Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis among African children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background

Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis) is one of the major causes of diarrhea among children. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of G. duodenalis and associated risk factors among African children.

Methods

We searched online databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) as well as the Google Scholar search engine for studies measured the prevalence of G. duodenalis among African children, published between 1 January 2000 and 15 March 2022. Due to high heterogeneity among the included studies, a random-effects meta-analysis model was employed to estimate pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

A total of 114 articles from 29 African countries met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of G. duodenalis infection among African children was estimated as 18.3% (95% CI: 16.5–20.2). The highest and lowest pooled prevalence of G. duodenalis infection were estimated in Niger and Cameroon as 65.1% (55–75.2) and 0.08% (0.02–1.05), respectively. Considering the type of study population, the highest prevalence was related to, iron-deficient children 65.2% (61.3–69.1), handicapped children 30.4% (18.3–42.4), HIV infected children 25.7% (11.2–40.2) and displaced children 20.2% (16.5–23.9).

Conclusions

Giardiasis is common among African children, hence, prevention and control scheme of this protozoan in children should be considered by health officials and health policymakers, especially in African countries where prevalence is highest.