Materials & Design最新文献

{"title":"Exploring structure–property relations in dual phase steels using crystal plasticity and variance based global sensitivity analysis","authors":"Niklas C. Fehlemann,&nbsp;Irene Biermann,&nbsp;Sebastian Münstermann","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel framework to quantify the relationships between microstructural features and damage mechanisms in DP800 steel through high-fidelity three-dimensional sRVE simulations with novel damage indicators, which were integrated with variance-based global sensitivity analysis for the calculation of Sobol indices. The developed methodology suggests that the martensite-to-ferrite phase ratio has a stronger impact on damage tolerance than martensite strength, while the elongation of martensite is the dominant parameter for martensite fracture. For the newly introduced phase boundary decohesion indicator, the grain sizes of both phases exhibit the highest influence. A homogenized indicator for overall damage resistance and a trade-off for the two damage mechanisms further revealed the importance of phase morphology, providing insights into additional influencing factors not captured by individual mechanisms. Convergence analyses confirmed that 200–250 datapoints suffice for stable determination of the Sobol indices, confirmed by different surrogate modeling approaches. Radar chart analyses indicated that optimal microstructures for enhanced damage tolerance consist of smaller fractions of strong martensite combined with fine, spheroidal grains in both phases, aligning with established knowledge on DP steels. This approach establishes a validated basis for future optimization of microstructures and loading paths to improve damage tolerance under complex forming conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114794"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrospun P(VDF-TrFE)/ceria nanoparticle scaffolds for skeletal muscle regeneration","authors":"Shengjing Xu ,&nbsp;Muge Gu ,&nbsp;Yihui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuanye Guan ,&nbsp;Wei Yu,&nbsp;Xiangqi Zhang,&nbsp;Liyuan Kang,&nbsp;Zhen Zeng,&nbsp;Yanjie He,&nbsp;Wei-En Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Volumetric muscle loss (VML) presents a significant clinical challenge due to the limited regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle. Piezoelectric scaffolds have shown promise in enhancing muscle repair by converting mechanical cues into bioelectric signals. In this study, we investigate the regenerative potential of electrospun scaffolds composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] and polycaprolactone (PCL), with or without cerium dioxide nanoparticles (Ce NPs), in a VML mouse model. Hyaluronic acid functionalization was employed to improve scaffold biocompatibility. In vitro experiments confirmed the biocompatibility of these scaffolds, while in vivo assessments over eight weeks demonstrated significant efficacy in restoring muscle function. Compared with PCL-Ce scaffolds, mice implanted with piezoelectric scaffolds exhibited faster grip strength recovery, more mature muscle regeneration, a more hierarchical arrangement of muscle fibers, and increased fiber diameter. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of Ce NPs reduced adipocyte infiltration and excessive collagen deposition and were associated with enhanced angiogenesis. Grip strength measurements further highlighted the superior regenerative performance of P(VDF-TrFE) scaffolds combined with Ce NPs. Overall, these findings underscore the potential of piezoelectric scaffolds integrated with antioxidants in promoting structural and functional muscle regeneration following VML.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114804"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical nanocomposite formation and strengthening mechanisms in a phase-separated CrFeCoNiCu high-entropy alloy","authors":"Jinyeon Kim ,&nbsp;Jinwoo Kim ,&nbsp;Wan Kim ,&nbsp;Jeong Won Yeh ,&nbsp;Jae-Hyeok Shim ,&nbsp;Hye Jung Chang ,&nbsp;Eun Soo Park","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates a CrFeCoNiCu high-entropy alloy (HEA) exhibiting hierarchical phase separation into Cu-rich low-entropy (LE) and CrFeCoNi-rich high-entropy (HE) regions, driven by a miscibility gap and monotectic reaction. A CALPHAD-based pseudo-binary diagram guided the optimization of solidification and annealing conditions, promoting nanoscale coherent precipitate (NCP) formation within each phase. Multiscale analysis (SEM, EPMA, TEM, 3D APT) revealed a dual FCC-phase composite where each region contains NCPs of the other phase. During annealing, secondary NCPs grow more slowly than primary phase-separated regions, enabling effective control through heat treatment. Mechanical testing via nanoindentation and micropillar compression showed that coherent NCPs enhance strength via a shearing mechanism. In particular, LE NCPs in the HE matrix effectively distribute the applied strain and suppress dislocation motion and slip band formation, resulting in stable strain hardening without stress drops. Upon coarsening beyond the size applicable for shearing, transition to the Orowan bypass mechanism resulting in a decrease in nano-hardness. These findings highlight the importance of coherent phase-separated nanostructures in strengthening and deformation control, and present a thermodynamically guided microstructural design strategy for fabricating HEA-based hierarchical nanocomposites with tunable mechanical performance, offering a promising approach for developing next-generation high-strength, ductile structural materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114790"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ observation of the dynamic precipitation of Mg2Sn in Mg-Sn binary alloy processed by controlled aging treatment","authors":"Shujing Wu ,&nbsp;Chong Cao ,&nbsp;Qingjun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic precipitation and growth of Mg₂Sn in a binary Mg-9.76wt.%Sn alloy aged in the temperature range of 180 °C-330 °C were observed in real time by applying <em>in situ</em> transmission electron microscopy techniques, showing the details where and how precipitates nucleate, grow, or dissolve. The dispersive nanoparticles were observed in the Mg matrix at 180 °C, then gradually grew to a lath-like shape on the basal plane at 240 °C-250 °C. The dynamic re-dissolution process of precipitates at the appropriate temperature of 300 °C-330 °C was observed, which was also found to mainly be related to temperature, aging time, surface tension, and vacancies. Meanwhile, a new orientation relationship between the stable precipitates and the Mg matrix was revealed. The results will give a significant insight into the microstructural factors regarding the formation of the orientation relationships, and provide a theoretical guidance for the optimization of alloy performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114766"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dispersion strategies development for high-performance carbon nanomaterials-reinforced cementitious composites − critical review on properties and future challenges","authors":"Yuan Gao ,&nbsp;Fufu Zou ,&nbsp;Hao Sui ,&nbsp;Jiajing Xu ,&nbsp;Siyao Wang ,&nbsp;Shuaijie Lu ,&nbsp;Jiajian Yu ,&nbsp;Weiqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Yanming Liu ,&nbsp;Jing Chen ,&nbsp;Lilin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene nanosheets (GNS), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), graphene oxide (GO), with their excellent physical and chemical properties, have drawn widespread attention in the cement industry. This review introduces the dispersion strategies of CNMs in cementitious composites fabrication procedures before providing a comprehensive summary of the corresponding principles, advantages, limitations, and critical considerations. We also reviewed the latest CNMs dispersion characterization techniques and the dispersion effectiveness evaluation methods. Furthermore, the properties of cementitious composites incorporating CNMs, including workability, mechanical strength, durability, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, are summarized. The impact of dispersion strategies on these properties is analyzed, and potential causes behind performance inconsistencies are discussed. This review found that the current research faces several challenges: the lack of standardized mix proportions and dispersion protocols hinders result comparison, and inconsistent characterization methods, insufficient cost/lifecycle analyses, combined with unclear links between CNMs’ properties and enhancement, collectively limit practicality. Therefore, future works should focus on establishing unified guidelines for production and characterization, conducting cost-sustainability assessments, and clarifying CNMs’ property-performance relations to advance engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114789"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover_258","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0264-1275(25)01196-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0264-1275(25)01196-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 114776"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclic etching of SiO2 contact holes using heptafluoropropyl methyl ether having low global-warming potential","authors":"Sanghyun You ,&nbsp;Minuk Kim ,&nbsp;Inkyoung Cho ,&nbsp;Junyoung Kim ,&nbsp;Sangheon Lee ,&nbsp;Chang-Koo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SiO₂ contact holes having high aspect ratios were etched using a cyclic-etching process employing heptafluoropropyl methyl ether (HFE-347mcc3) which exhibits a low global-warming potential (GWP ≈530) compared with conventional perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). In this cyclic process, the etching steps involving HFE-347mcc3/O₂/Ar plasmas were alternated with deposition steps involving HFE-347mcc3/Ar plasmas to precisely control the fluorocarbon passivation films on the sidewalls. The effects of the deposition- and etching-step durations on the contact-hole profiles were systematically investigated. Increasing the duration of the deposition step initially improved sidewall protection, thereby significantly reducing bowing and enhancing anisotropy; however, excessively long deposition-step durations caused narrowing. Similarly, the duration of the etching step was optimized to achieve sufficient fluorocarbon-film hardening to prevent bowing while avoiding excessive narrowing. The degree of exposure to fluorocarbon plasma was introduced as a critical parameter to optimize the anisotropy. Under optimized conditions, a nearly vertical and highly anisotropic SiO₂ contact hole having a diameter of 100 nm and an aspect ratio of 24 was successfully obtained with minimal bowing (1 nm). The results revealed that HFE-347mcc3 is a viable and environmentally sustainable alternative to high-GWP PFCs or HFCs and provide both environmental benefits and excellent etching performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114797"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ai-driven optimization of woven composite via integrated deep and reinforcement learning","authors":"Mao-Ken Hsu,&nbsp;Bo-Yu Huang,&nbsp;Chi-Hua Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Woven carbon fiber composites are increasingly adopted in advanced structural applications due to their exceptional strength-to-weight ratio and tunable design features. However, high-fidelity simulations of their complex woven architecture are computationally intensive. This study presents a hybrid deep learning framework that combines a dual-input Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for mechanical property prediction with a Deep Q-Network (DQN) for reinforcement learning-based optimization. The CNN achieves R² values above 0.96 for elastic deformation, plastic deformation, and strain energy density prediction. Using the DQN, the optimized design achieves a 2.37-fold improvement in strain energy density, increasing from 3590.78 J/m³ to 8527.85 J/m³. Furthermore, by replacing the original woven geometry with a reduced model using stress–strain behavior, simulation time is reduced from 534 min to 2 min, a 267-fold speedup. This approach significantly enhances efficiency in composite design and optimization workflows, enabling rapid exploration of high-performance configurations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114798"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bioadhesive sustained-release films for in situ therapy of oral ulcers","authors":"Hongping Ge ,&nbsp;Jing Yu ,&nbsp;Li Pan ,&nbsp;Lifang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohang Yin ,&nbsp;Jie Cai ,&nbsp;Chenghu Wu ,&nbsp;Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Shisheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oral ulcers affect more than 25 % of the global population and are driven by complex pathological mechanisms, including bacterial infection, oxidative stress, and dysregulated inflammation, all of which impede healing. To address the limitations of therapies that target only a single aspect of ulcer pathology, this study developed a multifunctional electrospun film by combining 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). The BG/HPMC films, fabricated by electrospinning with 5 wt% BG incorporated into HPMC matrices, were thoroughly characterized for their structural and bioactive properties. In a rat oral ulcer model, the BG/HPMC films significantly accelerated re-epithelialization and reduced ulcer size compared to both control and chitosan-treated groups. The films also exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. In vitro, BG extracts promoted the viability and migration of human oral epithelial cells (HOECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), mitigated hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, and suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines—interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)—in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114765"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced morphology and conductivity in aerosol jet printing via optimization of print speed range under various deposition rate","authors":"Xuanbo Jiang ,&nbsp;Zijun Yan ,&nbsp;Yingjie Niu ,&nbsp;Xuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Teng Ma ,&nbsp;Hui Cheng ,&nbsp;Kaifu Zhang ,&nbsp;Chenglin Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerosol Jet (AJ) printing is becoming increasingly attractive for printed conformal electronics due to its non-contact capability. However, the impact of deposition rate and print speed on the morphology and electrical properties of printed traces remains unclear. In this study, AJ printed traces with different print speed (0.3–20 mm/s) under commonly used deposition rate values (0.0002, 0.0004 and 0.0006 mm³/s) were examined. After evaluating the corresponding morphology and conductivity of the printed traces, the optimal print speed range of each deposition rate was determined as follows: deposition rate of 0.0002 mm³/s as 0.3–1.5 mm/s, 0.0004 mm³/s as 0.7–4 mm/s, and 0.0006 mm³/s as 1–6 mm/s, respectively. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is proposed to elucidate the fundamental aerodynamic behaviors of AJ printed traces under different deposition rate, and its trends align with experimental observations. The mechanism by which print speed influences conductivity was analyzed, revealing that internal porosity is the primary factor reducing conductivity at low print speed. The analysis of morphology, conductivity, and printing efficiency across various print modes revealed that the morphology of printed traces under the respective deposition rate and print speed combination remained consistent in single-layer printing. Notably, printing efficiency is substantially enhanced at elevated deposition rate and high print speed. Compared to multi-layer printing at low deposition rate, high deposition rate single-layer printing emerges as the optimal method for achieving superior efficiency and conductivity. Ultimately, a correlation was established between resistance, print speed, and deposition rate, that enabling the successful printing of 15 resistors with specific resistance values (20 Ω) for different geometries, within an average error of 5.9 %, thereby broadening the applicability of AJ printing in printed electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114745"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}