Materials & DesignPub Date : 2025-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114754
Md Arifur Rahman Barno , Malkeshkumar Patel , Shubham Umeshkumar Gupta , Sourov Hossain, Sanh Vo Thi, Cho Seung Hee, Joondong Kim
{"title":"Aqua-powered hybrid solar cell using amorphous conformal Ga2O3 thin-film","authors":"Md Arifur Rahman Barno , Malkeshkumar Patel , Shubham Umeshkumar Gupta , Sourov Hossain, Sanh Vo Thi, Cho Seung Hee, Joondong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clean energy generation is a primary demand to neutralise carbon emissions. Photovoltaics are the best candidates for clean energy. Water is a reliable and sufficient resource for future clean energy generation, as it can be used to enhance photovoltaic performance in a hybrid system. This study designs and investigates a novel aqua-voltaic hybrid solar cell by integrating an ultra-thin gallium oxide layer (2.3 nm) with a polycrystalline silicon solar cell under water-based conditions. The amorphous Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layer grown by sputtering enhances optical absorption, reduces surface reflectance in the ultraviolet (UV) region, and serves as a protective barrier against environmental degradation. Photovoltaic characterisations reveal an efficiency enhancement from 19.04 % to 21.56 % in Si solar cell when Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and water are introduced. Under illumination, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) exhibits capacitance and resistance, indicating strong interfacial charge dynamics. These phenomena are attributed to electronic double-layer capacitance, quantum capacitance modulation, and charge redistribution at the Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-water interface. The results illustrate the dual role of water in enhancing charge transport while influencing surface-state interactions, leading to improved solar cell performance. This work provides insights into the interaction of semiconductor-liquid interfaces and offers an efficient hybrid energy harvesting technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114754"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multichannel hollow carbon fiber reinforcement in an epoxy resin matrix for direct ink writing of high-performance composites","authors":"Olivia K. Meyer , Roneisha Haney , Tyler Bauder , Kishor Gupta , Hellen Stephanie , Jefferson Bordeau , Cliff Wood , Keenan Mintz , Satish Kumar , Hilmar Koerner , Harshita Kumari","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon-fiber reinforced polymers are widely used in additive manufacturing for high-performance composites. However, the aerospace and automotive sectors seek lighter materials compatible with practical processing methods. This study introduces hollow carbon fibers (HCFs) with a honeycomb cross-section as lightweight reinforcements in composites, fabricated via direct ink writing. The printability, mechanical performance, and microstructural features of HCF-based composites were systematically evaluated. Rheological testing showed that HCF-based inks exhibit similar pre-printing properties to conventional, densified carbon fiber (DCF) inks. However, mechanical tests revealed superior strength in traditional DCF composites due to differences in fiber morphology, density, and diameter. Microstructural analysis using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and optical microscopy indicated comparable fiber alignment, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed complete epoxy infiltration in HCF channels, evidenced by the pullout of cured epoxy strands. While fiber–matrix interlocking was expected to enhance strength, weak bonding within HCF interiors contributed to reduced mechanical strength. Despite lower strength, HCFs offer advantages for applications prioritizing weight reduction, thermal insulation, or fluid permeability, such as lightweight aerospace and automotive components, thermal management systems, and filtration media. The hollow structure also enables integration with functional materials for smart materials and energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114744"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials & DesignPub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114750
Mahesh Somani , Sumit Ghosh , Juha Uusitalo , Frank Hoffmann , Marta Muratori , Ali Smith , Ahmed W. Abdelghany
{"title":"Static recrystallization characteristics and kinetics of austenitic stainless steels under development for LH2 storage applications","authors":"Mahesh Somani , Sumit Ghosh , Juha Uusitalo , Frank Hoffmann , Marta Muratori , Ali Smith , Ahmed W. Abdelghany","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing high-strength austenitic stainless steel (ASS) grades for lightweight cryogenic storage tanks, particularly for liquefied hydrogen (LH<sub>2</sub>), demands precise microstructure control achievable via optimized thermomechanically controlled processing (TMCP). In recrystallization–controlled regime of TMCP, successive rolling passes facilitate microstructural refinement through dynamic and static restoration mechanisms. This work illustrates static recrystallization (SRX) characteristics and kinetics in three ASS alloys designed by varying N, Mn and Nb contents. Interrupted (double–hit) compression tests were conducted to characterize the flow behaviour and microstructural evolution across different deformation conditions. SRX kinetics were formulated using a fractional–softening framework, where the time to 50 % recrystallization was correlated with strain, strain rate, temperature, and initial grain size. While the exponents of strain (−3.1) and strain rate (−0.3) were consistent across all compositions, the apparent activation energies of SRX varied in the range 251.5–298 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>, with 7 wt% Mn showing a more noticeable effect in comparison with 0.1 wt% Nb. Detailed metallographic analysis confirmed the accuracy of the derived models. Suitable semi-empirical relations were established enabling prediction of statically recrystallised grain size across various processing conditions. These results define the processing windows needed to design TMCP schedules for advanced ASSs for LH<sub>2</sub> and cryogenic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114750"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials & DesignPub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114711
Florian Brumbauer , Norihiko L. Okamoto , Philipp Materna , Glen J. Smales , Tetsu Ichitsubo , Wolfgang Sprengel , Martin Luckabauer
{"title":"Elastic modulus engineering in β-titanium alloys: Tuning the precipitation kinetics using Sn","authors":"Florian Brumbauer , Norihiko L. Okamoto , Philipp Materna , Glen J. Smales , Tetsu Ichitsubo , Wolfgang Sprengel , Martin Luckabauer","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Design strategies for <em>β</em>-Ti alloys either aim at the suppression of the diffusion-assisted, isothermal <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> precipitation or at the controlled transformation of these precipitates into <em>α</em> phase by an <em>ω</em>-assisted route, with the kinetics of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> formation playing an essential role in both cases. Therefore, controlling the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> formation is pivotal in the design of <em>β</em>-Ti alloys with targeted properties. We propose that by controlling the Sn content added to <em>β</em>-Ti alloys a wide range of achievable microstructures for modulus engineering is accessible. Upon Sn addition, we observe an exponentially slowed down <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> formation based on blocking of diffusion pathways for the <em>β</em>-stabiliser atoms without the transformation being thermodynamically inhibited. This suppression of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> formation allows the <em>β</em>-Ti alloys to maintain a lower elastic modulus necessary for biomedical applications. Furthermore, as byproduct, reducing the number density of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> precipitates upon Sn addition also impedes the <em>ω</em>-assisted <em>α</em>-formation, while the Sn-free forms fine, acicular intragranular <em>α</em> plates and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> side-plates with similar morphology after low temperature pre-ageing. These results provide solid evidence for the previously proposed Sn-induced kinetic deceleration and suggest that the mechanical properties can be tailored as required by the application by tuning the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> precipitation kinetics using Sn.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114711"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials & DesignPub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114700
Hajin Kim-Tackowiak, Josephine V. Carstensen
{"title":"Topology optimization of 3D-printed material architectures: Testing toolpath consideration in design","authors":"Hajin Kim-Tackowiak, Josephine V. Carstensen","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Topology Optimization (TO) methods applied to the design of material architectures allow for a wider exploration of the possible design space when compared to common geometry parameter controlled design methods. These optimal designs are often realized using Direct Ink Writing methods which exhibit characteristic features of discrete bead sizes and weak bead bonding. The resultant lack of design fidelity and toolpath dependent anisotropy has been found to negatively impact structural performance if not accounted for in the design. This paper addresses both characteristics in the design process of cellular material architectures by expanding upon the Nozzle Constrained Topology Optimization algorithm and experimentally validating the results against a typical baseline. An experimental method of deriving bond region material properties is detailed. A direct toolpath generation method from topology optimized results is proposed. Comparisons are made with conventional topology optimization design methods and performance is measured both experimentally and numerically against theoretical bounds. At relative densities <span><math><mo>≤</mo><mn>70</mn><mtext>%</mtext></math></span>, designs with nozzle constraints were able to more closely align numerical and experimental results for both performance and design fidelity (measured by relative density). In contrast, conventional topology optimized designs had higher overall performance, but little alignment between intended design and resultant experimental result. Typical designs consistently overdeposited material and inconsistently predicted performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114700"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials & DesignPub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114707
Javier Bas-Bolufer , Pablo Castelló-Pedrero , Cesar García-Gascón , Juan Antonio García-Manrique
{"title":"Study and characterization of recycled ABS-GF in large format additive manufacturing to enhance mechanical properties of printed structures","authors":"Javier Bas-Bolufer , Pablo Castelló-Pedrero , Cesar García-Gascón , Juan Antonio García-Manrique","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large format additive manufacturing (LFAM) has proven its ability to produce high-performance components for competitive markets. By depositing material only where it's needed, it drastically reduces waste material and energy use, obtaining a sustainability advantage that is further enhanced on larger scale. However, a deeper understanding of material recycling is critical to achieving the next milestone in sustainability. In this work, a methodology was proposed that uses both molds and final parts, manufactured in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene reinforced with short glass fibers (ABS-GF), which had reached the end of their useful life to be used as feedstock. It is observed that recycling reduces fiber length by 47.3%, which directly impacts the mechanical properties in the longitudinal printing direction, resulting in around a 9% decrease in maximum tensile stress. However, this reduction falls to 5.1% in the transverse direction to the printing, and in some cases, the recycled material even surpasses the virgin material due to improved interlayer adhesion. An analysis on the adhesion reveals that the shorter monomer chains obtained during recycling allow better interlacing between layers. These results suggest that the reuse of the molds is viable and by adjusting the printing parameters we can obtain properties suitable for demanding applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114707"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials & DesignPub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114692
Shilin Chen , Qingxi Yang , Qingzhou Yu , Genmu Shi , Haotian Yin
{"title":"Forming-induced thickness effects on structural response of arched thin-shell metal alloys","authors":"Shilin Chen , Qingxi Yang , Qingzhou Yu , Genmu Shi , Haotian Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the critical influence of forming-induced thickness variations on arched thin-shell metal components' structural response and rupture behavior, a key challenge in safety-critical applications. An integrated predictive framework combines classical plate theory for initial deformation estimates, explicit dynamic finite element simulations for elastic-plastic analysis, and Kriging-based response surface modeling to map geometric, material, and process parameters to performance metrics. A large-scale simulation campaign across eight isotropic material models and 42,669 configurations identifies the arch rise-to-radius ratio as the dominant factor in post-forming thickness evolution, with non-uniform profiles causing up to <figure><img></figure> deviations in rupture pressures and altering failure modes compared to uniform assumptions. Modal, buckling, and rupture analyses highlight significant impacts on natural frequencies, critical loads, and mechanisms. Experimental validation on 36 Monel Alloy 400 rupture discs achieves high accuracy, with thickness root-mean-square error of <figure><img></figure> (maximum mean absolute percentage error <figure><img></figure>) and rupture pressure errors below <figure><img></figure>, supported by uncertainty analysis (expanded uncertainties <figure><img></figure> at <figure><img></figure> confidence). The generalizable framework, extensible to non-metallic isotropic shells and non-arched geometries, enables enhanced prediction, optimization, and reliability by linking forming outcomes to structural integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114692"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials & DesignPub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114729
Chathushka D. Hettige Dharmasiri , Konstantin L. Firestein , Joseph F.S. Fernando , Xiaodong Wang , Zhenhuan Chen , Dasun P.W. Guruge , Courtney-Elyce Lewis , Dmitri V. Golberg
{"title":"Influence of synthesis routes on oxygen content, crystallography, and thermal stability of Ti3AlC2 MAX phases and resulting MXenes","authors":"Chathushka D. Hettige Dharmasiri , Konstantin L. Firestein , Joseph F.S. Fernando , Xiaodong Wang , Zhenhuan Chen , Dasun P.W. Guruge , Courtney-Elyce Lewis , Dmitri V. Golberg","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current MXene research focuses on synthesising high-quality MAX phases with minimal O substitution in the C sublattice. This study provides insights into how different ball milling techniques and elemental compositions used in Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub> MAX phase synthesis affect the O incorporation into the lattice structure, which directly impacts the MAX phases’ and the resulting MXenes’ thermal stability. The unit cell lattice parameters (LPs) of a MAX phase are well-established indicators in determining the degree of O substitution. The presence of O reduced the <em>a</em> and <em>c</em> LPs of the MAX phase unit cell. However, the corresponding MXenes exhibited similar <em>a</em> LP (<em>a</em> = 3.05 Å) values regardless of the LP values of their MAX phases. The LP observations are validated by correlative thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) carried out in air atmosphere. With the decreasing O incorporation in the MAX phase, an increase in the oxidation temperature was observed from 450 °C to 780 °C. However, the corresponding MXenes showed an average oxidation onset around 460 °C. Thus, this study reveals an important structure–property relationship between the Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub> MAX phase and the resulting Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXenes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114729"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials & DesignPub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114734
Qidong Ren , Tianxin Li , Hengke Xie , Yuhao Jia , Mingpan Wan , Chaowen Huang , Chaoyi Chen , Junqi Li , Yiping Lu
{"title":"Achieving synergistic strength-ductility enhancement in a hierarchical hetero-lamellar AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy via facile hot-rolling strategy","authors":"Qidong Ren , Tianxin Li , Hengke Xie , Yuhao Jia , Mingpan Wan , Chaowen Huang , Chaoyi Chen , Junqi Li , Yiping Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs) have attracted considerable interest due to their superior multifunctional performance. However, the inherent tendency of stress concentration at irregular phase boundaries frequently leads to premature fracture. This study presents a facile hot-rolling strategy to achieve synergistic strength-ductility enhancement in AlCoCrFeNi<sub>2.1</sub> EHEA via constructing a hierarchical hetero-lamellar structure (HHLS). Through controlled per-pass rolling reduction (PPRD), we induce strain-partitioning-mediated microstructural refinement in the hot-rolled EHEA and activate synergistic deformation mechanisms including stacking faults, Lomer-Cottrell locks, and deformation twinning. The resultant HHLS (aligned FCC/B2 lamellae, partially recrystallized FCC regions, and intragranular B2 precipitates) triggers pronounced hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) strengthening. Consequently, the EHEA with HHLS exhibits exceptional properties: yield strength of 1202 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 1489 MPa, and uniform elongation of 11.5 %, which are 112 %, 45 %, and 6 % higher than those of the as-cast alloy, respectively. The superior properties originate from HDI effect and FCC phase-mediated deformation mechanisms, which enable the EHEA to maintain exceptional work-hardening rate despite high dislocation density, effectively delaying plastic instability. These findings not only establish a readily implementable thermomechanical processing strategy for EHEAs, but also provide a novel paradigm for improving mechanical properties, paving the way for their application in high-performance structural materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114734"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials & DesignPub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114677
Brianna MacNider , Ian Frankel , Kai Qian , Alan Pozos , Luz Estrella Aketzali Santos-Salazar , H. Alicia Kim , Nicholas Boechler
{"title":"Inverse design of two-dimensional architected materials with desired uniaxial polynomial nonlinear constitutive responses aided by stiffness normalization","authors":"Brianna MacNider , Ian Frankel , Kai Qian , Alan Pozos , Luz Estrella Aketzali Santos-Salazar , H. Alicia Kim , Nicholas Boechler","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of specified nonlinear mechanical responses into a structure or material is a highly sought after capability, with significant potential impacts in areas such as wave tailoring in metamaterials, impact mitigation, soft robotics, and biomedicine. Here, we present a topology optimization approach to design two-dimensional structures for desired uniaxial polynomial nonlinear behavior, wherein we formulate the objective function to match nonlinear coefficient ratios, such that the linear stiffness is decoupled from the desired nonlinearity of the response. We suggest that such linear stiffness decoupling can help aid convergence for problems with fixed, but poorly matched, constituent materials and design volumes. This benefit can be understood by considering, if large absolute force values and stiffnesses are targeted, thicker structures with less open space generally result. Such high volume ratio structures reduce the kinematic freedom (available to, <em>e.g.</em>, long thin structures) which is needed for strong geometrically nonlinear responses. We show designs achieved using this approach that match a range of qualitatively different polynomial behaviors with high precision, which are of interest, in particular, within the domain of dynamical systems where nonlinear elasticity of relatively simple polynomial forms can confer greater analytical tractability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114677"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}