Revista de Senologia y Patologia Mamaria最新文献

{"title":"Fundamentals of artificial intelligence","authors":"Rafael Guzmán Robles","doi":"10.1016/j.senol.2025.100685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.senol.2025.100685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various industries, with healthcare being one of the most impacted sectors. This article explores the fundamentals of AI, with a specific focus on machine learning, deep learning, and generative AI. Machine learning, a subset of AI, enables systems to identify patterns in large data sets, improving over time without being explicitly programmed. Deep learning, a more advanced subfield, uses multi-layered neural networks to process complex information. The advent of generative AI, such as GPT and GANs, has expanded the potential of AI to create new content autonomously, transforming areas like drug discovery and personalized medicine. The article also addresses the ethical considerations surrounding the use of AI, particularly concerning data privacy, algorithmic bias, and equitable access to AI-driven technologies. These considerations are essential for ensuring the responsible development and implementation of AI in healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38058,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Senologia y Patologia Mamaria","volume":"38 4","pages":"Article 100685"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicción de la sobrevida global y libre de recaída en pacientes con cáncer de mama triple negativo a través de agrupaciones basadas en el aprendizaje automático sobre datos clínicos","authors":"Juan Pablo Alzate-Granados,&nbsp;Luis Fernando Niño","doi":"10.1016/j.senol.2025.100686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.senol.2025.100686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15%–20% of all breast cancers and is characterised by the absence of hormone and HER2 receptors, limiting therapeutic options to cytotoxic chemotherapy. This subtype is highly aggressive, with frequent relapses and a poor prognosis. The integration of clinical and molecular data using machine learning algorithms offers an opportunity to improve the prediction of clinical outcomes and personalise the management of this disease.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To develop predictive models to estimate overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in patients with TNBC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 4,808 patients diagnosed between 2012 and 2024. Patients were grouped using the k-prototypes algorithm for mixed data. Demographic and clinical variables, biomarkers, and clinical outcomes were analysed. Multivariate analyses and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between clusters and OS and RFS outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four clusters of patients were identified. The highest risk group (cluster 3) had the highest mortality (42.3%; HR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.63–2.30) and relapse (54.25%; HR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.45–1.95), whereas cluster 0 had the best outcomes (mortality of 22.51%). Factors such as mutations in PIK3CA (HR: 1.535; <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.001) and TP53 (HR: 1.180; <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.023) were associated with adverse outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The results support the utility of cluster-based stratification to predict outcomes and guide personalised interventions in TNBC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38058,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Senologia y Patologia Mamaria","volume":"38 4","pages":"Article 100686"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the prospective of gene therapy for the treatment of breast cancer","authors":"Ritika ,&nbsp;Sonam Rani ,&nbsp;Rishabha Malviya ,&nbsp;Shivam Rajput ,&nbsp;Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar ,&nbsp;Dinesh Kaushik","doi":"10.1016/j.senol.2025.100683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.senol.2025.100683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women and the second most common cause of death from cancer in women around the world. Local therapies, Systematic therapies and advanced systematic therapies are included in current treatment strategies. Gene therapy has become a hopeful way to treat or stop disease by changing bad genes genetically. This innovative strategy aims to replace defective genes, enhance immune defenses, or silence harmful genes. Recent advances in cancer-specific promoter systems make targeted gene treatments possible. These include using suicide genes, cancer suppressor genes, gene silencing technologies, and gene-editing techniques. Among these, CRISPR and CAR-T therapy have revolutionized genetic editing in cancer research, offering high specificity, precision, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency. This review highlights recent advancements in gene therapy targeting cancer-specific promoters, emphasizing its potential to transform BC treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38058,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Senologia y Patologia Mamaria","volume":"38 4","pages":"Article 100683"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal timing of sentinel node detection using [99mTc]Tc-phytate lymphoscintigraphy: A study of 100 breast cancer patients","authors":"Masoud Moslehi ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Elhaie ,&nbsp;Koozari Abolfazl ,&nbsp;Iraj Abedi","doi":"10.1016/j.senol.2025.100682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.senol.2025.100682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Sentinel lymph node biopsy guided by preoperative lymphoscintigraphy is an established technique for axillary staging in breast cancer. However, the optimal timing for lymphoscintigraphic imaging remains unclear. Earlier acquisition may expedite surgery while later imaging improves detection rates by allowing radiotracer transit. Defining the timeframe maximizing accuracy and minimizing burden is needed.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate optimal acquisition timings for [99mTc]Tc-Phytate lymphoscintigraphy in sentinel lymph node mapping for breast cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Hundred breast cancer patients underwent periareolar injection of 1–2 mCi [99mTc]Tc-Phytate and lymphoscintigraphy at 5,10, 30, 60 and 120 min post-injection. Lymph node visualization was assessed by experienced nuclear medicine physicians based on retrospective review of scintigraphy images. Descriptive statistics characterized patient demographics and time to sentinel lymph node detection. Correlation analyses evaluated relationships between visualization parameters and factors such as age, sex and surgical history.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Lymph nodes were typically visible within 10 min (median). Regression found no significant predictors of prolonged transit time among age, sex, surgical history. Age is not a statistically significant predictor of node visualization (<em>p</em> = 0.129). Also sex and surgery history are not significant predictors of longer time (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sentinel lymph node biopsy guided by lymphoscintigraphy is an important technique for axillary staging in breast cancer. Standardizing acquisition timing could optimize the accuracy and efficiency of lymphoscintigraphy for axillary staging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38058,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Senologia y Patologia Mamaria","volume":"38 3","pages":"Article 100682"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrepancy of PD1/ PD-L1 status between primary and metastatic triple negative breast cancer in diagnostic biopsies","authors":"Manar Moustafa,&nbsp;Basma Hamed Ibrahim","doi":"10.1016/j.senol.2025.100680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.senol.2025.100680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The evaluation of programmed death protein-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has become routine for accurate decisions regarding immune checkpoint therapy. The aim of our paper was to analyze whether the PD-L1 evaluated in biopsy specimens accurately reflects its expression in the whole tumor and paired metastases in TNBC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Immunohistochemistry was applied on 66 biopsy and resection specimens from TNBC cases and matched metastasis to determine PD-L1 status. PD-L1 was evaluated using 4 scoring methods immune cell (IC) and tumor cell (TC) with a 1% as the cutoff value, and combined positive scores (CPSs) with a 1% and 10% as the cutoff value.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 66 TNBC patients show a statistically significant PDL1 IC positive expression with unfavorable prognostic factors. PD-L1 was positive in IC more than TC in biopsy specimen and in surgical specimen. The overall concordance between biopsies and surgical specimens at IC score was 55.2%, at CPS 1% it was 65.2%, and at CPS 10 it was 68.2%. The pooled discordance rate varied according to the cells that expressed PD-L1: A total of 37.9% of cases had discordant primary/metastatic PD-L1 status when it was assessed on immune cells, 31.8% when it was assessed on tumor cells, and 28.8% when it was assessed by CPS &gt; 10%</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Misclassifying TNBC patients as PD-L1-negative at biopsy can lead to disqualification from anti-PD-L1 therapy. PD-L1 status conversion occurs frequently between primary tumor and metastases, emphasizing the need for multiple biopsies, adequate tissue sampling, additional tests, and standardization in immunotherapy selection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38058,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Senologia y Patologia Mamaria","volume":"38 3","pages":"Article 100680"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La nueva edad del hombre, la edad del hombre-máquina, en la enfermedad mamaria","authors":"Eduardo Alcobilla-Ferrara","doi":"10.1016/j.senol.2025.100679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.senol.2025.100679","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38058,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Senologia y Patologia Mamaria","volume":"38 2","pages":"Article 100679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Their Relationship with Breast Cancer Biomarkers CA15-3 and CEA: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Zineb Sakhi,&nbsp;Kawtar Nabil,&nbsp;Kaoutar Anouar Tadlaoui,&nbsp;Moulay Mustapha Ennaji","doi":"10.1016/j.senol.2025.100678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.senol.2025.100678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent and often overlooked, especially in countries like Morocco. Concurrently, breast cancer remains the most common cancer among women globally. Recent interest has focused on the link between vitamin D levels and breast cancer development. This study aims to examine the relationship between serum levels of breast cancer biomarkers and vitamin D status in Moroccan women, while exploring associations with clinicopathological features.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 116 Moroccan women. The vitamin D status and serum levels of CA15-3 and CEA were evaluated by Competitive Immunoassay Technique with End-Point Fluorescence Detection (ELFA) and Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMI). Statistical analyses evaluated the associations between vitamin D status and breast cancer risk, with a particular focus on comparing CA15-3 and CEA levels between vitamin D-deficient and non-deficient patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with elevated CA15-3 levels (<em>p</em> = 0.041), with all patients showing elevated CA15-3 being vitamin D deficient. However, no significant correlation was identified between vitamin D levels and CEA (<em>p</em> = 0.221). In vitamin D-deficient patients, a negative correlation was observed between vitamin D and CA15-3 levels (r = −<!--> <!-->0.244, <em>p</em> = 0.017), suggesting that lower vitamin D levels may contribute to higher CA15-3 concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings highlight that a significant association was observed between CA15-3 levels (abnormal ≥<!--> <!-->30 U/mL) and vitamin D status (<em>p</em> = 0.041), but the logistic regression model did not confirm this association. This suggests that additional factors may influence this association, and further studies are needed to confirm these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38058,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Senologia y Patologia Mamaria","volume":"38 3","pages":"Article 100678"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of artificial intelligence integrating multi-omics in breast cancer","authors":"Raquel Gómez-Bravo ,&nbsp;Benjamín Walbaum ,&nbsp;Elia Segui ,&nbsp;Montserrat Muñoz","doi":"10.1016/j.senol.2025.100677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.senol.2025.100677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In an era of precision oncology, genomic testing plays a crucial role in the management of breast cancer. A variety of complex techniques for germline, somatic, and gene expression testing are routinely used as part of our clinical practice. However, challenges remain in both interpreting genomic data and in the ever-expanding breadth of available tumor information. Artificial intelligence (AI), specifically machine learning and deep learning models, can create and facilitate the interpretation of complex genetic data, predict patient outcomes, and personalize treatment plans. Herein, we present a review of the current role of AI integrating multi-omics in BC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38058,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Senologia y Patologia Mamaria","volume":"38 3","pages":"Article 100677"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of AI and virtual environments in the Future Breast Unit","authors":"Rogelio Andrés-Luna ,&nbsp;Josep Salvador López ,&nbsp;Pedro Gouveia","doi":"10.1016/j.senol.2024.100661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.senol.2024.100661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) has offered significant advances in medicine from its beginnings, with expert systems that complemented decision-making, to its current use, present in many applications where we are not fully aware. In this article, we are going to review and analyse different real uses of AI, which will enable us to correctly frame the vectors of present and future applications. From those already known in management, assistance in decision-making, radiomics, or pathomics to more recent ones such as virtual and augmented reality, remote monitoring, or the prediction of morphological results after surgery. Over time, the development of machine learning algorithms and the exponential increase of available health data will allow AI to provide more accurate and personalised diagnoses, development of new therapies and drugs, significantly reducing research and testing times. For this to be possible, greater communication and cooperation between healthcare professionals and the world of engineering will be necessary, starting in the educational field where there is a need to train professionals in engineering and biomedicine capable of tackling challenges with a complete vision, thus reducing the wall of technical understanding and deepening the development of useful applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38058,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Senologia y Patologia Mamaria","volume":"38 2","pages":"Article 100661"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cáncer de mama en mujeres mayores de 80 años: tratamiento primario","authors":"Leyre Marco Sanz,&nbsp;Sara del Olmo Bautista,&nbsp;Henar Sánchez Quirós,&nbsp;Yolanda Pérez Martínez,&nbsp;Sergio Gutiérrez García,&nbsp;Verónica Palomo Cabañes,&nbsp;Marta Robles Gaitero,&nbsp;María Purificación Martínez del Val,&nbsp;Teodora Alonso Gutiérrez,&nbsp;Modesto Rey Novoa","doi":"10.1016/j.senol.2025.100666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.senol.2025.100666","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objetivo&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;analizar el tipo de tratamiento primario que reciben pacientes mayores de 80 años en un intervalo de 6 años.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Material y método&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;se ha realizado un estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes mayores de 80 años diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama, de 2017 a 2022. Se recogieron datos sobre el tipo de tratamiento, cirugía, características histológicas, estadio y calidad de vida.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Resultados&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;se obtuvieron datos de un total de 188 pacientes. Edad media de 85 años. El 38,3% eran dependientes para actividades básicas de la vida diaria. Un 73,4% presentaban positividad para receptores estrogénicos y HER2 negativo. Un 75,5% recibió cirugía como tratamiento primario, un 11,1% recibió hormonoterapia, un 3,1% tratamiento con quimioterapia y un 10,1% no recibieron ningún tipo de tratamiento. El 22,3% se encontraban en estadio I. El 13,2% fueron diagnosticadas en estadio avanzado. A un 33,5% se le realizó una biopsia selectiva de ganglio centinela (BSGC).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusiones&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;según nuestros datos analizados, existe un considerable número de pacientes que han recibido un tratamiento primario más agresivo (mastectomía y BSGC) sin beneficios en la supervivencia general a pesar de que, actualmente, existen datos que apoyan que la omisión de la evaluación axilar quirúrgica o, incluso, la radioterapia después de cirugía conservadora, no afecta la supervivencia general en mujeres de 70 años o más con enfermedad en estadio clínico temprano, receptor hormonal positivo y HER2 negativo.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Analyzing the type of primary treatment that patients aged over 80 years receive within a 6-year interval.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Materials and method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;An observational retrospective study was conducted in patients aged over 80 years who were diagnosed with breast cancer between 2017 to 2022. Data were collected on the type of primary treatment, surgery, histological characteristics of tumors, stage and quality of life.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Information was taken from 188 patients. The average age was 85 years old. A 38,3% were dependent for Basic Activities of Daily Living, 73,4% tested positive for estrogen receptors and negative HER2, 75,5% underwent surgery as primary treatment, 11,1% received hormone therapy, 3,1% received chemotherapy treatment, and 10,1% did not undergo any type of treatment; 22,3% of patients were in stage I. A 13,2% were diagnosed at an advanced stage, and 33,5% underwent selective sentinel lymph node biopsy (SSNB).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusión&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;According to our analyzed data, there is a considerable number of patients who have undergone a more aggressive primary treatment (mastectomy and SSNB) without benefits in overall survival, despite evidence supporting that omitting surgical axillary evaluation or even radiotherapy after conservative surgery does not affect overall survival in women a","PeriodicalId":38058,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Senologia y Patologia Mamaria","volume":"38 3","pages":"Article 100666"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143299284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}