Materials & Design最新文献

{"title":"On the mechanisms controlling grain boundary cracking in Ni-based superalloy René 41 with boron and carbon additions","authors":"F. Theska ,&nbsp;S.R. Street ,&nbsp;M. Lison-Pick ,&nbsp;M.J. Paul ,&nbsp;B. Gludovatz ,&nbsp;S. Primig","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cast &amp; wrought Ni-based superalloys with the highest alloying contents are designed to endure the harshest environments in gas turbine engines. Their high-temperature properties are unlocked by complex microstructures of a γ-matrix, γ’ precipitates, and various grain boundary (GB) (co–)precipitates, typically GB-γ’, carbides, and/or borides. However, their applications are often limited by GB cracking. Micro-alloying additions of B and C are added to improve GB cohesion but may further promote M₆C, M₂₃C₆, and M₂B precipitation in addition to GB-γ’. Three mechanisms known to control GB cracking are mesoscale strains and stresses, the nanoscale structure, and the nanoscale chemical environment of such GB microstructures, but systematic studies are unavailable.</div><div>We aim to advance the limited understanding of the onset of GB cracking in the Ni-based superalloy René 41 by investigating these three mechanisms for GB cracking. In-situ tensile testing reveals a sequence of slip band formation, interface decohesion and the onset of GB cracking. Crystal plasticity finite element modeling shows no direct correlation between equivalent strains and stresses and GB cracking susceptibility. No local nanoscale phase transformations and/or formation of defect structures are detected across interfaces between the γ-matrix and GB-M₂B, M₆C, or M₂₃C₆. Atom probe microscopy reveals a correlation between low interfacial excess of B and Mo and severe decohesion at γ-matrix / GB-M₂B interfaces. In contrast, GB microstructures with GB-γ’ encapsulating GB-M₂B preserve a high interfacial excess of B and, thus, GB cohesion. A microstructural model summarizes the GB microstructure – property relationship applicable to various similar Ni-based superalloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 114283"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving high strength and good laser welding performance by adding Sc to T8-aged Al-Cu-Li alloys with different Cu/Li ratios","authors":"Changlin Li ,&nbsp;Xiwu Li ,&nbsp;Yongan Zhang ,&nbsp;Kai Wen ,&nbsp;Lizhen Yan ,&nbsp;Ying Li ,&nbsp;Yanan Li ,&nbsp;Mingyang Yu ,&nbsp;Guanjun Gao ,&nbsp;Hongwei Yan ,&nbsp;Zhihui Li ,&nbsp;Baiqing Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the effects of Sc addition and variations in the Cu/Li ratio on the microstructure, precipitation behavior, laser welding performance, and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Li alloys were systematically investigated. The results show that the addition of Sc refines as-cast grains, transforming coarse columnar grains into fine equiaxed grains. In high Cu/Li ratio alloys, the addition of Sc leads to the formation of the W (AlCuSc) phase. Reducing the Cu/Li ratio alters the solidification sequence, favoring early precipitation of the Al₂CuLi phase and inhibiting W phase formation. The addition of the Sc significantly increases the elongation, while the introduced W phase does not cause a significant decrease in the strength of the T8-aged alloy. A lower Cu/Li ratio reduces the T₁ phase volume fraction, but the high density of δ′/GPI/δ′ composite phases compensates for the strength loss from T₁ phase. The addition of the Sc element significantly refines the grain size of the welded joints and suppresses solidification and liquation cracks. Simultaneously, a large number of Al₃(Sc, Zr) particles precipitate in the HAZ, enhancing the strength of the joints and reducing softening in this zone. The medium Cu/Li ratio alloy exhibits excellent overall mechanical properties and welding performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 114285"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain cooperative deformation of heterogeneous low-carbon steel: Strengthening achieved through low deformation and rapid low-temperature annealing","authors":"Jiazheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Shengen Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Fenghua Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A heterostructure engineering strategy based on microstructural regulation was designed to address the common challenge of balancing strength and plasticity in conventional low-alloy carbon steels. By constructing a multimodal heterostructure composed of recovered, deformed, and recrystallized grains, utilizing their synergistic deformation effects to overcome the inverse strength-ductility relationship. The results indicate that Q215 steel exhibits a typical dual-mode heterostructure after 30 % cold rolling and rapid annealing at 640 °C, resulting in a yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation of 527 MPa, 563 MPa, and 14.2 %, respectively. This structure achieves superior mechanical properties through a specific strain allocation mechanism: low-defect-density recovered grains dominate initial plastic deformation, while high-hardness deformed grains participate in strain coordination and dislocation accumulation as strain increases. This material maintains low production costs while approaching the performance of advanced high-strength steel. The study also reveals differential effects of heterostructure components on crack propagation: fine recrystallized grains accelerate crack propagation due to disrupted grain boundary continuity, and deformed grains can hinder the propagation of cracks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 114270"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular Automaton simulation of grain and sub-grain evolution with eutectic growth in laser scanned and rescanned Al–10Si, with experimental validation","authors":"Kai Kang ,&nbsp;Lang Yuan ,&nbsp;Can Sun ,&nbsp;Javier Miranda ,&nbsp;André B. Phillion","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a three-dimensional Cellular Automaton (3D CA) model incorporating eutectic growth mechanisms to simulate grain and sub-grain structure evolution in an additive manufacturing (AM) scenario, with surface laser rescanning of Al–10Si alloy as a case study. Unlike conventional CA models in AM, this work introduces a eutectic solidification framework within the CA approach, allowing dynamical transitions between dendritic and eutectic growth modes based on local thermal and solute conditions. The CA model integrates finite element analysis (FEA)-derived thermal data, solute redistribution tracking, nucleation behaviors, and growth kinetics under rapid solidification conditions in laser scanning and rescanning. The simulation results predict key microstructural phenomena, including dendritic-to-eutectic transitions, grain refinement resulting from laser rescanning, and the formation of submicron-scale eutectic cellular structures. These findings have been rigorously validated against specimens fabricated via laser scanning AM. Overall, the developed CA model provides a robust predictive tool for understanding and optimizing microstructural evolution in AM processes, offering valuable insights for tailoring processing parameters and alloy compositions to achieve desirable mechanical properties in Al–10Si and other alloy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 114244"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear mechanical response of lightweight non-self-similar hierarchical metamaterials subjected to quasi-static and dynamic loadings","authors":"Yao Tan ,&nbsp;Chenyang Jiang ,&nbsp;Minghao Li ,&nbsp;Yuliang Lin ,&nbsp;Guoliang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiangcheng Li ,&nbsp;Yuwu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light-weight hierarchical honeycomb is a sort of high-potential multifunctional micro topology structure in aviation and automotive industries attributed to its excellent impact resistance and specific strength/stiffness. The present research investigates a new non-self-similar hierarchical topology (NSSHT) with coupled bending-stretching, and gives an insight into the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical responses. Results demonstrate the numerically predicted mechanical behaviors are consistent with the experiments. The stress at the junctions between first-order and second-order unit cell is higher than those at the other locations before stress enhancement stage, and these positions achieve yield stress first. The NSSHT exhibits NPR behavior ascribed to the lateral shrinking of unit cells before stress enhancement stage, whereas presents a PPR (positive Poisson’s ratio) behavior afterwards. The NSSHT is compressed layer by layer during dynamic impact, the propagation speed of stress wave is about 2679 m/s in NSSHT. As <em>γ</em> or <em>η</em> increases, the failure of NSSHT is progressively transformed from elastic-plastic bending to fracture of cell walls. The specific peak/plateau stress and SEA of NSSHT under dynamic loading are significantly improved compared with the quasi-static, and they are all enhanced with the rise in relative density.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 114274"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven design of high-entropy silicate ceramics with low thermal conductivity","authors":"Yidan Wang ,&nbsp;Dongrui Liu ,&nbsp;Zhen Li ,&nbsp;Jian He ,&nbsp;Lei Zheng ,&nbsp;Peng Kang ,&nbsp;Hongbo Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy rare earth silicate ceramics represent promising candidates for environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) due to their low thermal conductivity, compatible coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE), and high-temperature stability. In this study, we present a data-driven approach that integrates machine learning and experimental validation to efficiently screen and design high-entropy rare earth pyrosilicate ceramics with low thermal conductivity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and K-means clustering were applied to the sample dataset to predict the rare earth element compositions associated with low thermal conductivity in high-entropy rare earth silicate ceramics.</div><div>Five HECs were successfully synthesized through screening, exhibiting minimum thermal conductivities ranging from 0.93 to 1.22 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹, and average coefficients of thermal expansion between 3.14 ∼ 3.84 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ over the temperature range from room temperature to 1500 °C. This validates the reliability of our machine learning predictions. The optimized material ((Yb_0.2Y_0.2Er_0.2Lu_0.2Dy_0.2)₂Si₂O₇ (Abbr. YbYErLuDy)) was selected for evaluating coating application performance. Si/HEC coatings were fabricated using atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), and high-temperature stability and thermal conductivity were systematically evaluated. The successful implementation of this data-driven approach demonstrates its potential in accelerating the design and development of novel EBCs materials with targeted performance attributes, thus offering new avenues for advancing high-performance ceramic coatings across various applications.</div><div>Through this screening process, we successfully identified and synthesized five rare earth silicate materials. Experimental measurements indicate that these materials have the thermal conductivity minimum range from 0.93 to 1.22 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹, with an average coefficient of thermal expansion between room temperature and 1500 °C measured at (3.14 ∼ 3.84 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹). This validates the reliability of our machine learning predictions. The optimized material ((Yb_0.2Y_0.2Er_0.2Lu_0.2Dy_0.2)₂Si₂O₇ (referred to as YbYErLuDy)) was selected for evaluating coating application performance, with samples prepared using Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) technology, while investigating the high-temperature stability of HECs/Si composite coatings and assessing the differences in thermal conductivity between the (YbYErLuDy) coating and substrate materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 114277"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zn-doped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles–LCysteine functionalized@N-doped graphene quantum dots as multifunctional contrast agents for dual-model imaging (MRI & FI)","authors":"Ali Moeini ,&nbsp;Abbas Ghiasi ,&nbsp;Masoud Dehghani Mohammad Abadi ,&nbsp;Adrine Malek Khachatourian ,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Madaah Hosseini ,&nbsp;Mahrooz Malek","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, multimodal bioimaging approaches have gained more attention for numerous biological applications. In this regard, the combination of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with quantum dots (QDs) seems promising for enhancing imaging sensitivity and specificity, as well as enabling the multiplexing of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence imaging (FI). In this research, Zn-doped SPIONs-L_Cystein_e@N-doped graphene QD nanohybrids were designed<!--> <!-->for dual MRI / FI. L_Cysteine-functionalized core-shell magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and conjugated to hydrothermally produced N-GQDs. Nanocomposites’ structural and microstructural properties were characterized utilizing numerous methods. Photoluminescence and UV–visible spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and MRI relaxometry were used to evaluate the optical and magnetic properties of the nanocomposite. Finally, the MTT assay determined the nanocomposites’ biocompatibility. The results indicate that the nanocomposite exhibits strong emission at 385, 455, and 510 nm when excited with a 300 nm wavelength and has superparamagnetic properties at room temperature (M_s = 35.30 emu/g). The r₂ value of the nanocomposite was 13.1 (mmol/l)⁻¹.s⁻¹. Biocompatibility assay indicates that 100 µg/mL is the safest quantity for biomedical in vitro applications (73.47 % viability after 72 h incubation). Thus, the resultant nanocomposite is a promising contrast agent with suitable magnetic and optical properties for multimodal imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 114269"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of thermoresponsive biopolymers-based composite bioinks for cartilage engineering","authors":"Yawei Gu ,&nbsp;Gangyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Sébastien Pigeot ,&nbsp;Yi Qian ,&nbsp;Tobias Butelmann ,&nbsp;Ivan Martin ,&nbsp;Andrea Barbero ,&nbsp;V. Prasad Shastri","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the low regenerative capacity of damaged cartilage, strategies to promote cartilage repair remain an evolving but unmet clinical need. 3D bioprinting (3DBP) offers a way to refine the principles of tissue engineering and generate bespoke cell-laden constructs better aligned with the biological aspects of the cartilage trauma and the anatomical site. Therefore, bioinks that possess attributes for extrusion-printing and support the cartilage matrix deposition are essential. In this study, bioinks comprising a double network of thermogelling biopolymers, namely carboxylated agarose and gelatin, were developed and characterized extensively for their rheological properties and printability. Formulations that combine printability and printed object stability were identified using an optimization strategy, and their ability to support extraceluular matrix (ECM) production in human nasal chondrocytes (hNCs) was investigated. In general, printed constructs with lower solid content favored ECM deposition, and the incorporation of gelatin improved hNCs distribution, homogeneity of type-II collagen expression, and biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans. These findings offer valuable insights into the development of bioinks that can be translated into practical applications for cartilage engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 114261"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover_255","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0264-1275(25)00685-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0264-1275(25)00685-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114265"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the interface fracture mechanism dominated by intermetallic compounds during tensile deformation of copper/aluminum composite thin strips","authors":"Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Lingjian Meng ,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Ma ,&nbsp;Zhengyi Jiang ,&nbsp;Jingwei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, the complex failure mechanism dominated by intermetallic compounds (IMCs) of copper/aluminum (Cu/Al) composite thin strips (CTSs) during tensile deformation was studied. A series of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) tests were employed to analyze the interfacial morphology, crack formation, and microstructural evolution of Cu/Al CTSs during the tensile process. After annealing at 450 °C for 1 h, the IMCs layer reached a total thickness of 18 μm, comprising three sublayers: <em>θ</em> (CuAl₂), <em>η₂</em> (CuAl), and <em>γ₁</em> (Cu₉Al₄). The results of uniaxial and in-situ SEM tensile tests revealed that the initial cracks during the low strain stage occur at the Al/CuAl₂ interface (IMCs cracks and Al cracks), with IMCs cracks originating in the CuAl₂ layer and extending into CuAl and Cu₉Al₄ layers. The fluctuating increase in tensile stress can be attributed to the emergence of IMCs cracks, which leads to instantaneous stress reductions, followed by local dislocation strengthening due to the widening of IMCs cracks. In addition, local stress concentrations induced by widening IMCs cracks lead to grain orientation rotation, activating additional slip systems and transitioning from hard to soft orientations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 114264"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}