Medeniyet medical journal最新文献

{"title":"Cardiomegaly of Unknown Origin: Why Morphology Still Matters in the Genetic Era - A Case of Cardiac Fabry Disease.","authors":"Igor Makarov, Yulia Roy, Lubov Mitrofanova","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.87036","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.87036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a 72-year-old man with long-standing hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and ischemic heart disease, in whom autopsy, following a fatal acute coronary syndrome, revealed marked cardiomegaly (heart weight, 911 g) and concentric myocardial hypertrophy (left ventricular wall thickness up to 2.4 cm) that appeared disproportionate to the expected degree of hypertensive and ischemic remodeling. Histological examination showed diffuse vacuolization of cardiomyocytes with a negative periodic acid-Schiff reaction; amyloidosis and glycogen storage diseases were excluded. Electron microscopy, α-galactosidase A activity, lyso-globotriaosylceramide measurement, and genetic testing were not available. Sudan III staining of frozen myocardial sections demonstrated intracellular lipid inclusions, providing supportive but non-specific evidence of a suspected non-classical (cardiac) variant of Fabry's disease. This case highlights the importance of careful morphological evaluation in the differential diagnosis of unexplained severe left ventricular hypertrophy and illustrates both the diagnostic utility and the limitations of conventional histopathological methods in autopsy practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 3","pages":"359-364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Impact of Cerebrospinal Fluid Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Testing in Children with Suspected Central Nervous System Infection.","authors":"Aytaç Göktuğ, İdil Ak Gündoğdu, Muhterem Duyu, Gülser Esen Besli","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.12679","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.12679","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":" ","pages":"370-371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiating Pure and Mixed Mucinous Breast Carcinoma Using Multimodality Imaging: A Retrospective Single-Center Study.","authors":"Gülnur Erdem, Mahmut Bilal Dogan, Mizgin Yamer, Fatma Yilmazer, Gözde Kir, Hakan Baysal, Nesrin Gunduz","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.36236","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.36236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features in differentiating pure from mixed mucinous breast carcinoma and in identifying imaging characteristics specific to each subtype.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective single-center study included 68 patients diagnosed with mucinous breast carcinoma between 2017 and 2024. The tumors were classified as pure or mixed mucinous breast carcinomas based on histopathological findings. All available mammography, ultrasound, and MRI examinations were evaluated by a radiologist blinded to the histopathological subtypes. The features, such as tumor shape, margin, signal intensity, mammographic density, echogenicity, and calcifications, were assessed to identify distinctive patterns associated with pure and mixed mucinous breast tumors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 68 patients, 31 (45.6%) had pure mucinous tumors, while 37 (54.4%) had mixed tumors. On ultrasound, pure mucinous carcinomas more frequently demonstrated an oval shape and a homogeneous internal echo pattern, whereas mixed tumors more frequently exhibited an irregular shape (p<0.05). Mammography showed that non-circumscribed margins were significantly more common in mixed tumors than in pure tumors (p=0.02). On MRI, pure mucinous carcinomas predominantly exhibited oval or lobulated shapes, whereas mixed tumors more frequently exhibited irregular shapes (p=0.02). Pure tumors also showed higher T2 signal intensity (p=0.02) and significantly higher median apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values than mixed tumors (1815 [interquartile range (IQR), 1596-2062.5] vs. 1336.5 [IQR, 904.25-1602.5]×10^-6 mm²/s, p=0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A multimodal imaging approach facilitates differentiation between pure and mixed mucinous breast carcinomas. Among the evaluated modalities, MRI provided the greatest discriminatory value, particularly through T2 signal intensity and ADC measurements, and may complement core needle biopsy when tissue sampling is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":" ","pages":"276-284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bowel Management Protocols in Pediatric Chronic Constipation and Complex Colorectal Dysfunction: A Systematic Review of Sennoside Dosing, Evacuation Strategies, and Radiologic Monitoring.","authors":"Freddy Alexander Aldaz Vallejo, Jorge Alejandro Oliveros Rivero, Ana Verónica Vaca Carvajal, Elena Leonor Llerena Flores","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.44947","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.44947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To synthesize evidence on pediatric bowel rehabilitation protocols for chronic constipation and complex colorectal dysfunction, with emphasis on sennoside dosing, disimpaction, mechanical evacuation, radiologic monitoring, outcomes, and adverse events, we conducted a systematic review following PRISMA 2020 and registered it in PROSPERO (CRD420261350563). PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CENTRAL, LILACS, and SciELO were searched through March 10, 2026. Eligible studies included patients aged 0-21 years with functional or idiopathic constipation, constipation after anorectal malformation repair, or neurogenic bowel dysfunction, and provided extractable mechanicalevacuation data; patients were treated with sennosides, enemas, transanal irrigation, antegrade continence enemas, or surgical escalation. Etiologic groups were interpreted separately because fecal soiling and incontinence do not have a uniform pathophysiologic meaning across functional, anatomic, and neurogenic disorders. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2, ROBINS-I, or Joanna Briggs Institute tools, and certainty was evaluated with GRADE. Thirty-two records were identified. After duplicate removal, 31 full-text reports were assessed, and 21 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis; of these, 16 contributed quantitative protocol data. Common components included initial assessment, disimpaction, individualized titration, and objective confirmation of colonic emptying. Sennoside doses ranged from 0.45-0.9 mg/kg/day to high, individualized mg/day regimens, whereas transanal irrigation commonly uses 10-20 mL/kg or 300-700 mL. Radiography was primarily used to monitor therapeutic response. GRADE certainty was moderate for clinical-radiologic success after repair of anorectal malformations, low for most medical and mechanical protocol outcomes, and very low for surgical escalation. Reported adverse events included abdominal cramping and contact perineal injury among diapered children. Pediatric bowel rehabilitation should be stepwise, individualized, and etiology-sensitive; however, the certainty of the evidence remains limited by observational study designs and heterogeneous definitions, underscoring the need for prospective multicenter standardization.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":" ","pages":"347-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Critical Synthesis of Machine Learning in Autism Spectrum Disorder Genomic Research: From Transcriptomics to Microbiome.","authors":"Zahra Sadr, Bita Fallahpour, Alireza Alireza Dastgheib, Reza Bahrami, Mohammad Golshan Tafti, Amirmasoud Shiri, Ali Masoudi, Fatemeh Nematzadeh, Hossein Neamatzadeh","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.69259","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.69259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent impairments in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. This narrative review synthesizes advances in machine learning applications to ASD genomic research through May 2026, spanning gene expression analysis, whole-exome sequencing (WES), non-coding variant interpretation, multi-omics integration, single-cell transcriptomics, epigenetic profiling, and gut microbiome analysis. A purposive, thematic literature synthesis approach was employed, allowing broad coverage of emerging methodological innovations and biological insights. We critically evaluate state-of-the-art deep learning architectures-including the Separate Translated Autism Research Neural Network and SHapley Additive exPlanations-based explainable artificial intelligence frameworks. Reported discrimination across the field varies widely, from receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve (ROC-AUC) values near 0.66 to implausibly perfect values of 1.00; the best-validated specialized genomic architecture achieves only modest discrimination (ROC-AUC≈0.73). We emphasize that interpretability and predictive performance are orthogonal properties: specialized architectures yield biologically interpretable feature attributions despite modest discriminative power; and several extreme AUC values in the literature are, in our assessment, more consistent with overfitting or data leakage than with genuine signal, although the primary reports did not always provide the information needed to definitively attribute them. Key themes include: (1) identification of differentially expressed genes through meta-analysis of transcriptomic data; (2) validation of predictive gene features from large-scale WES; (3) detection of non-coding regulatory mutations affecting synaptic transmission pathways; (4) discovery of gut microbiome signatures associated with ASD classification; and (5) discovery of data-driven subtypes enabling precision medicine stratification. Critical challenges include population bias toward European ancestry, socioeconomic ascertainment bias, modest predictive effect sizes, conflation of association with causation, and gaps between computational prediction and clinical utility. Future directions emphasize multi-modal data integration, diverse cohort expansion, engagement with neurodiversity perspectives, and regulatory science development.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":" ","pages":"309-328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal Pain Management in Emergency Medicine: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Behcet Al, Fatih Turkmen","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.76570","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.76570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pain is one of the most common reasons for presentation to the emergency department, yet it remains frequently undertreated despite effective therapies. Emergency physicians must provide timely analgesia while accounting for diagnostic uncertainty, patient heterogeneity, and safety concerns, particularly related to opioid use. This narrative review synthesizes contemporary evidence on multimodal pain management in emergency medicine. A focused literature search of PubMed and Scopus was conducted to identify studies published between 2015 and 2025, as well as selected landmark studies and major clinical guidelines. Multimodal analgesia, combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies targeting different pain pathways, is associated with improved pain control and reduced opioid use in emergency settings. Key elements include early pain assessment, timely initiation of therapy, opioid-sparing approaches, and use of non-opioid analgesics, low-dose ketamine, and regional anesthesia. Implementation remains inconsistent due to operational constraints such as overcrowding, workflow pressures, and variability in clinician experience. A structured, patient-centered multimodal approach may improve pain control and support safer, more consistent analgesic care in emergency medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 2","pages":"219-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Value of the Intermountain Mortality Risk Score for Saphenous Vein Graft Degeneration: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.","authors":"Suha Asal, Sahhan Kılıc, Mert Babaoglu, Mohaddeseh Davoudi Bilehsavar, Yusuf Turan Gul, Hatice Altınısık, Samet Yavuz, Akin Torun, Didar Mırzamıdınov, Tufan Cınar, Ahmet L Orhan","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.26043","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.26043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Intermountain Risk Score (IMRS), derived from routine laboratory parameters, predicts cardiovascular outcomes. Its association with saphenous vein graft degeneration (SVGD) post-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains underexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 261 CABG patients who underwent coronary angiography. SVGD was defined as ≥50% graft stenosis. IMRS was calculated using laboratory data, age, and sex. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to assess IMRS's predictive value for SVGD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 261 patients, 138 (52.9%) had SVGD. The SVGD group had higher median IMRS scores (12.5 vs. 10, p<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, IMRS was an independent predictor of SVGD (OR 1.640, 95% CI 1.310-2.054, p<0.001), as were chronic kidney disease and smoking. ROC analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.676, with a cutoff of IMRS >12 yielding a specificity of 83% and a sensitivity of 50%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated IMRS independently predicts SVGD in post-CABG patients. As a cost-effective tool, IMRS may guide preoperative risk stratification and postoperative prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 2","pages":"164-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Insulin Efsitora for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study.","authors":"Sidar Copur, Berk Mizrak, Lasin Ozbek, Duygu Ucku, Adnan Batman, Abduzhappar Gaipov, Adrian Covic, Daniel van Raalte, Mehmet Kanbay","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.35858","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.35858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Even though insulin therapy is the cornerstone of diabetes mellitus management, multiple daily injections are associated with poor adherence. Once-weekly basal insulin therapy has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach and is being evaluated in multiple ongoing clinical trials. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once-weekly insulin efsitora therapy compared with once-daily basal insulin therapy in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Primary endpoints include glycemic control, assessed via HbA1c reduction, and hypoglycemia, classified as level 1 (54-69 mg/dL), level 2 (<54 mg/dl), or level 3 (any hypoglycemic episode characterized by altered mental and/or physical functioning requiring assistance). We have performed a systematic review and meta-analysis through an extensive literature search of major databases including Scopus, PubMed/Medline, and Cochrane databases, and have only included randomized controlled trials. We have included 5 randomized controlled trials comprising a total of 2,562 patients: 1,358 (53%) in the insulin efsitora arm and 1,204 (47%) in the insulin degludec arm. Our data show that insulin efsitora therapy achieved a similar HbA1c reduction overall (estimated treatment difference (ETD) 0.08%, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.17; I² = 42.6%), in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (ETD 0.10%, 95% CI -0.64-0.85; I² =24.0%) and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (ETD 0.05%, 95% CI -0.25 - 0.26; I² = 38.1%) compared with insulin degludec therapy. Moreover, no statistically significant differences were identified in overall hypoglycemic events, level 2 or 3 hypoglycemic episodes, or nocturnal hypoglycemia, irrespective of diabetes mellitus subtype. Our meta-analysis shows no statistically significant difference between once-weekly insulin efsitora therapy and insulin degludec therapy in terms of glycemic control and hypoglycemic events.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 2","pages":"203-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Flow-Controlled Ventilation on Mechanical Power in Laparoscopic Surgeries: A Comparative Analysis with Pressure Controlled Volume Guaranteed and Volume Controlled Ventilation.","authors":"Ayse Sencan, Nurseda Dundar, Bedirhan Gunel, Ahmet Yuksek","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.77001","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.77001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":" ","pages":"232-233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Application of Cocoa Extract in Preventing Skin Cancer Through Inhibition of Adenosine Receptor A2, VEGFR-2, and BCL-2: <i>in vivo</i> and Docking Molecular Studies.","authors":"Siswanto Wahab, Khairuddin Djawad","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.47905","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.47905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Skin cancer is a growing global health issue. Natural compounds with multi-pathway activity are promising chemopreventive agents. Cocoa extract contains bioactive components that may inhibit cancer-related molecular pathways, such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids. This study aims to assess the chemopreventive potential of cocoa extract against skin cancer by targeting the adenosine A2 receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), and by modulating B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) expression, using both <i>in vivo</i> and molecular docking methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty female Swiss mice were treated with (7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene) and (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) to induce squamous cell carcinoma. Cocoa extract (1600 ppm) was administered as a preventive treatment for 12 weeks. Measurements included flavonoid and polyphenol content, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, BCL-2 protein expression, and histopathological evaluation. Molecular docking was performed to assess interactions between cocoa compounds and adenosine A2 and VEGFR2 receptors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cocoa extract contained 118.72 μg of flavonoids and 66.24 mg of polyphenols. Theobromine inhibited adenosine A2 receptor activity and reduced interleukin-8 expression. Procyanidin and epicatechin bound to VEGFR2, potentially suppressing angiogenesis. Immunohistochemistry showed significant reductions in both BCL-2 expression (p=0.035) and MDA levels (p=0.001), indicating decreased oxidative stress. Histological analysis revealed milder dysplasia in the cocoa-treated group compared to controls (p=0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cocoa extract demonstrates potential as a natural chemopreventive agent against skin cancer through antioxidant activity, anti-angiogenesis, and apoptosis modulation pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 2","pages":"192-202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}