Medeniyet medical journal最新文献

{"title":"Interleukin-40 and Soluble CD40 Ligand in Multiple Sclerosis: Inflammatory Signals or Clinically Applicable Biomarkers?","authors":"Okan Sokmen","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.24805","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.24805","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":" ","pages":"234-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"The Effect of Flow-Controlled Ventilation on Mechanical Power in Laparoscopic Surgeries: A Comparative Analysis with Pressure Controlled Volume Guaranteed and Volume Controlled Ventilation\".","authors":"Neeraj Singh, Monika Srivastav","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.55955","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.55955","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":" ","pages":"230-231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological Contamination of Nasal Topical Preparations Used After Septoplasty: A Comparative Analysis.","authors":"Numan Kokten, Zafer Habip, Berina Slipcevic, Mustafa Hatipoglu, Zeynep Az Aydin, Batın Berkay Oznacar, Serdal Celik, M Tayyar Kalcioglu","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.87339","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.87339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological contamination rates of nasal topical preparations (sprays, drops, and ointments) used after septoplasty at the nozzle/tube tip and drug content levels. The study also aimed to compare contamination levels in different formulations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cross-sectional study included 110 patients (spray: n=38; drop: n=34; ointment: n=38) who underwent septoplasty at the ENT clinic. Patients returned their preparations after at least two weeks' postoperative use. Two separate samples were obtained from each preparation: a swab of the nozzle or tube tip and the drug content. These specimens were inoculated onto blood agar, chocolate agar, and Sabouraud dextrose agar. Isolate identification was performed using the VITEK MS (MALDI-TOF MS) system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nozzle contamination was detected in 62.7% (n=69) of the 110 preparations, and content contamination was detected in 40.9% (n=45). Nozzle contamination was significantly higher in the spray group (89.5%) than in the drop (44.1%) and ointment (52.6%) groups (p<0.001). The most frequently isolated microorganisms were coagulase-negative <i>staphylococci</i> (particularly <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>) and yeast species (e.g., <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> and <i>Candida haemulonii</i>) were detected less frequently.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Spray formulations showed higher nozzle contamination rates than other formulations, whereas drug-content contamination appeared similar across groups. These findings suggest that contamination may occur in topical nasal preparations used after septoplasty and highlight the importance of patient education regarding hygienic use during the postoperative period. However, because baseline sterility testing and laboratory negative controls were not performed, the source of contamination cannot be determined conclusively.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 2","pages":"184-191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of an Ultrasonography-Based Algorithm for Detecting the Causes of Acute Dyspnea in an Emergency Hospital.","authors":"Ekaterina Yurievna Aldyukhova, Alexandra Alexandrovna Knyazkova, Nadezda Vladimirovna Mukhina, Irina Sevastyanovna Komarova, Svetlana Alexandrovna Rachina, Nikita Vyacheslavovich Dyatlov, Anna Egorovna Vlasenko, Alexander Alexandrovich Sokolov, Ekaterina Sergeevna Ladanova","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.93288","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.93288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the value of point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) in identifying the causes of acute dyspnea (AD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective study, hospitalized adults with AD were enrolled. They underwent POCUS of the heart, lungs, and deep veins of the lower extremities, supplemented by lung auscultation (LA); all examinations were performed by an investigator blinded to the clinical diagnosis. The ultrasound profiles were compared with the clinical diagnoses to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 150 patients, with a mean age of 65.8±15.7 years, were enrolled, and 53% were women. POCUS combined with LA showed a higher diagnostic accuracy [0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.81-0.91)] than POCUS alone [0.78 (95% CI, 0.72-0.84)]. The POCUS-based protocol showed the highest sensitivity for pleural effusion (1.0) and pericardial effusion [0.94 (95% CI, 0.81-1.00)], and the lowest sensitivity for pneumothorax (0.75 [95% CI, 0.20-1.00]) and pulmonary edema [0.78 (95% CI, 0.69-0.87)]. The examination duration was 12.5±3.9 min.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The POCUS-based protocol was a rapid, informative tool for identifying the causes of AD in hospitalized adults, and the addition of LA further increased its diagnostic accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 2","pages":"174-183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Targeting Strategy: Colchicine and Paclitaxel Combination Against Prostate Cancer Cells Colchicine-Paclitaxel Synergy in Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Ceren Sumer, Ceren Sari, Mertkaya Aras, Duygu Deniz Usta","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.10663","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.10663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prostate cancer is the leading male malignancy. Despite therapeutic advances, drug resistance remains a major obstacle, leading many patients to develop castration-resistant prostate cancer. This study investigates the combined effects of the microtubule-targeting agents colchicine and paclitaxel on DU145 prostate cancer cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cell viability was evaluated across a range of doses of colchicine and paclitaxel to determine the IC₅₀, IC₃₀, and IC₁₀ values for each drug. IC₁₀ and IC₃₀ doses of the agents and their combinations were selected for subsequent experiments. The effects of the treatments were then analyzed using the MTT assay, the colony formation assay, the <i>in vitro</i> scratch assay, and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Monotherapy with colchicine and paclitaxel indicated dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in DU145 cells. Notably, IC₁₀ monotherapies had minimal impact on viability, whereas the drug combination produced synergistic inhibition of viability (excess‑over‑Bliss score: 14.8%), along with marked suppression of colony formation and cell motility (p<0.0001). At IC₃₀, the combined treatment nearly abolished colony formation and significantly increased apoptotic and necrotic morphology. These findings reveal that combining sub-therapeutic doses effectively inhibits cell viability, long-term proliferation, and cell motility, where monotherapies are insufficient.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These preliminary findings demonstrate that the colchicine and paclitaxel combination exhibits potent synergistic effects, particularly at low doses (IC₁₀), and effectively suppresses DU145 prostate cancer cell progression. This dual microtubule-targeting approach may overcome the limitations of monotherapy by significantly inhibiting cell motility and clonogenic survival, while enhancing apoptotic and necrotic cell morphology. Our results suggest that low-dose combination strategies may provide high therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity in the management of advanced prostate cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":" ","pages":"134-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147933830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Timing of Intratympanic Corticosteroid Therapy for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Mini-Review.","authors":"Sidian Yao, Yutong Cui, Xinru Liu, Xian Jiang, Junhu Tai","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.84790","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.84790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is an otologic emergency. While systemic corticosteroids are first-line therapy, intratympanic corticosteroid (ITC) injection has emerged as an important modality. The optimal timing of ITC-as primary therapy, combined initial treatment, or salvage therapy-remains controversial. To critically synthesize current evidence regarding ITC efficacy at different treatment timings and provide evidence-based clinical recommendations. A structured search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted from database inception to December 2025 using terms sudden sensorineural hearing loss, ISSNHL, sudden deafness, intratympanic injection, ITC, intratympanic dexamethasone, and intratympanic methylprednisolone. The search identified 321 records, and additional articles were found in the reference lists of key reviews, meta-analyses, and guidelines. Studies were selected using predefined criteria, prioritizing randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical practice guidelines, and relevant observational studies in adults with ISSNHL. Eligible studies evaluated ITC as primary monotherapy, combined initial therapy, or salvage therapy, and reported quantitative audiometric outcomes. Exclusion criteria included non-idiopathic sudden hearing loss, pediatric populations, non-corticosteroid intratympanic therapies, animal or laboratory-only studies, case reports, conference abstracts without full text, duplicate publications, and studies without clinically interpretable hearing outcomes. After screening, 25 studies were included. Salvage ITC provides significant benefit (OR: 6.04; 95% CI: 3.26-11.2; NNT≈3) with Grade A evidence. Combined initial therapy is superior to systemic steroids alone (OR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.95-3.21), particularly for severe hearing loss. ITC monotherapy is non-inferior to systemic steroids (PTA difference: 2.0 dB). A stratified approach based on treatment timing is recommended. Salvage ITC should be offered to all patients with incomplete recovery. Combined therapy should be considered for patients with severe hearing loss. ITC monotherapy is appropriate when systemic steroids are contraindicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 2","pages":"212-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical Variability of the Proximal Femur: A Morphometric Study Relevant to Orthopedic Implant Design.","authors":"Bahattin Paslı, Mehmet Ülkir, Barış Kafa","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.67378","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.67378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Proximal femur morphometry plays a crucial role in fracture management and hip arthroplasty by affecting implant fit, biomechanics, and surgical outcomes. Therefore, the utilization of anatomical data reflecting inter-individual variability is essential for optimizing implant design and minimizing implant-bone mismatch. This study aimed to evaluate proximal femoral morphometry and provide data relevant to implant design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 73 unpaired dry femurs of unknown age and sex (43 right, 30 left) were analyzed. Measurements included femoral length, neck-body angle, and femoral head and neck dimensions. All measurements were independently performed by two anatomists and repeated using a tape measure, a digital caliper, and a protractor. Interobserver and intra observer reliabilities were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Statistical analyses were performed, including descriptive statistics, pairwise comparisons, and correlation analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Measurement reliability ranged from good to excellent (ICC: 0.749-0.999). Mean femoral length was 43.7±3.0 cm, and mean neck-body angle was 126.0°±4.6°. No significant side differences were observed for femoral length, femoral head, or femoral neck dimensions; however, the neck-body angle differed significantly (p<0.001). The correlation analysis revealed positive associations among parameters of the femoral head and neck. Femoral length showed strong correlations with head dimensions, whereas the neck-body angle demonstrated no significant correlations with other parameters. The lack of age and sex data should be considered when interpreting these findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proximal femur exhibits substantial morphometric variability. These findings provide preliminary data that may contribute to the existing literature and help inform the design of future implants and prostheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 2","pages":"153-163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Performance and Reproducibility of Odontoid Retroflexion Angle and Posterior Basion-C2 Line in Type II Basilar Invagination.","authors":"Mehmet Bilgin Eser, Begumhan Baysal","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.07231","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.07231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the diagnostic performance and interobserver reproducibility of the odontoid retroflexion angle (ORA) and posterior basion-C2 (pB-C2) line in adult patients with type II basilar invagination (BI), using the odontoid apex-Chamberlain line distance (OA-CL) as the reference standard.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective diagnostic accuracy study included adult patients with type II BI who underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging between January 2015 and September 2021, along with age- and sex-matched control participants. Two blinded observers performed measurements on midline sagittal images. ORA and pB-C2 were evaluated as index tests, and OA-CL was the reference standard. Interobserver agreement was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Group comparisons were performed using Student's t-test. The diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 33 patients with BI and 34 controls. The OA-CL demonstrated excellent interobserver agreement (ICC=0.98),whereas the ORA showed moderate agreement (ICC=0.69), and pB-C2 showed good agreement (ICC=0.82). ORA was significantly lower and pB-C2 was significantly higher in patients than in controls (p<0.001 for both). ROC analysis revealed moderate diagnostic performance for ORA (AUC=0.79) and pB-C2 (AUC=0.77).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although ORA and pB-C2 differed significantly between patients with type II BI and controls, both parameters demonstrated limited reproducibility and moderate diagnostic performance. These measurements should be considered complementary morphometric descriptors rather than primary diagnostic markers of BI.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":" ","pages":"118-124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>CDH1</i> Gene Promoter Polymorphism and the Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Chuncui Ye, Jun Wang","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.17124","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.17124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>CDH1 polymorphism has been suggested to be associated with susceptibility to gastric cancer (GC). However, relevant findings remain inconsistent across studies. This meta‑analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between CDH1 -160C/A and -347G/GA polymorphisms and GC risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relevant studies were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang databases up to December 20, 2025. Pooled OR and 95% (95% CI) were calculated using fixed‑ or random‑effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 25 articles were included, involving 28 studies (4,836 cases and 6,187 controls) for the -160C/A polymorphism and 8 studies (1,201 cases and 1,611 controls) for the -347G/GA polymorphism. Overall, significant associations were identified between CDH1 polymorphisms and GC risk: -160C/A (recessive model: OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.03-1.58; AA vs. CC: OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.01-1.61); -347G/GA (G/GA vs. GG: OR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.04-1.44). In stratified analyses by histological type, the CDH1 -347G/GA polymorphism was associated with an elevated risk of diffuse‑type GC (G/GA vs. GG: OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.01-1.62).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This meta-analysis indicates that the two CDH1 promoter polymorphisms may contribute to GC susceptibility. Further large-scale and well-designed studies are needed to verify these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 2","pages":"142-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Link Between Bacterial Biofilm and Disease Severity in Cholesteatoma-Associated CSOM.","authors":"Marojahan Pandiangan, Masyita Gaffar, Riskiana Djamin, Andi Alfian Zainuddin, Rizalinda Sjahril, Muhammad Amsyar Akil","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.88555","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.88555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) with cholesteatoma is a potentially dangerous condition that can lead to extracranial and intracranial complications. Bacteria associated with CSOM cholesteatoma frequently produce biofilms, which contribute to antibiotic resistance and accelerate disease progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted at the tertiary teaching hospital of Hasanuddin University, its affiliated hospitals, and the Hasanuddin University Medical Research Center (HUM-RC) between March 2024 and April 2025. Patients diagnosed with CSOM cholesteatoma who underwent mastoidectomy were enrolled. Bacterial isolates obtained from cholesteatoma tissue were evaluated for biofilm formation using crystal violet staining. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 49 patients were included: 46.9% male and 53.1% female; age range 9-66 years. Of the bacterial isolates, 40 demonstrated biofilm formation. <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> was the most frequently identified species (42.5%), followed by 12 other species, all of which exhibited weak to moderate biofilm production. Based on the Telmesani grading system, 47% of patients presented with severe disease. However, the limited sample size restricted the ability to establish a statistically significant correlation between biofilm presence and clinical severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Biofilm formation was detected in the majority of bacterial isolates, with <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> emerging as the predominant species. Although nearly half of the patients presented with severe disease, most isolates demonstrated only weak to moderate biofilm production. The limited sample size restricted the ability to establish a statistically significant correlation between biofilm presence and clinical severity. Nevertheless, these findings highlight the importance of biofilm in the pathogenesis of CSOM and underscore the need for larger multicenter studies to clarify its role and inform the development of biofilm-targeted therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 2","pages":"125-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}