Materials & Design最新文献_第3页

Multifunctional carbon-veil grid design for impact damage monitoring and tolerance in GFRP and CFRP laminates GFRP和CFRP复合材料冲击损伤监测与容限的多功能碳膜网格设计

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115608

Ozan Can Zehni , Ali Kandemir

{"title":"Multifunctional carbon-veil grid design for impact damage monitoring and tolerance in GFRP and CFRP laminates","authors":"Ozan Can Zehni , Ali Kandemir","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a materials-by-design strategy based on fully embedded carbon-veil grid architectures for high-sensitivity impact damage monitoring in glass- and carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP and CFRP) laminates. Integrated as part of the laminate, the architecture exploits high-frequency resistance monitoring to capture transient electrical responses during impact, enabling detection of damage initiation at very low energy levels. In GFRP laminates, lightweight 10 g/m<sup>2</sup> carbon-veil grids produced repeatable and spatially resolved resistance responses under low-velocity impacts between 5 and 20 J. Distinct transient resistance signatures were detected even at 5 J, revealing sensitivity to early-stage matrix cracking beyond conventional post-impact measurements. With increasing impact energy, transient and permanent resistance changes increased markedly, reaching very large amplitudes at 20 J due to extensive delamination and grid disruption. In CFRP laminates, electrically insulated 2 g/m<sup>2</sup> carbon-veil grids combined with thermoplastic veils enabled detection of subsurface and through-thickness damage at energies as low as 3 J, even in the absence of visible ultrasonic indications. Joule-heating-assisted thermal imaging provided direct visualisation of electrically damaged regions, while short-beam shear tests showed an approximately 11 % enhancement in interlaminar shear strength. The architecture enables early impact damage detection, severity discrimination, and mechanical enhancement in composite laminates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 115608"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modular metamaterials with deep learning–enabled customizable stress–strain responses 具有深度学习功能的可定制应力应变响应的模块化超材料

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115584

Xiaofeng Guo , Miaomiao He , Ikumu Watanabe , Jiaxin Zhou , Takayuki Yamada , Yong Yi , Xiaoyang Zheng

{"title":"Modular metamaterials with deep learning–enabled customizable stress–strain responses","authors":"Xiaofeng Guo , Miaomiao He , Ikumu Watanabe , Jiaxin Zhou , Takayuki Yamada , Yong Yi , Xiaoyang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modular mechanical metamaterials offer unique opportunities for programmable and reconfigurable functionality through simple geometric rearrangements. Inspired by the modularity of Lego blocks, we propose a new class of modular metamaterials composed of three standardized modules—linear, yielding-like, and snap-through buckling elements—that can be assembled into two- and three-dimensional grids to realize diverse nonlinear stress–strain responses. To accelerate design and optimization, we integrate deep learning (DL) with the metamaterial design process. A convolutional neural network-based predictor rapidly estimates the stress–strain curves of given modular configurations, achieving a prediction accuracy of <span><math><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>></mo><mn>0.999</mn></math></span>. Furthermore, a conditional variational autoencoder-based inverse designer enables the automatic generation of modular configurations that match target stress–strain curves, demonstrating high fidelity (<span><math><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>≈</mo><mn>0.97</mn></math></span>). The proposed DL framework allows rapid, scalable, and reprogrammable design of nonlinear mechanical responses without exhaustive simulations or manual tuning. This study establishes a universal, data-driven strategy for the inverse design of modular metamaterials, paving the way toward intelligent, reconfigurable material systems for applications in soft robotics and adaptive structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 115584"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metabolically targeted NIR-II theranostic nanoplatform enabling efficient synergistic phototherapy and chemotherapy for Alveolar echinococcosis 代谢靶向NIR-II治疗纳米平台，为肺泡棘球蚴病提供有效的协同光疗和化疗

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115597

Zenghao Zhao , Bingshuai Zhou , Jun Li , Meiling Wang , Chi Zhang , Jiabao Xiong , Zhong Du , Wenbao Zhang , Biao Dong , Nuernisha Alifu

{"title":"Metabolically targeted NIR-II theranostic nanoplatform enabling efficient synergistic phototherapy and chemotherapy for Alveolar echinococcosis","authors":"Zenghao Zhao , Bingshuai Zhou , Jun Li , Meiling Wang , Chi Zhang , Jiabao Xiong , Zhong Du , Wenbao Zhang , Biao Dong , Nuernisha Alifu","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a malignant tumor-like parasitic disease whose treatment is limited by poor lesion accessibility and insufficient chemotherapeutic efficacy. Herein, a metabolic-targeted NIR-II theranostic nanoplatform was rationally designed to integrate photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and chemotherapy for AE treatment. The Au@Si@ABZSO/ICG@P nanoparticles (ASAIP NPs) feature a gold nanorod core for efficient photothermal conversion, a mesoporous silica layer for co-loading albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO) and indocyanine green (ICG), and a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) shell enabling preferential hepatic lesion accumulation via metabolic affinity. NIR-II fluorescence imaging allows accurate lesion visualization and guides spatiotemporally controlled therapy. Under photothermal activation, on-demand ABZSO release is achieved, while ICG simultaneously mediates PTT and PDT, producing enhanced synergistic antiparasitic effects. This work demonstrates a metabolically targeted, multimodal nanoplatform that improves therapeutic precision and efficacy against AE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 115597"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent advances in reinforced honeycomb mechanical metamaterials: a review 增强蜂窝机械超材料研究进展综述

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115593

Zhenzhen Cai, Xiaolin Deng

{"title":"Recent advances in reinforced honeycomb mechanical metamaterials: a review","authors":"Zhenzhen Cai, Xiaolin Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Honeycomb structures, as a class of ultra-lightweight mechanical metamaterials, achieve their exceptional mechanical performance predominantly through the carefully engineered geometry of their cellular architecture, rather than solely through the intrinsic properties of the constituent materials. While the intrinsic mechanical properties of the base material—such as stiffness and strength—also influence the overall response, their contribution is generally secondary to that of the structural configuration. This review systematically summarizes the major advancements in honeycomb structure design, with a focus on reinforced two-dimensional geometric configurations aimed at developing new cellular architectures with diversified and optimized mechanical properties. The paper first revisits the classical honeycomb topologies, then discusses the crashworthiness of traditional concave hexagonal honeycombs and their common improvement strategies. Furthermore, a clear classification framework is established according to design scale. Reinforced macroscopic designs are categorized into hierarchical, graded, curved, foam-filled, hybrid, and symmetric/asymmetric configurations. The review also explores the influence mechanisms of critical loading parameters and geometric characteristics, along with a summary of mainstream manufacturing techniques and their practical applications. Finally, the paper highlights key design trends and future challenges in improving the mechanical performance of honeycomb structures, providing insights into advancing collision safety and structural resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 115593"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Topology optimization design of titanium alloy outer cylinder lug structure for landing gear 起落架钛合金外筒耳结构拓扑优化设计

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115562

Jiale Shi , Zhipeng Li , Zhen Zhuang , Fu Li , Lingbo Zhang , Quhao Li , Yunfeng Luo

引用次数: 0

Optimized low-temperature heat treatment to enhance the mechanical properties of ceramic-reinforced TWIP steel matrix composites 优化低温热处理工艺，提高陶瓷增强TWIP钢基复合材料的力学性能

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115566

Guojin Sun , Qi Wang

{"title":"Optimized low-temperature heat treatment to enhance the mechanical properties of ceramic-reinforced TWIP steel matrix composites","authors":"Guojin Sun , Qi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work explores the use of an improved low-temperature heat treatment procedure to improve the mechanical properties of large-sized ceramic-reinforced TWIP (Twinning-Induced Plasticity) steel matrix composites. The results obtained demonstrate that the ceramic-reinforced TWIP composite’s strength and ductility are significantly improved with low-temperature heat treatment, especially at 400 °C. The ductility, which is determined by the displacement at maximum force, improved by more than 40%, while the bending strength increased by more than 200 MPa to reach about 1000 MPa. The mechanical performance improvements in ceramic-reinforced TWIP steel matrix composites can be primarily attributed to the optimization of the TWIP steel matrix through precise heat treatment. The enhancement is the result of the synergistic effects of twin-induced plasticity (TWIP) and precipitation strengthening mechanisms, which have been carefully engineered through the controlled thermal processes. Precipitate clustering at grain boundaries occasioned an apparent change in its mechanical properties as the heat treatment temperature rose over 400 °C, compromising both strength and ductility. The findings offer significant guidance for facilitating the development of high-performance TWIP steel matrix composites in demanding engineering applications through shedding illumination on the relationship between ceramic reinforcement, the application of heat, and microstructural evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 115566"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel encapsulating exosomes inhibits NLRP3 activation to promote diabetic foot ulcer healing 包封外泌体的热敏壳聚糖水凝胶抑制NLRP3激活促进糖尿病足溃疡愈合

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115561

Xinnan Song , Chenglin Sun , Fei Meng , Xiaohong Zhang , Lixin Yang

{"title":"Thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel encapsulating exosomes inhibits NLRP3 activation to promote diabetic foot ulcer healing","authors":"Xinnan Song , Chenglin Sun , Fei Meng , Xiaohong Zhang , Lixin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigated the therapeutic potential of thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels encapsulating adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (ADMSCs-Exos) for enhancing wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Hydrogels prepared at varying concentrations were characterized for gelation behavior and structural properties, and Exos were isolated and validated through biomarker analysis. The encapsulated Exos significantly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation <em>in vitro</em>, reducing the expression of NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, and interleukin (IL)-1β. Exos also promoted macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, thereby supporting tissue repair. <em>In vivo</em>, the Hydrogel-Exo treatment group demonstrated a 90% wound healing efficiency, demonstrating a statistically significant improvement compared with the control group in DFU models (<em>P</em> < 0.0001). Mechanistic analysis revealed that Exos hindered the interaction between NLRP3, caspase-1, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), which was further confirmed by gene knockouts. This study innovatively combined a thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel with ADMSC-derived exosomes for the treatment of DFU, significantly accelerating wound healing by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and promoting M2 macrophage polarization. These findings provide new experimental evidence and a potential therapeutic strategy for the clinical application of exosomes in chronic inflammatory diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 115561"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and corresponding mechanisms of FeCoCrNiMox high-entropy alloys through regulation of the σ phase 通过σ相调控FeCoCrNiMox高熵合金的力学性能、耐蚀性及机理

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115642

Yuhang Yang , Yugang Miao , Yuyang Zhao , Ji Liu , Lei Liu , Chuanqi Liu , Yifan Wu

{"title":"Mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and corresponding mechanisms of FeCoCrNiMox high-entropy alloys through regulation of the σ phase","authors":"Yuhang Yang , Yugang Miao , Yuyang Zhao , Ji Liu , Lei Liu , Chuanqi Liu , Yifan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of Mo content on FeCoCrNiMo<sub>x</sub> (x=0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8) high-entropy alloys fabricated via plasma arc powder-directed energy deposition (PAP-DED). All alloys primarily consist of FCC solid solutions, with σ-phase precipitation increasing with Mo content. Mo addition refines grains and boosts dislocation density up to 2.5×. The alloy with x = 0.2 exhibits optimal performance: yield strength (384 ± 11 MPa), tensile strength (722 ± 12 MPa), and elongation (42.8 ± 2.7%), with strength 2.2–2.3× higher than the Mo-free alloy. Strengthening is dominated by dislocation and precipitation mechanisms. Mo<sub>0</sub>.<sub>2</sub> also shows the best corrosion resistance due to Cr-Mo-O protective oxides. Excessive Mo (x = 0.8) degrades both corrosion resistance and mechanical properties due to σ-phase formation, despite enhancing hardness and wear resistance. Wear shifts from abrasive-adhesive to mainly abrasive. This work clarifies strengthening and corrosion mechanisms under PAP-DED, guiding alloy design for additive manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 115642"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Calcium carbonate nanoplatform for remodeling the tumor microenvironment to enhance Chemo-Immunotherapeutic Synergy in breast cancer 碳酸钙纳米平台重塑肿瘤微环境，增强乳腺癌化疗免疫治疗协同作用

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115590

Nannan Zhang , Shengrong Lin , Luqian Gao , Jun Ding , Xiaohui Chen , Long Zhang , Langhai Xu , Shun Li , Xiangmin Tong

{"title":"Calcium carbonate nanoplatform for remodeling the tumor microenvironment to enhance Chemo-Immunotherapeutic Synergy in breast cancer","authors":"Nannan Zhang , Shengrong Lin , Luqian Gao , Jun Ding , Xiaohui Chen , Long Zhang , Langhai Xu , Shun Li , Xiangmin Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer immunotherapy currently represents the only promising strategy with the potential to achieve a complete cure for tumors. Enhancing tumor-specific immune responses and overcoming the immunosuppressive TME are key to improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we introduce a calcium carbonate-based nanocarrier capable of modulating the tumor microenvironment. This system is coloaded with L-arginine (L-Arg) and the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX), aiming to optimize the conventional chemoimmunotherapy approach by ameliorating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and regulating immune cell activity, thereby promoting synergistic chemoimmunotherapeutic outcomes. Specifically, DOX directly kills tumor cells and induces immunogenic cell death. Moreover, the calcium carbonate nanocarrier not only serves as a drug delivery vehicle but also neutralizes lactic acid in the tumor tissue, thereby alleviating the acidic immunosuppressive microenvironment. Furthermore, it supplies supplemental arginine within the tumor tissue to increase the activation of effector T cells. Ultimately, this strategy achieves highly efficient antitumor efficacy through the combined and synergistic actions of chemotherapy and immunotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 115590"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Angiopep-2 functionalized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanocomposite for synergistic chemo-immunotherapy in glioma through STING pathway activation Angiopep-2功能化聚乳酸-羟基乙酸纳米复合材料通过STING途径激活胶质瘤的协同化学免疫治疗

IF 7.9 2区材料科学

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115649

Guangrong Zheng , Tengfei Ke , Hong Huang , Yue Zhang , Jincui Chen , Zhiqiang Ouyang , Shasha Bao , Guanghai Fei , Haiyan Yang , Chengde Liao

{"title":"Angiopep-2 functionalized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanocomposite for synergistic chemo-immunotherapy in glioma through STING pathway activation","authors":"Guangrong Zheng , Tengfei Ke , Hong Huang , Yue Zhang , Jincui Chen , Zhiqiang Ouyang , Shasha Bao , Guanghai Fei , Haiyan Yang , Chengde Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective treatment of glioma remains challenging due to the limited permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. To address these obstacles, we develop a multifunctional nanocomposite, Ang-PMT, that enables synergistic chemo-immunotherapy by enhancing BBB penetration and amplifying activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. Ang-PMT consists of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) conjugated with angiopep-2 (Ang) and encapsulates manganese dioxide (MnO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles and triphenylphosphonium modified doxorubicin (TPP-DOX). Ang-PMT efficiently traverses the BBB via Ang-mediated transcytosis and selectively targets glioma cells through mitochondrial localization conferred by the TPP moiety. Upon exposure to intracellular glutathione, Ang-PMT rapidly degrades, releasing DOX and generating Mn<sup>2+</sup> ions that synergistically activate STING signaling and induce immunogenic cell death, thereby amplifying therapeutic efficacy. Consequently, Ang-PMT enables precise drug delivery and achieves potent synergistic inhibition of tumor growth, significantly outperforming TPP-DOX, Ang-PM, and Ang-PT treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 115649"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0