Humphrey D. Mazigo , Emmanuela E. Ambrose , Upendo J. Mwingira
{"title":"坦桑尼亚哪些地方需要小儿吡喹酮治疗？坦桑尼亚南部和西北部学龄前儿童曼氏血吸虫流行率和风险因素的地域差异","authors":"Humphrey D. Mazigo , Emmanuela E. Ambrose , Upendo J. Mwingira","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00337","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Pediatric schistosomiasis has been recognized as a public health concern in schistosomiasis endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania. However, there is limited epidemiological information relating to pediatric schistosomiasis in Tanzania. Therefore, this current focused on assessing the geographical prevalence of <em>S. mansoni</em> infection and its associated risk factors in pre-school children (PreSAC) in southern and north-western Tanzania.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 1585 PreSAC aged 1–6 years were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. A single urine and stool sample were obtained from each child and processed using point-of-care circulating cathodic (POC-CCA) antigen and Kato Katz (K<img>K) technique. The overall prevalence of <em>S. mansoni</em> infection based on K<img>K technique and POC-CCA test were 18.6% (95%CI:16.7–20.6) and 28.3% (95%CI:26.1–30.6), respectively. The overall geometrical mean eggs per gram of faeces was 110.38epg (95% CI:97.3–125.3). The age group 4–6 years had the highest prevalence (<em>P</em> < 0.01) of <em>S. mansoni</em> in both diagnostic tests and infection intensity (<em>t</em> = −2.8398, <em>P</em> < 0.005) using K<img>K technique. On multivariable analysis, only Ukerewe district was associated with <em>S. mansoni</em> infection based on K<img>K technique (aOR = 2.8 (95%CI:2.1–3.9), <em>P</em> < 0.001). Based on POC-CCA test, age group (4–6 years), aOR = 1.7, 95%CI:1.3–2.2, <em>P</em> < 0.001), Nyasa (aOR = 6.2, 95%CI:3.0–12.5, <em>P</em> < 0.001), Geita (aOR = 4.2, 95%CI:2.1–8.2, <em>P</em> < 0.001) and Ukerewe (aOR = 28.9, 95%CI:15.0–55.8, <em>P</em> < 0.001) districts remained independently associated with <em>S. mansoni</em> infection.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><em>Schistosoma mansoni</em> is a public health concern among PreSAC in the study districts and its prevalence varies from one geographical setting to another. These findings strongly support the need to include pre-school aged in preventive chemotherapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000011/pdfft?md5=79f930284b6700c743ccf148364df9fa&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673124000011-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Where will pediatric praziquantel be needed in Tanzania? Geographical variation in prevalence, and risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni in pre-school aged children in southern and north-western Tanzania\",\"authors\":\"Humphrey D. Mazigo , Emmanuela E. Ambrose , Upendo J. Mwingira\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00337\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Pediatric schistosomiasis has been recognized as a public health concern in schistosomiasis endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania. However, there is limited epidemiological information relating to pediatric schistosomiasis in Tanzania. Therefore, this current focused on assessing the geographical prevalence of <em>S. mansoni</em> infection and its associated risk factors in pre-school children (PreSAC) in southern and north-western Tanzania.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 1585 PreSAC aged 1–6 years were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. A single urine and stool sample were obtained from each child and processed using point-of-care circulating cathodic (POC-CCA) antigen and Kato Katz (K<img>K) technique. The overall prevalence of <em>S. mansoni</em> infection based on K<img>K technique and POC-CCA test were 18.6% (95%CI:16.7–20.6) and 28.3% (95%CI:26.1–30.6), respectively. The overall geometrical mean eggs per gram of faeces was 110.38epg (95% CI:97.3–125.3). The age group 4–6 years had the highest prevalence (<em>P</em> < 0.01) of <em>S. mansoni</em> in both diagnostic tests and infection intensity (<em>t</em> = −2.8398, <em>P</em> < 0.005) using K<img>K technique. On multivariable analysis, only Ukerewe district was associated with <em>S. mansoni</em> infection based on K<img>K technique (aOR = 2.8 (95%CI:2.1–3.9), <em>P</em> < 0.001). Based on POC-CCA test, age group (4–6 years), aOR = 1.7, 95%CI:1.3–2.2, <em>P</em> < 0.001), Nyasa (aOR = 6.2, 95%CI:3.0–12.5, <em>P</em> < 0.001), Geita (aOR = 4.2, 95%CI:2.1–8.2, <em>P</em> < 0.001) and Ukerewe (aOR = 28.9, 95%CI:15.0–55.8, <em>P</em> < 0.001) districts remained independently associated with <em>S. mansoni</em> infection.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><em>Schistosoma mansoni</em> is a public health concern among PreSAC in the study districts and its prevalence varies from one geographical setting to another. These findings strongly support the need to include pre-school aged in preventive chemotherapy.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":37873,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Parasite Epidemiology and Control\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-02-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000011/pdfft?md5=79f930284b6700c743ccf148364df9fa&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673124000011-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Parasite Epidemiology and Control\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000011\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"INFECTIOUS DISEASES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000011","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Where will pediatric praziquantel be needed in Tanzania? Geographical variation in prevalence, and risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni in pre-school aged children in southern and north-western Tanzania
Background
Pediatric schistosomiasis has been recognized as a public health concern in schistosomiasis endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania. However, there is limited epidemiological information relating to pediatric schistosomiasis in Tanzania. Therefore, this current focused on assessing the geographical prevalence of S. mansoni infection and its associated risk factors in pre-school children (PreSAC) in southern and north-western Tanzania.
Methods
A total of 1585 PreSAC aged 1–6 years were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. A single urine and stool sample were obtained from each child and processed using point-of-care circulating cathodic (POC-CCA) antigen and Kato Katz (KK) technique. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection based on KK technique and POC-CCA test were 18.6% (95%CI:16.7–20.6) and 28.3% (95%CI:26.1–30.6), respectively. The overall geometrical mean eggs per gram of faeces was 110.38epg (95% CI:97.3–125.3). The age group 4–6 years had the highest prevalence (P < 0.01) of S. mansoni in both diagnostic tests and infection intensity (t = −2.8398, P < 0.005) using KK technique. On multivariable analysis, only Ukerewe district was associated with S. mansoni infection based on KK technique (aOR = 2.8 (95%CI:2.1–3.9), P < 0.001). Based on POC-CCA test, age group (4–6 years), aOR = 1.7, 95%CI:1.3–2.2, P < 0.001), Nyasa (aOR = 6.2, 95%CI:3.0–12.5, P < 0.001), Geita (aOR = 4.2, 95%CI:2.1–8.2, P < 0.001) and Ukerewe (aOR = 28.9, 95%CI:15.0–55.8, P < 0.001) districts remained independently associated with S. mansoni infection.
Conclusion
Schistosoma mansoni is a public health concern among PreSAC in the study districts and its prevalence varies from one geographical setting to another. These findings strongly support the need to include pre-school aged in preventive chemotherapy.
期刊介绍：
Parasite Epidemiology and Control is an Open Access journal. There is an increasing amount of research in the parasitology area that analyses the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. This epidemiology of parasite infectious diseases is predominantly studied in human populations but also spans other major hosts of parasitic infections and as such this journal will have a broad remit. We will focus on the major areas of epidemiological study including disease etiology, disease surveillance, drug resistance and geographical spread and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects in clinical trials for both human and other animals. We will also look at the epidemiology and control of vector insects. The journal will also cover the use of geographic information systems (Epi-GIS) for epidemiological surveillance which is a rapidly growing area of research in infectious diseases. Molecular epidemiological approaches are also particularly encouraged.
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