Parasite Epidemiology and Control最新文献

{"title":"Morbidity hotspot surveillance: A novel approach to detect lymphatic filariasis transmission in non-endemic areas of the Tillabéry region of Niger","authors":"Xavier Badia-Rius ,&nbsp;Salissou Adamou ,&nbsp;Mark J. Taylor ,&nbsp;Louise A. Kelly-Hope","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Niger Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) Programme is making good progress towards the elimination goal and scaling up morbidity management and disability prevention (MMDP) activities. Clinical case mapping and the increased availability of services has prompted patients to come forward in both endemic and non-endemic districts. The latter included Filingué, Baleyara and Abala districts of the Tillabéry region, and in 2019, 315 patients were found during a follow-up active case finding activity, suggesting it may have low transmission.</p><p>The aim of this study was to assess the endemicity status in areas reporting clinical cases, ‘morbidity hotspots’, in three non-endemic districts of the Tillabéry region. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 12 villages in June 2021. Filarial antigen was detected using the rapid Filariasis Test Strip (FTS) diagnostic, and information obtained on gender, age, residency length, bed net ownership and usage, and presence of hydrocoele and/or lymphoedema. Data were summarised and mapped using QGIS software.</p><p>A total of 4058 participants between 5 and 105 years old were surveyed, with 29 (0.7%) participants found to be FTS positive. Baleyara district had significantly higher FTS positive rates than the other districts. No significant differences were found by gender (male 0.8%; female 0.6%), age group (&lt;26 years 0.7%; ≥26 years 0. 7%), and residency length (&lt;5 years 0.7%; ≥5 years 0.7%). Three villages reported no infections; seven villages &lt;1%, one village 1.1% and one village 4.1%, which was on the border of an endemic district. Bed net ownership (99.2%) and usage (92.6%) was very high and there was no significant difference between FTS infection rates.</p><p>The results indicate that there are low levels of transmission in populations, including children, living in districts previously classified as non-endemic. This has implications for the Niger LF programme in terms of delivering targeted mass drug administration (MDA) in transmission hotspots, and MMDP services, including hydrocoele surgery to patients. The use of morbidity data may be a practical proxy to trigger mapping of ongoing transmission in low endemic areas. Continued efforts to study morbidity hotspots, post-validation transmission, cross-border and cross-district endemicity are needed to meet the WHO NTD 2030 roadmap targets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a6/74/main.PMC10149363.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9411894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a fifth round of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children aged 5–14 years in Dangassa, an area of long transmission in Mali","authors":"Drissa Konate ,&nbsp;Sory I. Diawara ,&nbsp;Nafomon Sogoba ,&nbsp;Jeffrey G. Shaffer ,&nbsp;Bourama Keita ,&nbsp;Abdourhamane Cisse ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Sanogo ,&nbsp;Ilo Dicko ,&nbsp;Merepen dite Agnes Guindo ,&nbsp;Saidou Balam ,&nbsp;Abdouramane Traore ,&nbsp;Salimata Kante ,&nbsp;Assitan Dembele ,&nbsp;Fatoumata Kasse ,&nbsp;Larissa Denou ,&nbsp;Seidina A.S. Diakite ,&nbsp;Karim Traore ,&nbsp;Sidibe M'Baye Thiam ,&nbsp;Vincent Sanogo ,&nbsp;Mahamoudou Toure ,&nbsp;Mahamadou Diakite","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite a significant reduction in the burden of malaria in children under five years-old, the efficient implementation of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) at large scale remains a major concern in areas with long malaria transmission. Low coverage rate in the unattainable areas during the rainy season, a shift in the risk of malaria to older children and the rebound in malaria incidence after stopping drug administration are mainly reported in these areas. These gaps represent a major challenge in the efficient implementation of SMC measures. An open randomized study was conducted to assess the effect of a fifth additional round to current regime of SMC in older children living in Dangassa, a rural malaria endemic area. Poisson regression Model was used to estimate the reduction in malaria incidence in the intervention group compared to the control group including age groups (5–9 and 10–14 years) and the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs; Yes or No) with a threshold at 5%. Overall, a downward trend in participation rate was observed from August (94.3%) to November (87.2%). In November (round 4), the risk of malaria incidence was similar in both groups (IRR = 0.66, 95%CI [0.35–1.22]). In December (round 5), a decrease of 51% in malaria incidence was observed in intervention group compared to control group adjusted for age groups and the use of LLINs (IRR = 0.49, 95%CI [0.26–0.94]), of which 17% of reduction is attributable to the 5th round in the intervention group. An additional fifth round of SMC resulted in a significant reduction of malaria incidence in the intervention group. The number of SMC rounds could be adapted to the local condition of malaria transmission.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/12/bb/main.PMC9871299.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10217398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and trypanosome species distribution in Jimma Horo district, Oromia regional state, Western Ethiopia","authors":"Degneh Efrem ,&nbsp;Tesfu Kassa ,&nbsp;Nigatu Kebede ,&nbsp;Tesfaye Worku","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in rainy (June 2019) and dry (February 2020) seasons in Jimma Horoo district, Kellem Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. A total of 720 blood samples were examined using buffy coat and thin blood smear techniques. The packed cell volume (PCV) of each animal was determined. The overall bovine trypanosomosis prevalence was 4.3% (χ² = 1.25, <em>P</em> = 0.26). The prevalence was 5% (95% CI = 4.1–8.3) and 3.3% (95% CI = 2.7–6.3) in the dry and rainy reasons, respectively (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). <em>Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax</em> and <em>T. b. brucei</em> were detected in (60%), (33.3%) and (6.7%) of infected cattle, respectively. The highest trypanosome prevalence was observed in Burka Gudina (7.6%), and the lowest in Melka Nega village (2.1%). There were significant variations between trypanosome prevalence in relation to body condition scores (χ² = 23.16; <em>P</em> = 0.0.00) of examined cattle. No significant difference (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) was observed between seasons, age, and sex categories of cattle. The PCV values of trypanosome infected (22.94%) was significantly lower than non-infected cattle (26.47%) (χ² = 19.60; (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in Jimma Horo district was low and it can be controlled by treatment of infected cattle using sanative pairs of trypanocidal drugs with additional application of deltamethrin pour-on in the dry season. Further, in view of poor sensitivity of buffy coat technique used the use of molecular techniques should be encouraged.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d4/dc/main.PMC9761842.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10420284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical composition, antileishmanial, and cytotoxic effects Ferula macrecolea essential oil against Leishmania tropica","authors":"Hossein Mahmoudvand ,&nbsp;Javad Ghasemian Yadegari ,&nbsp;Amal Khudair Khalaf ,&nbsp;Mohammad Javad Hashemi ,&nbsp;Setareh Dastyarhaghighi ,&nbsp;Iraj Salimikia","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The current study was aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, as well as antileishmanial and cytotoxic effects of the essential oil of <em>Ferula macrecolea</em> and its main compound, terpinolene, against promastigotes and amastigotes of <em>Leishmania tropica.</em></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by a gas chromatograph connected to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The MTT (3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) − 2.5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was used to study the effects of the essential oil and terpinolene against promastigotes while the macrophage model was used for evaluating the effect of <em>F. macrecolea</em> essential oil against amastigotes of <em>L. tropica</em> as well as assessing cytotoxicity. The Griess reaction assay was employed to study the nitric oxide (NO) produced by treating macrophage cells with the essential oil and terpinolene. Furthermore, the effect of the essential oil and terpinolene on plasma membrane permeability and inhibition of infection in macrophages was evaluated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The main compounds were terpinolene (77.72%), n-nonanal (4.47%), and linalool (4.35%), respectively. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) of the essential oil, terpinolene, and glucantime against promastigotes were 27.6, 11.6, and 32.8 μg/mL, respectively; however, their IC₅₀ values against amastigotes were 42.3, 19.6, and 56.9 μg/mL, respectively. The 50% cytotoxic concentrations of the essential oil, terpinolene, and glucantime were 471.3, 207.3, and 1165.3 μg/mL, respectively. The production of NO in macrophage cells after treatment with the essential oil and terpinolene was increased in a dose-dependent manner (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The results revealed that by increasing the concentration of the essential oil and terpinolene, the permeability of the parasites' plasma membrane was significantly changed (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The pre-incubation of <em>Leishmania</em> parasites with <em>F. macrecolea</em> essential oil and terpinolene significantly declined the rate of cell infection by 74.8% and 79.4%, respectively (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results of the present study indicated that <em>F. macrecolea</em> essential oil, especially its main compound, i.e., terpinolene, has a potent antiparasitic effect on the promastigote and amastigote stages of L. <em>tropica</em>. Considering the advantages of medicinal plant products over their chemical counterparts, it is suggested that in the continuation of this study, the effect of <em>F. macrecolea</em> essential oil, especially terpinolene, on laboratory animals, and in case of high efficiency, in humans be evaluated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/44/d5/main.PMC9475300.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40364044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of oral cavity parasites in pregnant women in Western Iran","authors":"Kamran Azadbakht ,&nbsp;Parastoo Baharvand ,&nbsp;Pedram Artemes ,&nbsp;Massumeh Niazi ,&nbsp;Hossein Mahmoudvand","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>We aimed to study the frequency and risk factors of oral cavity protozoa (<em>Trichomonas tenax</em> and <em>Entamoeba gingivalis</em>) in pregnant women in Lorestan province, western Iran.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The current cross-sectional descriptive work was performed on 200 pregnant women referring to health centers of Lorestan Province, Iran during August 2021 to February 2022. Two specimens were obtained from each women by means of sterile swabs from saliva and dental plaques. The frequency of oral cavity protozoa was investigated using microscopic and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><em>E. gingivalis</em> and <em>T. tenax</em> parasites were found in 41 (20.5%) and 46 (23%) of the pregnant women by microscopic and PCR test, respectively. Among positive samples, 29 (63.1%) of the pregnant women were infected with <em>E. gingivalis</em>; whereas 19 (36.9%) of the participants were positive for <em>T. tenax.</em> In the multivariate model, living in rural regions (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and brushing teeth (<em>p</em> = 0.021) were considerably linked with the prevalence of oral cavity parasites<em>.</em></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The current study evidently exhibited the high frequency of oral cavity parasites (<em>E. gingivalis</em> and <em>T. tenax)</em> in pregnant women in Lorestan province, Western Iran. Awareness of the main risk factors for oral cavity parasites especially teeth brushing is necessary in refining public and oral health approaches in pregnant women. Thus, dental practitioners and gynecologists must be alert of these risk factors to carefully identify and manage oral health concerns in pregnant women to prevent the oral diseases and infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9c/7e/main.PMC9526173.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33486542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A national surveillance of eosinophilic meningitis in Thailand","authors":"Noppadol Aekphachaisawat ,&nbsp;Kittisak Sawanyawisuth ,&nbsp;Sittichai Khamsai ,&nbsp;Watchara Boonsawat ,&nbsp;Somsak Tiamkao ,&nbsp;Panita Limpawattana ,&nbsp;Wanchai Maleewong ,&nbsp;Chetta Ngamjarus","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Eosinophilic meningitis (EOM) is an emerging infectious disease worldwide. The most common cause of EOM is infection with <em>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</em> One possible method of monitoring and control of this infection is surveillance and prediction. There are limited data on national surveillance and predictive models on EOM. This study aimed to develop an online surveillance with a predictive model for EOM by using the national database.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We retrospectively retrieved reported cases of EOM from all provinces in Thailand and quantified them by month and year. Data were retrieved from Ministry of Public Health database. We developed a website application to explore the EOM cases in Thailand including regions and provinces using box plots. The website also provided the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models and Seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA) models for predicting the disease cases from nation, region, and province levels. The suitable models were considered by minimum Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The appropriate SARIMA model was used to predict the number of EOM cases.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>From 2003 to 2021, 3330 EOM cases were diagnosed and registered in the national database, with a peak in 2003 (median of 22 cases). We determined SARIMA(1,1,2)(2,0,0)[12] to be the most appropriate model, as it yielded the fitted values that were closest to the actual data. A predictive surveillance website was published on <span>http://202.28.75.8/sample-apps/NationalEOM/</span><svg><path></path></svg>.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We determined that web application can be used for monitoring and exploring the trend of EOM patients in Thailand. The predictive values matched the actual monthly numbers of EOM cases indicating a good fit of the predictive model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b4/4c/main.PMC9483718.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33468015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for intestinal parasite portage in an informal suburb on the West coast of Madagascar","authors":"Zara Nomentsoa Razafiarimanga ,&nbsp;Yves Boris Kouakou Yao ,&nbsp;Minoarison Rajerison ,&nbsp;Lovarintsoa Judicael Randriamampianina ,&nbsp;Soanandrasana Rahelinirina ,&nbsp;Radolalaina Rakotoarison ,&nbsp;Bastaraud Alexandra ,&nbsp;Hariniaina Elisoa ,&nbsp;Handshumacher Pascal ,&nbsp;Jambou Ronan","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The deprived area of the Metzinger Valley in the city of Mahajanga has many healthcare concerns due to repeated flooding during the rainy season. Improving this health situation requires a better knowledge of the pathogens present in this area and of the risk factors favoring their propagation. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the household socioeconomic status and the presence of parasites in the faeces of children between 1 and 10 years of age in order to determine the risk factors for intestinal parasitosis. The study included 746 children, of whom 30% were infected with parasites. <em>Entamoeba coli</em>, a good indicator of environmental fecal contamination, was the most prevalent parasite with an observation frequency of 16.7% followed by <em>Giardia lamblia</em> with a prevalence of 10%. For helminths, <em>Trichuris</em> and <em>Ascaris</em> were the most prevalent respectively 5.4% and 1.8%. A large heterogeneity in the prevalence of parasites was observed from one neighborhood to another. However, multivariate analysis showed that these differences were not related to environmental factors or household structure, but rather to the economic level of the family, the education level of the mother as well as the age of the child. For example, the prevalence of <em>Giardia</em> decreased from 23.5% to 8% for children of mothers with little education to those with higher education, respectively. For <em>E. coli</em>, the prevalence is higher among poor households and school-aged children. In the frame of IRCOD project, mothers are being sensitized to hygiene and risk factors for transmission by intestinal parasites and the present study proposes a multidimensional approach as an assessment tool.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/12/78/main.PMC9440058.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40351636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria attack and COVID-19 pandemic: Is it a double burdening public health concern?","authors":"Jay Saha,&nbsp;Pradip Chouhan","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/88/37/main.PMC9549710.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10377073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outdoor and early hour human biting activities of malaria mosquitoes and the suitability of clay pot for outdoor resting mosquito collection in malaria endemic villages of southern Rift Valley, Ethiopia","authors":"Tamirat Tomas,&nbsp;Nigatu Eligo,&nbsp;Girum Tamiru,&nbsp;Fekadu Massebo","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sampling adult <em>Anopheles</em> mosquitoes is important for assessing vector density, estimating the sporozoite infection rate, and quantifying the impact of vector control interventions. The objective of this study was to assess the <em>Anopheles</em> mosquito species composition, and their outdoor and indoor biting activities, and to evaluate the suitability of clay pots for indoor and outdoor resting mosquito collections.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Two malaria-endemic villages in the Gamo zone were purposely selected. Forty clay pots were deployed for outdoor resting mosquitoes sampling and another forty for indoor resting sampling. Twenty pit shelters were constructed for outdoor resting mosquito collection. The human landing catch (HLC) technique was employed to collect indoor and outdoor host-seeking mosquitoes in two households in each village. Morphological identification of the <em>Anopheles</em> mosquito was done using an identification key. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was used for blood meal origin and circumsporozoite proteins (CSP) test. Speciation of <em>An. gambiae</em> complex was done using polymerase chain reaction. A Chi-square test was used to compare the effectiveness of clay pot and pit shelters for outdoor resting sampling.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 904 female <em>Anopheles</em> mosquitoes comprising <em>An. gambiae</em> complex, <em>An. pharoensis</em>, <em>An. tenebrosus</em>, <em>An. dencalicus</em> and <em>An. demelloni</em> were sampled. The majority (64%) of them were sampled by the HLC technique. There was a slight difference between the outdoor clay pot (19%) and pit shelter (17%) collection. No <em>Anopheles</em> mosquitoes were collected indoor using clay pots. All mosquitoes were tested for CSPs, but none of them were found to be positive. <em>Anopheles</em> mosquitoes were tending to bite humans outdoor than indoors, and their peak biting hours was 10–11 pm. The human blood meal index of <em>Anopheles</em> mosquitoes was 0.07 from pit shelters and it was 0.04 from clay pots. The bovine blood meal index was 0.45 for mosquitoes from both pit shelters and clay pot collections.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><em>Anopheles arabiensis</em> was the predominant species and it was tending to bite cattle more than humans. Clay pot could be suitable for outdoor resting mosquito collection, but not for indoor resting species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cb/79/main.PMC9636569.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40451234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tele-entomology and tele-parasitology: A citizen science-based approach for surveillance and control of Chagas disease in Venezuela","authors":"Lourdes A. Delgado-Noguera ,&nbsp;Carlos E. Hernández-Pereira ,&nbsp;Juan David Ramírez ,&nbsp;Carolina Hernández ,&nbsp;Natalia Velasquez-Ortíz ,&nbsp;José Clavijo ,&nbsp;Jose Manuel Ayala ,&nbsp;David Forero-Peña ,&nbsp;Marilianna Marquez ,&nbsp;Maria J. Suarez ,&nbsp;Luis Traviezo-Valles ,&nbsp;Maria Alejandra Escalona ,&nbsp;Luis Perez-Garcia ,&nbsp;Isis Mejias Carpio ,&nbsp;Emilia M. Sordillo ,&nbsp;Maria E. Grillet ,&nbsp;Martin S. Llewellyn ,&nbsp;Juan C. Gabaldón ,&nbsp;Alberto E. Paniz Mondolfi","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chagas Disease (CD), a chronic infection caused by the <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em> parasite, is a Neglected Tropical Disease endemic to Latin America. With a re-emergence in Venezuela during the past two decades, the spread of CD has proved susceptible to, and inhibitable by a digital, real-time surveillance system effectuated by Citizen Scientists in communities throughout the country. The #TraeTuChipo (#BringYourKissingBug) campaign implemented in January 2020, has served as such a strategy counting on community engagement to define the current ecological distribution of CD vectors despite the absence of a functional national surveillance program. This pilot campaign collected data through online surveys, social media platforms, and/or telephone text messages. A total of 79 triatomine bugs were reported from eighteen Venezuelan states; 67 bugs were identified as <em>Panstrongylus geniculatus,</em> 1 as <em>Rhodnius pictipes,</em> 1 as <em>Triatoma dimidiata,</em> and 10 as <em>Triatoma maculata.</em> We analyzed 8 triatomine feces samples spotted from 4 <em>Panstrongylus geniculatus</em> which were confirmed positive by qPCR for <em>T. cruzi</em><strong>.</strong> Further molecular characterization of discrete typing units (DTUs), revealed that all samples contained TcI, the most highly diverse and broadly distributed strain of <em>T. cruzi</em>. Moreover, analysis of the mitochondrial 12S gene revealed <em>Myotis keaysi</em>, <em>Homo sapiens,</em> and <em>Gallus gallus</em> as the main triatomine feeding sources. This study highlights a novel Citizen Science approach which may help improve the surveillance systems for CD in endemic countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/65/d1/main.PMC9475302.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40364046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}