Parasite Epidemiology and Control最新文献

{"title":"An update on Leishmania martiniquensis infections: Transmission, clinical characteristics, and treatment","authors":"Somayyeh Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Maryam Hataminejad ,&nbsp;Bahman Rahimi Esboei ,&nbsp;Seyed Abdollah Hosseini ,&nbsp;Mahdi Fakhar","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leishmaniasis, caused by intracellular protozoa of the <em>Leishmania</em> genus, continues to be a global health issue, with approximately 700,000 to 1 million new cases occur annually worldwide. The disease is transmitted via the bite of infected female sand flies of the genus <em>Phlebotomus</em>, resulting in a range of symptoms known as cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis. The species <em>Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis</em>, discovered in 1995, has been linked to cases in individuals with HIV, presenting with diverse clinical pictures. Interestingly, biting midges, not sandflies, has proved to serve as its potentially biological vector. This study focuses on understanding the transmission, clinical aspects, and effective treatment of L. <em>martiniquensis</em> infections.</div><div>A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify relevant published papers on the epidemiology, transmission, clinical characteristics, and treatment of L. <em>martiniquensis</em> up to August 2024. The clinical manifestations encompass localized cutaneous leishmaniasis, disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, and visceral leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis is associated with comorbidities such as inadequate nutrition, population displacement, and reduced immunity. Risk factors for <em>Leishmania</em> infection include the presence of domestic animals, age, gender, and environmental factors. Amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmB) is the main treatment. Combination therapy with allicin and andrographolide may reduce AmB side effects. Recent research investigates other treatments including 8-hydroxyquinoline, which works synergistically with AmB against L. <em>martiniquensis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e00386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology, risk factors and vector density of trypanosomosis in cattle in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Melkie Dagnaw Fenta ,&nbsp;Atsede Solomon Mebratu ,&nbsp;Kalkidan Getnet ,&nbsp;Moges Maru ,&nbsp;Bemrew Admassu Mengistu","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bovine trypanosomosis remains a major barrier to livestock productivity, agricultural progress, and socioeconomic development in Ethiopia's large tsetse belt regions, threatening 70 million cattle. Therefore, this review examined published literature from the last ten years to estimate the pooled prevalence, risk factors, and vector density of bovine trypanosomosis. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, using PubMed, Web of Science, HINARI, Google, and Google Scholar. Pooled prevalence and risk factors were calculated with a random effects model in R software, with a 95 % confidence interval. This meta-analysis included research published after 2015 on trypanosomosis in Ethiopian cattle, where <em>Trypanosoma</em> was classified at least to the genus level. Studies on other species, lacking specific prevalence data and published before 2015 were excluded.</div></div><div><h3><strong>Result</strong>s</h3><div>A total of 26 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled proportion of bovine Trypanosomosis cases was 9 % (95 % CI: 8–9 %). Considerable heterogeneity was observed across the included studies (I² = 94 %; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). The highest pooled prevalence of trypanosomosis was reported in Amhara and Oromia (8 %), followed by Benishangul Gumuz (BSGR) (7 %). Based on the subspecies analysis, the highest pooled proportion was 65 % (95 % CI: 58 %–71 %) for <em>T. congolense</em> (I² = 81 %: <em>p</em> = 0.01), followed by 32 % for <em>T. vivax</em> (I² = 60 %: <em>P</em> = 0.61) and 19 % for <em>T. brucei</em> (95 % CI: 7 %–41 %). Among the risk factors, poor body condition, black coat color, and packed cell volume (PCV) were found to be significant for the development of this disease. Black-coated animals were 2.36 and 3.48 times more susceptible to trypanosomosis than red- and white-coated animals, respectively. According to the pooled odds ratio, animals in poor body condition were 2.82 times more likely to have bovine trypanosomosis. Animals infected with <em>Trypanosoma</em> were 18 times more likely to have a lower packed cell volume (PCV) compared to non-infected animals. The study found that Tsetse flies were responsible for 72.32 % of bovine trypanosomosis cases, with <em>Glossina pallidipes</em> and <em>Glossina tachinoides</em> being the most common species. The remaining 27.68 % were due to other biting insects. The study highlights the need for science-based risk mitigation strategies to control <em>Trypanosoma</em> infections, emphasizing the crucial role of Tsetse flies, particularly <em>G. pallidipes</em> and <em>G. tachinoides</em>, in transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e00388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and likelihood of asymptomatic malaria among community dwellers in the Fanteakwa south district of Ghana","authors":"Enoch Aninagyei ,&nbsp;David Adedia ,&nbsp;Gifty Larbi ,&nbsp;Stella Omane Acheampong ,&nbsp;Margaret Nyarko ,&nbsp;George Abeiku Abbew ,&nbsp;Isaac Tuwarlba ,&nbsp;Desmond Omane Acheampong","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Data on the asymptomatic burden of malaria in endemic areas is essential for Ghana's malaria elimination efforts. Consequently, the situation of asymptomatic malaria in the Fanteakwa South District (FSD) is determined in this study. The FSD is predominantly forested with more rural than peri-urban communities. Additionally, artisanal mining is prevalent in the district. Despite that the forgoing could promote high incidence of malaria, the burden of asymptomatic malaria and associated factors in the district have never been determined.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four randomly selected communities in the FSD in the Eastern region of Ghana. The participating households were systematically selected, of which one household member was randomly enrolled in the study. With prior consent, 2 mL of whole blood was collected from the participants. Subsequently, the study variables were obtained from the enrolees using a structured questionnaire. The malaria status of the enrolled participants was determined using the CareStart™ malaria rapid diagnostic test kit (mRDT) (USA). The multiple logistic regression model was used to fit the model to predict the groups at risk of <em>P. falciparum</em> infection in the district.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In total, 412 study participants were enrolled. The overall prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in the district was 43.4 % (179/412). The prevalence rate was 36.9 %, 27.7 %, 50 % and 58.8 % (&lt;0.001) respectively for the Dwenase, Bosusu, Nsutam and Osino communities. Living at Bosusu (<em>p</em> = 0.045, AOR = 0.23, 95 % CI: 0.05–0.96), Dwenase (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, AOR = 0.12, 95 % CI: 0.04–0.30) and Nsutam (p &lt; 0.001, AOR = 0.19, 95 % CI: 0.08–0.45) were less likely to contract malaria compared to Osino dwellers. Furthermore, pregnant women (<em>p</em> = 0.024, COR = 0.35, 95 % CI: 0.14–0.9) and individuals who do not share mosquito nets with others (<em>p</em> = 0.017, COR = 0.47, 95 % CI: 0.25–0.88) were less likely to contract malaria. Moreover, being an adolescent (<em>p</em> = 0.048, COR = 1.93, 95 % CI: 1.00–3.73), living in mining communities (<em>p</em> = 0.002, COR = 1.97, 95 % CI: 1.27–3.05), being nocturnally active (<em>p</em> = 0.001, AOR = 4.64, 95 % CI: 1.97–11.31), living in a medium quality house (<em>p</em> = 0.031, AOR = 2.31, 95 % CI: 1.09–5.00), schooling in the district (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and body temperature above &gt;37.5 °C (&lt;0.001), were predictors of asymptomatic malaria.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The burden of asymptomatic malaria is high in the Fanteakwa South district. In this context, the implementation of the ‘mass strategy’ recommended by the World Health Organization will play a key role in eliminating malaria in the district.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e00378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000424/pdfft?md5=e435333c814dbb15d8bf056b357e76b9&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673124000424-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urogenital schistosomiasis among school children in northwestern Tanzania: Prevalence, intensity of infection, associated factors, and pattern of urinary tract morbidities","authors":"Nyanda C. Justine ,&nbsp;Titus R. Leeyio ,&nbsp;Antje Fuss ,&nbsp;Klaus Brehm ,&nbsp;Humphrey D. Mazigo ,&nbsp;Andreas Mueller","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00380","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The planning and implementation of intervention measures against schistosomiasis, particularly mass administration, require knowledge of the current status of the infection. This is important for monitoring the impact of the intervention on disease indicators such as a decline in infection prevalence, intensity of infection, and urogenital morbidities. Following repeated rounds of mass treatment in northwestern Tanzania, the epidemiology of urogenital schistosomiasis has changed; thus, for the effective planning and allocation of resources, it is important to understand the current status of the disease in the targeted groups. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence, intensity, and associated factors of &lt;em&gt;Schistosoma haematobium&lt;/em&gt; infection and urinary tract morbidities in school-aged children from northwestern Tanzania.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Materials and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among schoolchildren aged 5–17 years between November and December 2022. A single urine sample was collected from each child and examined for the presence of &lt;em&gt;S. haematobium&lt;/em&gt; eggs and microhaematuria using a urine filtration technique and a urine reagent dipstick. Each child underwent an ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract according to the World Health Organization standards (Niamey protocol) to detect &lt;em&gt;S. haematobium-related&lt;/em&gt; morbidities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Of the 3225 participants, 54.2 % were female, and the mean age was 10.9 (±1.89) years. The overall prevalence of &lt;em&gt;S. haematobium&lt;/em&gt; was 17.7 % (95 % CI: 16.4–19.1, 572/3225). Of the 572 infected children, 81.8 % (95 % CI: 78.4–84.9, 468/572) had light-intensity infections, and 18.2 % (95 % CI: 14.9–21.4, 104/572) had heavy-intensity infections. The prevalence of macro- and microhaematuria was 2.4 % (95 % CI: 1.9–3) and 18.5 % (95 % CI: 17.2–19.8), respectively. Age (aOR: 1.2, 95 % CI: 1.0–1.5), district of residence (aOR: 2.1, 95 % CI: 1.7–2.7) and history of schistosomiasis (aOR: 2.5, 95 % CI: 1.9–3.2) were significantly associated with urinary schistosomiasis infection. However, swallowing praziquantel during the last mass drug administration was protective (aOR 0.6, 95 % CI: 0.4–0.8). The overall prevalence of ultrasound-detectable urinary tract abnormalities was 9.9 % (95 % CI: 8.9–11.1, 299/2994) and included urinary bladder abnormalities in 9.9 % (95 % CI: 8.8–11, 297/2994), ureter abnormalities in 0.2 % (95 % CI: 0.07–0.4, 6/2994), and kidney abnormalities in 0.2 % (95 % CI: 0.09–0.4, 7/2994). Calcification of the urinary bladder was observed in 0.9 % (95 % CI: 0.6–1.3, 29/2994) of the examined children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Schistosoma haematobium&lt;/em&gt; infection is still prevalent among schoolchildren in the study setting, and it causes substantial morbidity at an early age. Transmission is driven by the age of the child, district of resi","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e00380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000448/pdfft?md5=aa8527aed4d10ff6c0882edc11242e65&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673124000448-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142162119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of jittering DHS cluster locations on geostatistical model-based estimates of malaria risk in Cameroon","authors":"Salomon G. Massoda Tonye ,&nbsp;Romain Wounang ,&nbsp;Celestin Kouambeng ,&nbsp;Penelope Vounatsou","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In low-and-middle income countries, national representative household surveys such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the Malaria Indicator Surveys (MIS) are routinely carried out to assess the malaria risk and the coverage of related interventions. A two-stage sampling design was used to identify clusters and households within each cluster. To ensure confidentiality, DHS made the data available after jittering (displacement) of the geographical coordinates of the clusters, shifting their original locations within a radius of 10 km. Our study assessed the influence of jittering on the estimates of the geographical distribution of malaria risk and on the effects of malaria control interventions using data from the latest MIS in Cameroon.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We generated one hundred datasets by jittering the original MIS data. For each dataset, climatic factors were extracted at the jittered locations and Bayesian geostatistical variable selection was applied to identify the most important climatic predictors and malaria intervention coverage indicators. The models were adjusted for potential confounding effects of socio-economic factors. Bayesian kriging based on the selected models was used to estimate the geographical distribution of malaria risk. The influence of jittering was analysed using results of the variable selection and the Bayesian credible intervals of the regression coefficients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Geostatistical variable selection was sensitive to jittering. Among the important predictors identified in the true data, distance to water bodies and presence of forest were mostly influenced by the jittering. Altitude and vegetation index were the least affected predictors. The various sets of selected environmental factors were able to capture the main spatial patterns of the disease risk, but the jittering increased the prediction error. The parameter estimates of the effects of socio-economic factors and intervention indicators were relatively stable in the simulated data.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In Cameroon, the malaria risk estimates obtained from the jittered data were comparable to the ones generated using the true locations; however, jittering modified our interpretation of the relationship between environmental predictors and malaria transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e00397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological survey of two morphotypes of Demodex folliculorum (Prostigmata: Demodicidade) in young people from southern Spain","authors":"F.J. Márquez ,&nbsp;A.J. López-Montoya ,&nbsp;S. Sánchez-Carrión ,&nbsp;I. Dimov ,&nbsp;M. de Rojas","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Different morphotypes of <em>Demodex</em> from humans have been described. Among them, molecular studies have made it possible to discern between the <em>Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis</em>. Further studies showed two morphotypes of <em>D. folliculorum</em> harboured two different habits (human skin and human eyelashes), both of them with finger-shaped terminal opisthosoma difficult to differentiate and that can be assigned to <em>D. folliculorum,</em></div><div>Thus, a complete morphometric study of the species, which in this study are referred to as <em>Demodex folliculorum</em> species complex, was carried out. From this morphometric and meristic study two distinct morphological forms (short and long) could be identified within the <em>Demodex folliculorum</em> species complex. These forms differ significantly in four out of the six biometric parameters we analysed: gnathosomal length and width, podosomal width, and opisthosomal length. Moreover, a comprehensive survey of the two morphotypes from different habitats (skin and eyelashes), was carried out in young people of Southern Spain. Therefore, an analysis of 104 asymptomatic students, which were contact lens wearers, and the presence of <em>D. folliculorum</em> was carried out. A statistical analysis based on Bayesian zero inflated Poisson GLM has been applied to our sample data. For the age group considered (18–24 years old), the overall <em>D. folliculorum</em> prevalence for skin face or eye infections (at least one of them) was 19.31 % (51 people), with a statistically significant higher prevalence in <del>males</del> men. Furthermore, there is a slight statistical correlation between the presence of <em>Demodex</em> in silicone hydrogel soft contact lens wearers<em>.</em> This study confirms: i) the existence of two morphotypes of <em>D. folliculorum</em> that appear segregated due to the parasitization microhabitats,ii) a higher prevalence of mites in men than in women, iii) the existence of a high number of statistically supported double infections (skin-eyelashes). It also provides epidemiological data on the prevalence of long and short forms of <em>D. folliculorum</em> in a healthy young population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e00381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of Leishmania DNA in wild-caught sand flies, Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia spp. in northern Iran","authors":"Seyed Hassan Nikookar ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Akbari ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Oshaghi ,&nbsp;Nasibeh Hosseini-Vasoukolaei ,&nbsp;Ahmadali Enayati ,&nbsp;Farzad Motevalli-Haghi ,&nbsp;Mahdi Fakhar","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leishmaniasis is currently considered a major health problem in Iran, posing an increasing threat to society's development in various dimensions. This study aimed to detect <em>Leishmania</em> infection in wild-caught sand flies in Sari City, northern Iran. Sand flies were collected using sticky traps, and <em>Leishmania</em> DNA was identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the ITS2-rDNA region, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. A total of 138 female sand flies were tested, among which, only 1 specimen of <em>Ph. papatasi</em> (11.11 %) and <em>Ph</em>. <em>major</em> (14.28 %), 4 specimens of <em>Ph. kandelakii</em> (7.27 %) and <em>Se. dentata</em> (8.33 %), and 2 specimens of <em>Se. sintoni</em> (50 %) were naturally infected with <em>L.</em> (<em>L</em>.) <em>major</em>. This was observed in the ITS2 nested-PCR amplification assays where a ∼ 245 bp PCR band was produced. Also, RFLP analysis by <em>Mnl1</em> revealed the fragments of 55 and 70 and 120 bp for infected sand flies which are characteristic of <em>L</em>. (<em>L</em>.) <em>major</em>. Most of the sand flies were unfed, collected during warm season, found indoor. This study reperesents the first molecular detection of <em>L</em>. (<em>L</em>.) <em>major</em> in wild-caught sand flies, specifically in <em>Ph. papatasi</em> in this region, as well as <em>Ph. kandelakii</em> and <em>Ph. major</em> in Iran and even the world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e00395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of soil-transmitted helminth infections among schoolchildren in Mekan Eyesus town, northwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Yohannes Andargie ,&nbsp;Amir Alelign ,&nbsp;Zinaye Tekeste","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Little attention has been paid to determining the prevalence and associated factors of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in some developing countries. This study was, therefore, carried out to determine the prevalence and associated factors of STH infections among schoolchildren attending three primary schools in Mekane Eyesus town, northwestern Ethiopia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2023 in Mekane Eyesus town. Stool samples were collected from 401 children from three primary schools in the town. Wet-mount and formol ether concentration techniques were used to diagnose stool samples, and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors for STH infections.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The overall prevalence of STH infection in this study was 18.2 % (73/401). The most common helminth species detected was <em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em> (<em>A. lumbricoides</em>) (7.5 % (30/401)). Not trimming fingernails regularly (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.75, 95 % CI = 1.87–7.50), having illiterate fathers (AOR = 2.29, 95 % CI = 1.18–4.44), and being aged 15–17 years (AOR = 2.37, 95 % CI = 1.06–5.30) were associated with increased odds of STH infection. Children who wash their hands after defecation (AOR = 0.43, 95 % CI = 0.21–0.88) and those whose mothers were housewives (AOR = 0.22, 95 % CI = 0.08–0.58) had lower odds of STH infection.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study found a high prevalence of STH infection among schoolchildren in Mekane Eyesus town. Thus, STH infection preventive measures, including deworming of schoolchildren, should be implemented in the study area. Moreover, giving health-related knowledge about STH infection prevention strategies, such as regular fingernail trimming and hand washing after defecating, is vital for reducing the prevalence of STH infections in the study area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e00379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000436/pdfft?md5=6c18a21754c349aebc563f654887a041&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673124000436-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species richness and abundance of wild tsetse flies collected from selected human-wildlife-livestock interface in Tanzania","authors":"Filbert E. Mdee ,&nbsp;Venance T. Msoffe ,&nbsp;Eliakunda M. Mafie ,&nbsp;Ladslaus L. Mnyone","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The successful control of tsetse flies largely depends on understanding of the species available and abundance. This study assessed the species richness, abundance and apparent density of wild collected tsetse flies from selected human-wildlife-livestock interface in Tanzania. Seasonal trapping using baited NZI, Pyramidal and Biconical traps was done across selected wards. Traps were set at 200 m apart, emptied after every 24 h then rotated to the next sites after 72 h. Collected flies were identified morphologically and letter confirmed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Only two <em>Glossina</em> species; <em>Glossina pallidipes</em> (<em>n</em> = 371; 47.32 %) and <em>Glossina morsitans morsitans</em> (<em>n</em> = 413; 52.68 %) were identified. Among them, 96 flies (80 Female, 16 Male) were blood fed; 57(48 Female and 9 Male) <em>G. pallidipes</em> and 39(32 Female and 7 Male) <em>G.m. morsitans</em>. Tsetse fly abundance varied across wards (χ² = 4.597, df = 1, <em>p</em> = 0.032), villages (χ² = 9.491, df = 3, <em>p</em> = 0.023), habitats (χ² = 17.239, df = 2, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), months (χ² = 13.507, df = 3, <em>p</em> = 0.004) and deployed traps (χ² = 6.348, df = 2, <em>p</em> = 0.04). About 78.82 % of the total catch occurred in Kisaki ward (<em>n</em> = 618; p &lt; 0.001) and 21.17 % (<em>n</em> = 166; p = 0.032) in Bwakila chini. Similarly, 62.37 % of the catch occurred in Mbojoge village. NZI traps (<em>n</em> = 422; 54 %; 4.98 FTD) were most successful traps. Moreover, 78.06 % of the catch occurred in bushed grassland habitat (<em>n</em> = 612; 55.41 FTD) while 5.48 % in farmland (<em>n</em> = 43; 7.17 FTD). This study recommends NZI and Pyramidal traps for tsetse flies control at the interface and proposes wet season as appropriate time for successful trapping of the flies. Finally, it attracts a need for assessing tsetse flies' blood meal sources and the infection status to establish the prevalence to inform existing trypanosome control programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e00389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resurgence of scabies in Italy: The new life of an old disease","authors":"Antonio Laganà ,&nbsp;Ilaria Saia ,&nbsp;Giovanni Genovese ,&nbsp;Giuseppa Visalli ,&nbsp;Giuseppa D'Andrea ,&nbsp;Salvatore Sidoti ,&nbsp;Angela Di Pietro ,&nbsp;Alessio Facciolà","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scabies, an old parasitic disease with a worldwide presence, has witnessed a recent resurgence in many parts of the world even in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a study on this resurgence in the Italian province of Messina, Sicily, evaluating the general features of affected people to better understand the possible modes of transmission. Specifically, we considered all the scabies notifications made in the period 2003–2022. Then, we focused on those cases occurred in the three-years period 2020–2022 carrying out an active surveillance by calling patients and asking them questions about their recent habits and movements and their consequent chances of contracting the disease. In total, 935 cases of scabies were reported from 2003 to 2022, with a remarkable increase between 2020 and 2022, when 288 cases were reported. Of these patients, we were able to reach by phone 240 (83.3 %) and interview them. Students were the most affected group (24.1 %), followed by retirees (21.0 %) and healthcare workers (13.2 %). Unfortunately, concerning the possible mode of transmission, more than half (58.5 %) of patients were not able to understand the real source of their infection. When known, the most common ways of transmission were a familiar origin (10.7 %) followed by causes linked to health environments (nursing home stays and hospital admissions). Moreover, 66.9 % of all the reported cases were part of an outbreak. Larger outbreaks occurred in healthcare facilities for more than half of the cases (69.4 %), the majority of which (88.9 %) were in nursing homes. Our research confirms the resurgence of scabies in our territory similar to trends in other European countries. Some critical factors, including the COVID-19 pandemic, probably played a key role in influencing this epidemiological trend and showed the importance of always monitoring the epidemiology of all notifiable diseases to enable prompt action by competent authorities to limit their spread to the community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e00392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}