Molecular epidemiology and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in individuals attending major public hospitals in Shiraz, southwestern Iran: A public health concern

IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI:10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00354

Ali Asghari , Farzad Mahdavi , Kambiz Karimi , Mohammad Reza Mohammadi , Laya Shamsi , Qasem Asgari , Mohammad Hossein Motazedian , Saeed Shahabi , Alireza Sadrebazzaz

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common causes of waterborne disease worldwide, and is often associated with outbreaks of diarrhea in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis assemblages in individuals attending major public hospitals in Shiraz, southwestern Iran. From August 2022 to May 2023, a total of 614 stool samples from individuals were collected and initially examined for G. duodenalis cysts using parasitological techniques, sucrose flotation, and microscopy. Microscopy-positive samples were validated by SSU-PCR amplification of the parasite DNA. A multilocus genotyping (MLG) scheme, which focused on the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) and the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes, was employed for genotyping purposes. G. duodenalis cysts were found in 7.5% (46/614) and 8.5% (52/614) of samples through microscopy and SSU-PCR, respectively. Successful amplification and sequencing results were obtained for 77.3% (17/22) and 45.5% (10/22) of the infected samples at the tpi and gdh loci, respectively. MLG data for the two loci were available for only five samples. Out of the 22 samples genotyped at any loci, 54.5% (12/22) were identified as assemblage A, while 45.5% (10/22) were identified as assemblage B. AII was the most predominant sub-assemblage identified [54.5% (12/22)], followed by BIII [27% (6/22)], discordant BIII/BIV [13.6% (3/22)], and BIV [4.5% (1/22)]. In the present study, no assemblages suited for non-human animal hosts (e.g., CF) were detected. This suggests that the transmission of human giardiasis in Shiraz is primarily anthroponotic. Further molecular-based analyses are necessary to confirm and expand upon these findings. These analyses will also help determine the presence and public health importance of the parasite in environmental samples, such as drinking water.

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伊朗西南部设拉子市主要公立医院就诊者中十二指肠贾第虫的分子流行病学和多焦点基因分型：公共卫生问题

杜氏贾第鞭毛虫是全球最常见的水传播疾病病因之一，通常与环境卫生和个人卫生较差地区爆发的腹泻有关。本研究旨在评估在伊朗西南部设拉子市各大公立医院就诊的个体中杜氏蛆虫的流行率和遗传多样性。从 2022 年 8 月到 2023 年 5 月，共收集了 614 份粪便样本，并使用寄生虫学技术、蔗糖浮选法和显微镜初步检查了十二指肠杆菌囊蚴。显微镜检查呈阳性的样本通过 SSU-PCR 扩增寄生虫 DNA 进行验证。基因分型采用了多焦点基因分型（MLG）方案，主要针对磷酸三糖异构酶（tpi）和谷氨酸脱氢酶（ghdh）基因。通过显微镜检查和 SSU-PCR 检测，分别在 7.5% （46/614）和 8.5% （52/614）的样本中发现了十二指肠杆菌囊肿。77.3%（17/22）和 45.5%（10/22）的感染样本的 tpi 和 gdh 位点分别获得了成功的扩增和测序结果。只有五个样本获得了这两个位点的多基因组数据。在任何位点上进行基因分型的 22 个样本中，54.5%（12/22）被鉴定为 A 组合，45.5%（10/22）被鉴定为 B 组合。AII 是最主要的子组合[54.5%（12/22）]，其次是 BIII [27%（6/22）]、不一致的 BIII/BIV [13.6%（3/22）]和 BIV [4.5%（1/22）]。在本研究中，没有发现适合非人类动物宿主（如 CF）的组合。这表明设拉子人类贾第虫病的传播主要是人为的。有必要进行进一步的分子分析，以确认和扩展这些发现。这些分析还将有助于确定寄生虫在饮用水等环境样本中的存在情况及其对公共卫生的重要性。

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来源期刊

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

3.10%

发文量

审稿时长

17 weeks

期刊介绍： Parasite Epidemiology and Control is an Open Access journal. There is an increasing amount of research in the parasitology area that analyses the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. This epidemiology of parasite infectious diseases is predominantly studied in human populations but also spans other major hosts of parasitic infections and as such this journal will have a broad remit. We will focus on the major areas of epidemiological study including disease etiology, disease surveillance, drug resistance and geographical spread and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects in clinical trials for both human and other animals. We will also look at the epidemiology and control of vector insects. The journal will also cover the use of geographic information systems (Epi-GIS) for epidemiological surveillance which is a rapidly growing area of research in infectious diseases. Molecular epidemiological approaches are also particularly encouraged.