Materials & Design最新文献

{"title":"Design, optimization, and validation of a magnetic mother-child robot system for targeted drug delivery","authors":"Bentao Zou ,&nbsp;Huibin Liu ,&nbsp;Xuehao Fen ,&nbsp;Zhizheng Gao ,&nbsp;Zhixing Ge ,&nbsp;Wenguang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional untethered magnetic microrobots utilized for in vivo targeted drug delivery face challenges related to poor maneuverability and limited kinematic performance. In this study, we harness the strengths of both magnetic continuum robots (acting as “mother” units) and untethered microrobots (functioning as “child” units), refining the motion model to develop a magnetically driven mother–child robotic system. We have also enhanced the structural design of the magnetic continuum and optimized the batch fabrication process of pH-responsive hydrogel integrated with the microrobots. This design allows the child robots to be deployed by the mother unit and subsequently retrieved upon task completion. Our strategy, which aims to minimize foreign body presence and reduce side effects, was validated using an in vitro gastric model, demonstrating the feasibility and enhanced operability of this system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 113827"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stackable 3D-printed core-shell nozzle system for multi-shell fiber and microdroplet generation","authors":"Jianfeng Li ,&nbsp;Peer Fischer","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microfluidics is increasingly utilized in biofabrication to create more complex fiber and droplet structures, including those that involve multiple materials. Layered and core-multiple shell structures are of particular interest as templates for biofabrication and cell growth. Traditional fabrication methods often rely on fixed coaxial, triaxial or quadaxial needles, which are costly and prone to clogging, particularly for smaller inner diameters. Here, we introduce a versatile system based on a 3D printed nozzle which combines two flows: an inner core- and an outer shell-flow. The outlet is fitted with a glass capillary, allowing control of the fiber diameter by adjusting the capillary. The design facilitates the modular “LEGO®-Brick” stacking of multiple nozzles, enabling the efficient fabrication of complex fibers. We demonstrate the production of alginate (Alg)-methyl cellulose (MC) composite fibers with variable diameters. Additionally, when the shell was filled with an oil phase and the core with a water phase, microdroplets with controlled diameters were effectively generated. The two-flow system also enables the extrusion of graphene oxide (GO)-based fibers and microbeads, which are widely-used structures in various applications. To demonstrate the capability of the designed nozzle for biofabrication, C2C12 cell-laden GO-based fibers and microbeads were fabricated, exhibiting excellent post-fabrication cell viability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 113807"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating Structure-Property relationships for optimization of plate lattice sound absorbers","authors":"Jun Wei Chua ,&nbsp;Wei Zhai ,&nbsp;Xinwei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To be compatible with mainstream additive manufacturing techniques, plate lattices must be designed with embedded pores to eliminate closed cells and facilitate material removal. Interestingly, these pores also transform the plate lattices into effective acoustic absorbers, with structures resembling Helmholtz resonators. In this work, the sound absorption performance of plate lattices inspired by crystal structures was investigated, with small perforations at nodes introduced as a design feature to facilitate feedstock material removal and allow acoustic energy to penetrate the structure. Calibrated through numerous additively manufactured samples, a high-fidelity mathematical model, grounded in Helmholtz resonance principles and the Transfer Matrix Method, was developed to accurately predict the acoustic properties of plate lattices across a broad range of frequencies from 450 to 6300 Hz. The model not only effectively predicts sound absorption coefficient curves based on geometric parameters but also provides valuable insights into how these parameters influence acoustic performance. It is found that smaller cell sizes, higher relative densities, and reduced perforation sizes generally result in higher mean sound absorption coefficients. The frequency bands of peak absorption regions are then strongly affected by the perforation size relative to the cell size. Furthermore, an optimization framework leveraging the model generated heterogeneous plate lattice designs with superior broadband sound absorption at targeted frequency ranges. This work introduces a robust mathematical approach for predicting and optimizing the acoustic properties of perforated plate lattices while uncovering key structural-property relationships that drive their performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 113801"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design strategy for Al-containing metallic glasses by entropy engineering and covalent attribute","authors":"Bing-Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Zi-Jing Li ,&nbsp;Shi-Dong Feng ,&nbsp;Li-Min Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional approaches to the composition design of metallic glasses often disregard the distinct nature of metallic and covalent interactions, leading to challenges in accurately incorporating specific elements that are more covalent and understanding their interactions. This limitation complicates the quantitative design process and hinders the development of a comprehensive theoretical framework. To address this, we propose a novel design strategy based on entropy engineering to tune metallic bonds using melting entropy, while the covalent interactions is guided by mixing enthalpy. Applying this method, we successfully designed the metallic glasses <span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>La</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>60.6</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>Ni</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>22.9</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>Al</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>17.5</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>La</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>62.2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span><span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Ni</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>11.8</mn></mrow></msub></math></span><span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Cu</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>12.7</mn></mrow></msub></math></span><span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Al</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>13.2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> whose GFA is highly consistent with the reported components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 113771"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct evidence and kinetics of Cu precipitation in the austenite phase of a maraging stainless steel","authors":"Tao Zhou ,&nbsp;Gabriel Spartacus ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Li ,&nbsp;Sonia Guehairia ,&nbsp;Tim Fischer ,&nbsp;Malte Blankenburg ,&nbsp;Peter Hedström","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we investigate the precipitation kinetics of Cu in 15–5 PH maraging stainless steel during high-temperature thermal treatments in the fully austenitic state. This provides direct evidence that Cu precipitation can occur in the austenite phase of martensitic or ferritic steels. The kinetics of Cu precipitation in austenite are examined at 700 and 800 °C using <em>in situ</em> synchrotron small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering, complemented by atom probe tomography investigations to analyze the precipitates, particularly their chemistry, following heat treatment. The resulting experimental data, which include the evolution of size, volume fraction, number density and chemical composition, are used to inform precipitation kinetics modelling using the Langer-Schwartz-Kampmann-Wagner (LSKW) approach coupled with CALPHAD thermodynamic and kinetic databases. The simulations accurately capture the experimental data by adjusting the interfacial energy in an inverse modelling approach. The insight that Cu precipitation occurs in austenite and subsequently in martensite paves the way for design of hierarchical structures with a bi-modal particle size distribution of Cu precipitates with varying crystal structures and compositions. Additionally, the validated LSKW modelling approach establishes a foundation for designing Cu-alloyed high-performance steels, taking into account various manufacturing routes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 113835"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermophysical and microstructural characterization of Ti-6Al-4V in powder and laser powder bed fusion-processed state within the global temperature field range","authors":"J. Rottler ,&nbsp;T.K. Tetzlaff ,&nbsp;A. Wohninsland ,&nbsp;A. Lion ,&nbsp;M. Johlitz","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To pave the way for thermophysical modeling and further PBF-LB/M process optimization, the thermophysical properties of Ti-6Al-4V in powder and processed states were investigated using thermo-mechanical analysis, laser flash analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Microstructural characterization using SEM, Vickers hardness testing, and XRD facilitated a novel interpretation of the results. The macroscopic density exhibited a linear relationship up to 880<!--> <span><math><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></mmultiscripts></math></span>, showing only a minor impact from microstructural effects. The evolution of <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> martensitic microstructure was analyzed by examining linear thermal expansion coefficients indicating direction dependency. During heating, the precipitation and stabilization of <em>β</em> provoke the formation and decomposition of the intermetallic phase, accompanied by a significant increase in hardness and an exothermic event. Additionally, the relaxation of residual stresses and transformation into the <em>β</em> phase determines the microstructural evolution. Thermal diffusivity of as-built Ti-6Al-4V propagates linearly up to 950<!--> <span><math><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></mmultiscripts></math></span>. For powder, HotDisk measurements corroborate laser flash data obtained up to 850<!--> <span><math><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></mmultiscripts></math></span>. Based on the LFA, the start of sintering is identified and attributed to a change in the heat transfer mechanism in AM powders. Specific heat capacity and effective thermal conductivity of AM Ti-6Al-4V are determined, highlighting the shortcomings of predicting AM powders' conductivity based on solid materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 113823"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravitreal injection of TA-III with sustained release to simultaneously impart anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and vascular remodeling activities in diabetic retinopathy","authors":"Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Gong ,&nbsp;Yanyu Shangguan ,&nbsp;Pengli Wang ,&nbsp;Yanlong Bi ,&nbsp;Yong Xu ,&nbsp;Bo Tao ,&nbsp;Bing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes negatively impacts vision and retinal function. However, current therapeutic options for diabetic retinopathy (DR) often present limitations, including targeting specific pathways, short duration of action, and need for frequent injections. Timosaponin AIII (TA-III) exhibited the potential of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress and promoting vascular remodeling abilities from bioinformatics analysis tool. Additionally, polyethylene glycol succinimide succinate [PEG-(SS)₂]-human serum albumin (HSA) (Hp) hydrogel, known for its excellent biocompatibility and sustained drug release properties, was employed to encapsulate TA-III to exhibit a long-acting, sustained release profile. In vitro results demonstrated that the TA-III/Hp hydrogel upregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and zonula occludens-1, while reducing the level of vascular endothelial growth factor A. We further observed a significant reduction in the levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α under high glucose conditions by using the TA-III/Hp hydrogel in retinal pigment epithelium cells. Notably, intravitreal delivery of TA-III/Hp hydrogel in the DR mouse model effectively increased retinal thickness and numbers of mature blood vessels, while inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory factor levels. In conclusion, intravitreal injection of TA-III/Hp hydrogel facilitates sustained release of TA-III, simultaneously providing anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and vascular remodeling effects in DR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 113832"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient design of Voronoi energy-absorbing foams using Bayesian optimization","authors":"Youngtaek Oh ,&nbsp;Byungjo Kim ,&nbsp;Hayoung Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, many studies have increasingly focused on developing bio-inspired structures, leveraging their lightweight and high-energy absorption properties, which are crucial across many engineering fields. Structural optimization aiming for bio-inspired structures having superior energy absorption capability, however, has been considered a challenging problem. One of these challenges is that nonlinear material behaviors induced by external forces, such as buckling and self-contact of constituting ligaments, intervene in the energy absorption process. Such nonlinearities not only make the relationship between design changes and energy absorption nonlinear, but also exacerbate the difficulties of design, given the complexity of the ligament configurations. To address this, a novel design optimization method for bio-inspired cellular structures with high energy absorption is proposed. First, Voronoi tessellation is used to capture configurations of bio-inspired material, parameterized by geometric variables. Then, Bayesian optimization with Kriging efficiently updates the design, exploring the complex design space through high-fidelity nonlinear finite element analysis. The proposed design method is efficient in structural optimization as it combines a strategy to reduce the number of samples required for surrogate modeling of structural response and optimal search, but it also generates multiple design outcomes with similar advantages due to the intrinsic variance of the Voronoi structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 113822"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of continuous annealing on the interfacial compound evolution and mechanical behavior of hot-rolled titanium/steel composite plates","authors":"Zhenxiong Wei ,&nbsp;Peng Huang ,&nbsp;Qiang Gao ,&nbsp;Xixi Su ,&nbsp;Zhanhao Feng ,&nbsp;Lin Peng ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Yonghui Sun ,&nbsp;Guoyin Zu","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the effect of continuous annealing on the interfacial compound evolution and mechanical properties of hot-rolled TA1/St12 composite plates, the hot-rolled composites underwent heat treatments at 850 °C–950 °C for 10 min. The influence of the pre-existing TiC interlayer on interfacial reaction behavior and compound evolution was analyzed, revealing the interfacial bonding and failure mechanisms of the Ti/steel composites. Results show that at annealing temperatures ≤900 °C, the pre-existing TiC layer effectively suppressed the interdiffusion between Fe and Ti, thereby preventing the formation of Fe-Ti phases. The interfacial layer consisted of nanoscale and submicron-scale TiC. During deformation and failure, microcracks were prone to initiate at the nanoscale TiC/steel interface and subsequently propagate towards the nanoscale TiC/submicron-scale TiC interface. At 950 °C, the pre-existing TiC layer at the interface dissolved, and the interfacial compound layer evolved into a mixture of nanoscale TiC, FeTi, and Fe₂Ti. The FeTi/TiC + Fe₂Ti and FeTi/Fe₂Ti interfaces became the primary crack propagation paths, severely degrading the bonding quality of the Ti/steel composite. After annealing at 850 °C, the ductility and deformation compatibility of the Ti/steel composite plate were significantly enhanced, resulting in optimal overall mechanical properties. The ultimate tensile strength, shear strength, and elongation were 286 MPa, 127 MPa, and 44 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 113818"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and composition evolution of SPPs in the oxide film of Zr-1.0Sn-0.25Nb-0.2Fe-0.1Cr during corrosion","authors":"Tianguo Wei ,&nbsp;Xun Dai ,&nbsp;Yi Zhao ,&nbsp;Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Yufeng Du ,&nbsp;JiYun Zheng ,&nbsp;Chongsheng Long ,&nbsp;Chao Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microstructure and composition evolution of SPPs in the oxide film of Zr-1.0Sn-0.25Nb-0.2Fe-0.1Cr alloy during aqueous corrosion at 360 °C is investigated by HRTEM. The results show that SPPs with their distances to the O-M interface less than 500 nm remain metallic and exhibit similar structure and composition as those in Zr matrix. However, the SPPs with their distances to the O-M interface more than 1 μm exhibit obvious oxidation, characterized by the high O content and the appearance of the oxides of Fe, Cr and Zr inside the SPPs. The cracks connected to the SPPs could provide a good O supply and enhance the oxidation of the SPPs. Such cracks also promote the outwards diffusion of Fe and Cr from the SPPs during oxidation. In the oxidized Zr(FeCrNb)₂ particles, Fe has a faster outwards diffusion rate than Cr, while Nb seems to be almost immobile. Under certain conditions, small oxidized SPPs will leave porous regions within the oxide film locally. Tetragonal ZrO₂ is observed occasionally nearby the oxidized SPPs, which is thought to be caused by the doping effect of Fe depleted from the dissolved SPPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 113830"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}