Materials & Design最新文献

Unveiling microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of silicide-strengthened (TiZrHfNb)100-xSix (x = 0, 1, 5, 7, 10 and 15) refractory high-entropy alloys 揭示了硅化物强化（TiZrHfNb）100- x6 （x = 0、1、5、7、10和15）难熔高熵合金的显微组织演变和力学性能

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114825

Xiaolei Han , Binbin Liu , Shuyi Xie , Cong Zhang , Li Huang , Wei Liu , Huaping Xiong , Feng Ye

{"title":"Unveiling microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of silicide-strengthened (TiZrHfNb)100-xSix (x = 0, 1, 5, 7, 10 and 15) refractory high-entropy alloys","authors":"Xiaolei Han , Binbin Liu , Shuyi Xie , Cong Zhang , Li Huang , Wei Liu , Huaping Xiong , Feng Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ductile TiZrHfNb refractory high-entropy alloy is selected to form silicide-strengthened (TiZrHfNb)<sub>100-x</sub>Si<sub>x</sub> (x = 0, 1, 5, 7, 10 and 15, in at. %) alloys, and the influence of Si content on the microstructure and mechanical properties was systematically investigated. The solidification microstructure and the type of silicide show strong dependence on Si content from 1 % to 15 %, with the former changing from hypoeutectic to hypereutectic structure, and the latter evolving from M<sub>3</sub>Si-type to tetragonal-M<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>-type silicide, and finally to the co-existence of both tetragonal- and hexagonal- M<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>-type silicide. The formation of silicide phase enhances the strength both at the ambient and elevated temperatures, and a significant improvement of peak compressive strength from 221.3 MPa to 511.59 MPa at 800℃ was obtained after alloying 15 % Si to the prototype TiZrHfNb alloy. It was found that heterodeformation-induced strengthening, resulting from dislocation pile-ups at phase boundaries, was responsible for the enhancement in the strength. During hot deformation, the flow stress begins to decrease after reaching the peak value due to the presence of the dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization, which becomes more pronounced at higher Si content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114825"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexible thermoelectric energy harvesting devices via aerosol jet printed bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanowires and intense pulsed light sintering 气溶胶喷射印刷碲化铋纳米线和强脉冲光烧结柔性热电能量收集装置

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114828

Guo Liang Goh , Haisheng Li , Xiang Yun Debbie Soo , Guanbo Chen , Seng Ann Sia , Samantha Faye Duran Solco , Dorsasadat Safanama , Samuel Lee , Yefei Li , Danwei Zhang , Wai Yee Yeong

{"title":"Flexible thermoelectric energy harvesting devices via aerosol jet printed bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanowires and intense pulsed light sintering","authors":"Guo Liang Goh , Haisheng Li , Xiang Yun Debbie Soo , Guanbo Chen , Seng Ann Sia , Samantha Faye Duran Solco , Dorsasadat Safanama , Samuel Lee , Yefei Li , Danwei Zhang , Wai Yee Yeong","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible thermoelectric devices offer great promise in converting waste energy into electrical energy for wearable electronics, soft robotics, and bendable sensor systems. In this work, we report the scalable fabrication of flexible thermoelectric films by aerosol jet printing of Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>-based nanowires onto a PLA nanofiber-based substrate, followed by optimized intense pulsed light (IPL) sintering. We optimized atomizer, ink, and sheath flows, as well as print speed, to ensure uniform and precise pattern deposition. Optical and SEM analyses revealed that the as-printed films form an intertwined, agglomerated network. This network is distinct from the aligned nanowires observed in drop-cast samples. The difference likely arises from the high shear forces and rapid solvent evaporation inherent to the aerosol jet process. Subsequent IPL sintering, performed at an optimized sintering distance and number of pulses, effectively densified the films without damaging the underlying PLA nanofiber on the substrate. These enhancements in film morphology and densification are crucial for minimizing interparticle resistance and promoting efficient carrier transport, ultimately boosting the thermoelectric performance. This study demonstrates a promising approach for the fabrication of high-resolution, flexible thermoelectric devices suitable for powering next-generation flexible Internet of things (IoT) devices by tapping on waste heat energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114828"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation on indentation scaling relationships of ITO thin films considering the indenter tip rounding defect 考虑压头尖端圆弧缺陷的ITO薄膜压痕结垢关系研究

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114818

Zhaoxin Wang , Lijia Li , Zongyang Zhang , Wei Ji , Ming Li , Xiangyu Zong , Cong Li , Han Wang , Jibing Wang

{"title":"Investigation on indentation scaling relationships of ITO thin films considering the indenter tip rounding defect","authors":"Zhaoxin Wang , Lijia Li , Zongyang Zhang , Wei Ji , Ming Li , Xiangyu Zong , Cong Li , Han Wang , Jibing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve the applications of indium tin oxide (ITO) films, higher measurement requirements are implemented due to the significant effects of more complicated stress states and limitations of testing conditions on the mechanical properties. In this work, the effect of the tip bluntness on indentation responses and scaling relationships for film/substrate composite systems is investigated via finite-element (FE) simulations and dimensional analysis. A novel indentation method is proposed to measure the intrinsic elastic modulus of thin films based on the scaling relationship among the curvature of the loading segment in <em>P</em>-<em>h</em> curves and material properties. FE simulations indicate the significant effect of tip bluntness on indentation responses. However, the curvature is essentially independent of the dimensionless parameter of <em>h</em><sub>m</sub>/<em>t</em>. Furthermore, the tilt effect during the direct calibration procedure is corrected through spatial mapping transformation of atomic force microscopy data. Herein, the measured tip rounding radius fitted by 2D profile and 3D topography are 70 ± 4.8 nm and ∼72.83 nm, respectively. The indentation data acquired with the actual Berkovich indenter are used to verify the scaling relationships. The elastic modulus of ITO films is calculated as ∼135.26 GPa, and the measured error is only ∼3.59 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114818"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microstructure evolution and the corresponding mechanical properties of Fe-Mn-Al-C-Nb low-density steel under aging treatment 时效处理下Fe-Mn-Al-C-Nb低密度钢的组织演变及力学性能

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114817

Litu Huo , Tao Ma , Weimin Gao , Yungang Li , Jianxin Gao

{"title":"Microstructure evolution and the corresponding mechanical properties of Fe-Mn-Al-C-Nb low-density steel under aging treatment","authors":"Litu Huo , Tao Ma , Weimin Gao , Yungang Li , Jianxin Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To develop high-strength, low-density steels applicable for automotive field, the study systematically investigated Fe-28Mn-10Al-C-0.5Nb steel after aging at 450 °C-550 °C in terms of its microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and deformation and strengthening mechanisms. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) method served for examining the austenite grain morphology and the orientation of annealing twins at different aging temperatures. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) served for elucidating the precipitation behavior and spatial distribution of NbC, κ-carbides, and other secondary phases. Furthermore, the deformation mechanisms under different tensile strains were explored using TEM and EBSD, with particular attention to the evolution of dislocations and other substructures in the deformed specimens. Quantitative evaluation was conducted on the yield strength variation under varying strengthening mechanisms through theoretical modeling. According to relevant results, with rising aging temperature, the finely dispersed spherical κ-carbides gradually transform into a uniformly distributed rectangular morphology. The strength and toughness of the experimental steel both increase with aging temperature, and the steel aged at 500 °C exhibits an outstanding overall property, with a tensile strength of 1199 MPa and an elongation of 37 %. Planar dislocation slip is the primary deformation mode, and the favorable strength-ductility balance results from the microband-induced plasticity. Calculations confirm dislocation strengthening as the primary strengthening mechanism in the experimental steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114817"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ZnO@MXene nanoplatform for near infrared induced elimination of drug resistant bacteria and Acceleration of infected wound healing ZnO@MXene近红外诱导消除耐药细菌和加速感染伤口愈合的纳米平台

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114816

Ruofeng Yin , Enoch Obeng , Zhixing Li , Akmal Ergashev , Wei Wang , Rongbing Chen , Wei Wu , Da Sun , Qingqing Yao , Wencan Wu , Yunzhong Zhan

{"title":"ZnO@MXene nanoplatform for near infrared induced elimination of drug resistant bacteria and Acceleration of infected wound healing","authors":"Ruofeng Yin , Enoch Obeng , Zhixing Li , Akmal Ergashev , Wei Wang , Rongbing Chen , Wei Wu , Da Sun , Qingqing Yao , Wencan Wu , Yunzhong Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug-resistant bacterial wound infections, especially those caused by methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA), pose a critical clinical challenge with limited effective therapeutic options. Here, we report a photothermally responsive nanoplatform, (ZWMx), engineered via hydrothermal synthesis to integrate efficient photothermal conversion, reactive oxygen species generation, and bacterial membrane disruption. The composite leverages the broad absorption in the near infrared region and excellent electrical conductivity of tungsten carbide MXene to overcome the photoinstability of ZnO, achieving a photothermal conversion efficiency of approximately 29.78 % and strong catalytic activity through reactive oxygen species. Upon irradiation at 808 nm, ZWMx rapidly eliminates over 90 % of MRSA <em>in vitro</em> within five minutes and disrupts established biofilms, indicating a synergistic and multifaceted bactericidal mechanism. <em>In vivo</em>, ZWMx promotes near-complete healing of MRSA-infected wounds within twelve days, with minimal thermal damage to surrounding tissues, high biocompatibility, and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor one, suggesting enhanced angiogenesis. These findings establish a light-responsive therapeutic strategy for the targeted elimination of drug-resistant infections and effective stimulation of wound repair, providing a promising alternative to conventional antibiotic therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114816"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing supercritical CO2 immersion resistance of aramid pulp-filled ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber composites through reinforced interfacial bonding 通过增强界面键合增强芳纶浆料填充乙丙二烯单体橡胶复合材料的耐超临界CO2浸泡性能

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114812

Qi Wang , Jianxiong Gu , Ping Tao , Liangyan Wang , Chunming Wang , Yongliang Zhu , Yiwu Quan

{"title":"Enhancing supercritical CO2 immersion resistance of aramid pulp-filled ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber composites through reinforced interfacial bonding","authors":"Qi Wang , Jianxiong Gu , Ping Tao , Liangyan Wang , Chunming Wang , Yongliang Zhu , Yiwu Quan","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of supercritical carbon dioxide(sCO<sub>2</sub>)-resistant sealing rubbers is a key solution to addressing the critical challenges in the application of sCO<sub>2</sub>-related industries. This study focused on enhancing the sCO<sub>2</sub> immersion resistance of aramid fiber-reinforced ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber composites through strengthened interfacial bonding. Combined modification with coupling agents and polyisocyanate was applied to the surfaces of phosphoric acid-etched aramid fibers. H pull-out tests revealed that after modification, the interfacial bonding strength between the fibers and rubber significantly increased from 12.9 to 51.1 N. Scanning electron microscopy analysis further confirmed this enhanced interfacial bonding. Notably, the modified interface had minimal impact on the high-temperature compression set, thermal aging resistance, thermal decomposition temperature, or low-temperature performance. However, sCO<sub>2</sub> immersion tests (165 °C, 17 MPa, 3 days) revealed that interface reinforcement improved the tensile strength retention of EPDM composites containing phosphoric acid-treated aramid fibers modified with coupling agents and polyisocyanate. Specifically, this modification reduced tensile strength loss from 41 % to 33 %. This study provides a simple and effective surface impregnation-based interfacial reinforcement strategy to enhance the sCO<sub>2</sub> resistance of rubber composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114812"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comprehensive framework to study the influence of beam shaping in laser metal fusion processes 研究激光金属熔合过程中光束成形影响的综合框架

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114805

Marida Pontrandolfi , Linda Squillaci , Jonas Olsson , Pradip Aryal , Robert Pederson , Isabelle Choquet , Antonio Ancona

{"title":"A comprehensive framework to study the influence of beam shaping in laser metal fusion processes","authors":"Marida Pontrandolfi , Linda Squillaci , Jonas Olsson , Pradip Aryal , Robert Pederson , Isabelle Choquet , Antonio Ancona","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beam shaping is considered a technology capable of dramatically improving quality and robustness of Laser Metal Fusion (LMF) processes. However, systematic investigations of its effects on melt-pool dynamics, temperature field and microstructure are still required. In this work, we propose an integrated approach combining a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model, in-situ temperature measurements and metallographic analysis to explore programmable ring beam profiles, ranging from Gaussian-dominant to ring-dominant configurations. This method, initially proposed on Ti-6Al-4V bead-on-plate tracks, validates melt-pool temperatures measured in-process by a dual-wavelength pyrometer against CFD predictions, which are in turn validated with metallographic cross-sections. Ring modes lowered peak temperature by up to 35 %, transforming deep-narrow pools (aspect ratio ≈0.9) into shallow-wide ones (≈0.4). This suppressed humping at line energies ≥ 0.28 J mm<sup>−</sup>1, whereas lower energies produced only superficial melting. Simulations matched pyrometer data within 5 % whenever pool width equalled the pyrometers’ sensing spot; all tracks solidified into ultrafine α with retained β, independent of beam mode. Therefore, the combination of in-situ, ex-situ and CFD tools offers a practical workflow for assisting data-driven process optimization and can be easily extended to other LMF processes, with its potential implementation in industrial Laser Powder Bed Fusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114805"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patterned preparation of high-quality graphene film based on solution coating 基于溶液涂层的高质量石墨烯薄膜的图案化制备

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114811

Junwei Yin , Shuai Deng , Yuchang Zhang , Yunxian Cui , Mingfeng E

{"title":"Patterned preparation of high-quality graphene film based on solution coating","authors":"Junwei Yin , Shuai Deng , Yuchang Zhang , Yunxian Cui , Mingfeng E","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene has excellent electronic mobility, high electrical conductivity, and strong thermal conductivity. These properties make it suitable for use in electronic devices, sensors, and energy storage systems. However, current methods for producing graphene films face several problems. They are often expensive, require specific substrates, and have low success rates during transfer. These issues limit the large-scale use of graphene films. In this study, we propose a low-cost method to prepare graphene films. The method uses a flexible polyimide (PI) mask. Laser etching is used to create specific patterns on the PI mask. Then, a printing technique is applied to deposit graphene films onto quartz substrates. Compared to traditional approaches, this method is cheaper, works with various substrates. We used systematic characterization to evaluate the method. The results show that it can produce uniform and high-quality graphene films. We also studied the effects of film thickness, substrate treatment, and vacuum annealing on film performance. Hydrophilic treatment improves the dispersion of the graphene slurry. This helps the film become more uniform and improves its adhesion to the substrate. Vacuum annealing removes some dopants and makes the film cleaner. This method provides a promising solution for low-cost and large-scale production of graphene films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114811"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transformer-based multimodal learning for predicting mechanical properties in heat-treated stainless steel 基于变压器的多模态学习预测热处理不锈钢的力学性能

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2025-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114800

Xuefei Wang , Shijie Zhang , Di Jiang , Wei Yu , Yihao Zheng , Chunyang Luo , Haojie Wang , Zhaodong Wang

引用次数: 0

Exploring structure–property relations in dual phase steels using crystal plasticity and variance based global sensitivity analysis 利用晶体塑性和基于方差的全局灵敏度分析探讨双相钢的组织-性能关系

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114794

Niklas C. Fehlemann, Irene Biermann, Sebastian Münstermann

{"title":"Exploring structure–property relations in dual phase steels using crystal plasticity and variance based global sensitivity analysis","authors":"Niklas C. Fehlemann, Irene Biermann, Sebastian Münstermann","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel framework to quantify the relationships between microstructural features and damage mechanisms in DP800 steel through high-fidelity three-dimensional sRVE simulations with novel damage indicators, which were integrated with variance-based global sensitivity analysis for the calculation of Sobol indices. The developed methodology suggests that the martensite-to-ferrite phase ratio has a stronger impact on damage tolerance than martensite strength, while the elongation of martensite is the dominant parameter for martensite fracture. For the newly introduced phase boundary decohesion indicator, the grain sizes of both phases exhibit the highest influence. A homogenized indicator for overall damage resistance and a trade-off for the two damage mechanisms further revealed the importance of phase morphology, providing insights into additional influencing factors not captured by individual mechanisms. Convergence analyses confirmed that 200–250 datapoints suffice for stable determination of the Sobol indices, confirmed by different surrogate modeling approaches. Radar chart analyses indicated that optimal microstructures for enhanced damage tolerance consist of smaller fractions of strong martensite combined with fine, spheroidal grains in both phases, aligning with established knowledge on DP steels. This approach establishes a validated basis for future optimization of microstructures and loading paths to improve damage tolerance under complex forming conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114794"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0