructed and is integrated into a Verilog-AMS module (called Verilog-AMS-POM) to facilitate fast time-domain simulations. The core optimization module is a customized Cuckoo Search algorithm which produces promising optimized results. The OP-AMP power dissipation is reduced from 252.8 μW to 65.5 μW (3.86× improvement).","PeriodicalId":398850,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123049776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Parallel Processor Architecture for Genus 2 Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptosystems","authors":"Yuejian Fang, Zhonghai Wu","doi":"10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.24","url":null,"abstract":"Hyper elliptic curve cryptosystem (HECC) is much more efficient than RSA and elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC) for its shorter key lengths. Hyper elliptic curve cryptosystems can be sped up by parallel execution on hardware accelerators, yet none of previous efforts can sufficiently support parallel processing with reasonable resources. In this paper, we propose a new parallel processor architecture for HECC, which supports sufficient instruction-level parallel processing. In the architecture, Parallel finite field (FF) cores are designed, and each core consists of a control unit, a register file, an ALU and a ROM. Instruction-level parallelism (ILP) with pipeline is achieved in this architecture. The results show that the implementation can achieve much better performance than other hardware implementations done to date.","PeriodicalId":398850,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129614596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reducing Temperature Variation in 3D Integrated Circuits Using Heat Pipes","authors":"Kunal P. Ganeshpure, S. Kundu","doi":"10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.16","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of 3D stacking, thermal hotspots have emerged as a significant concern, due to challenges involved in removing heat from the intervening layers. Use of thermal through silicon vias (TSVs) to transfer heat from one layer to the next has been proposed as a hotspot mitigation technique. However, thermal TSV placement directly at the hotspots, compete with other design objectives due to higher wiring congestion at those sites. This paper presents a novel temperature aware physical design methodology which consists of using auxiliary routing known as Heat Pipes, to transfer heat away from hot regions in 3D integrated circuits. Heat Pipe is dummy routing connecting hot and cold regions in the same or different layers using interconnects and thermal TSVs that are placed opportunistically away from the congested areas. In order to evaluate hotspot temperature reduction due to Heat Pipes, a thermal model to simulate the effect of metal interconnect on heat distribution in 3D integrated circuits has been developed. Results show that the proposed solution using Heat Pipes lead to a reduction of 1 to 2 Kelvin at the hotspots. It is well known that even a small reduction in temperature of hotspots may significantly reduce the need for dynamic thermal management, often leading to large gain in system performance.","PeriodicalId":398850,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117341684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Logic Synthesis on Soft Error Rate of Digital Integrated Circuits","authors":"D. Limbrick","doi":"10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.67","url":null,"abstract":"Reliability-aware synthesis exploits the properties of fault masking to improve the reliability of logic circuits. My dissertation investigates how synthesis constraints can impact the effectiveness of this technique.","PeriodicalId":398850,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133280243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Chipana, E. Chielle, F. Kastensmidt, Jorge Tonfat, R. Reis
{"title":"Soft-Error Probability Due to SET in Clock Tree Networks","authors":"R. Chipana, E. Chielle, F. Kastensmidt, Jorge Tonfat, R. Reis","doi":"10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.39","url":null,"abstract":"Technology scaling in deep-sub micron devices has increased the susceptibility of integrated circuits to radiation. Single event effect (SEE) is one of the major radiation influences that can provoke transient errors in the circuit. SEE can occur even in the clock distribution networks. During the strike of an ionizing particle, charge may be collected on the output node of the clock buffer provoking a clock glitch, clock jitter and skew. As consequence, it is possible to notice errors in circuit functional behavior. This paper investigates the soft-error probability due to SET in clock tree networks proposing a methodology to any ASIC layout circuit. This methodology allows finding 4.6% of registers with high susceptibility in a SRAM arbiter circuit.","PeriodicalId":398850,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122553643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hong Luo, Yu Wang, Yu Cao, Yuan Xie, Yuchun Ma, Huazhong Yang
{"title":"Temporal Performance Degradation under RTN: Evaluation and Mitigation for Nanoscale Circuits","authors":"Hong Luo, Yu Wang, Yu Cao, Yuan Xie, Yuchun Ma, Huazhong Yang","doi":"10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.35","url":null,"abstract":"Random telegraph noise (RTN) is one of the critical reliability concerns in nanoscale circuit design, and it is important to consider the impact of RTN on the circuits' temporal performance. This paper proposes a framework to evaluate the RTN-induced performance degradation and variation of digital circuits, and the evaluation results show that RTN can result in 54.4% degradation and 59.9% variation on the circuit delay at 16nm technology node. Power supply tuning and gate sizing techniques are investigated to demonstrate the impact of such circuit-level techniques on mitigating the RTN effect.","PeriodicalId":398850,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114725391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Shafik, B. Al-Hashimi, J. Mathew, D. Pradhan, S. Mohanty
{"title":"RAEF: A Power Normalized System-Level Reliability Analysis and Estimation Framework","authors":"R. Shafik, B. Al-Hashimi, J. Mathew, D. Pradhan, S. Mohanty","doi":"10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISVLSI.2012.42","url":null,"abstract":"System-level reliability estimation is a crucial aspect in reliable design of embedded systems. Recently reported estimation techniques use separate measurements of power consumption and reliability to demonstrate the trade-offs between them. However, we will argue in this paper that such measurements cannot determine comparative reliability of system components with different power consumptions and hence a composite measurement of reliability and power consumption is required. Underpinning this argument, we propose a SystemC based system-level reliability analysis and estimation framework, RAEF, using a novel composite metric, power normalized reliability (PNR), defined as the ratio of reliability and power consumption. We show that PNR based estimation enables insightful reliability analysis of different system components. We evaluate the effectiveness of such estimation in RAEF using a case study of MPEG-2 decoder with four processing cores considering single-event upset (SEU) based soft error model. Using this setup, we analyze and compare PNR based estimation with existing reliability evaluations at different system hierarchies. Furthermore, we demonstrate the advantages of RAEF in assessing design choices highlighting the impact of voltage scaling and architecture allocation.","PeriodicalId":398850,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126889158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}