Medeniyet medical journal最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the Educational Quality of Benign Prostate Surgery Videos on YouTube: A Human and AI-Based Comparative Analysis.","authors":"Murat Beyatli, Tuncel Uzel, Nurullah Mustafa Sisik, Hasan Samet Gungor, Abdurrahman Inkaya, Resul Sobay, Isa Dagli, Ahmet Tahra, Eyup Veli Kucuk","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.38586","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.38586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>YouTube has become an increasingly popular platform for surgical education, yet the quality and reliability of its medical content remain uncertain. With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), models such as ChatGPT offer new possibilities for automated educational content evaluation. This study aimed to compare human and AI-based assessments of the educational quality and reliability of YouTube videos on benign prostate surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 100 videos of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), transvesical prostatectomy, and thulium fiber laser enucleation of the prostate were analyzed. Two urology specialists and ChatGPT-5 (in two independent runs) evaluated each video using the Global Quality Score (GQS) and the modified DISCERN tool. Popularity metrics (views, likes, subscribers, duration) were also recorded. Non-parametric statistical tests and Spearman correlation analyses were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Human raters assigned significantly higher DISCERN and GQS scores than both AI runs (p<0.01). TURP videos consistently received lower scores across all evaluators. No significant quality differences were found among video sources. Both AI runs showed strong internal consistency (ρ=0.62-0.75) and reproduced human rating patterns, though with lower mean values. Engagement metrics showed weak or no correlation with quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI models can provide consistent, scalable quality assessments but still underestimate educational value compared with human experts. Hybrid AI-expert evaluation may enhance the reliability of the appraisal of online surgical videos.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Sensitization and Neuropathic Pain in Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Tugce Pasin, Bilinc Dogruoz Karatekin, Belgin Erhan, Ozge Pasin","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.60497","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.60497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) is a common complication that can significantly impair motor recovery, functional independence, and quality of life in stroke survivors. Although the condition has traditionally been attributed to musculoskeletal factors, recent evidence highlights the roles of neuropathic pain and central sensitization in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between central sensitization, neuropathic pain, and functional independence in patients with and without post-stroke shoulder pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 97 chronic stroke patients (mean age: 55.55±12.51 years; 30 females, 67 males) who were divided into two groups based on the presence of shoulder pain. The probability of neuropathic pain was assessed using the Self-Administered Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS) and central sensitization was measured using the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). Motor recovery was evaluated with Brunnstrom staging, and functional independence with the Barthel Index. Group comparisons, correlation analyses, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Shoulder pain was present in 58.8% of participants. Patients with shoulder pain had significantly higher LANSS (14.49±8.23 vs. 2.45±3.83, p<0.001) and CSI scores (53.36±18.16 vs. 27.70±8.55, p<0.001), and lower Barthel Index scores (55.70±28.08 vs. 81.50±16.33, p<0.001). Strong positive correlations were found between CSI and LANSS (r=0.861, p <0.001), while both measures were strongly negatively correlated with the Barthel Index (r=-0.850, p<0.001). Logistic regression identified female gender [odds ratio (OR)=106.48, 95% CI: 13.24-855.00, p<0.001], a higher CSI score [OR=1.21, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.10-1.33, p<0.001], and a lower Barthel Index (OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.87-0.95, p<0.001) as independent predictors of shoulder pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among chronic stroke patients, HSP was strongly associated with greater central sensitization, neuropathic pain, and reduced functional independence. Screening with CSI and S-LANSS may help identify patients with a higher symptom burden and inform more individualized rehabilitation approaches that address both peripheral and central pain mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Serum Claudin-5 Levels in Patients with Heroin Addiction.","authors":"Yusuf Cokunlu, Kamile Yucel, Ikbal Inanli, Aykut Senol, Basak Demirel","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.70948","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.70948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we investigated the potential effects of heroin on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) through the claudin-5 protein.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 108 subjects participated in this study, of whom 53 were individuals with heroin addiction (HA) and 55 were healthy controls (C). 26 patients were active heroin users (AHU), and 27 were in remission (R).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results show that claudin-5 levels were significantly elevated in the HA group compared with healthy individuals. This elevation was present in both HA subgroups (AHU and R). In our receiver operating characteristic analysis to determine the discriminatory power of claudin-5 values, we obtained the highest area under the curve (AUC) values for the comparison of the R-C group, the HA-C group, and the AHU-C group (AUC: 0.824, 0.813, 0.803, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that serum claudin-5 concentrations are significantly elevated in individuals with HA, regardless of the current phase of drug use, indicating persistent changes in the BBB. Claudin-5 may be a promising peripheral biomarker for heroin-related neurovascular disorder. However, further longitudinal and mechanistic studies are needed to elucidate the temporal dynamics of claudin-5 expression and its relationship to neurobiological recovery during R.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"<i>PARP-1</i> rs1136410 Polymorphism and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Cancer-Type and Ethnic-Specific Associations\".","authors":"Onur Alkan, Ismail Nazli, Ahmet Basgoze","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.71654","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.71654","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"114-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor Regarding \"<i>PARP-1</i> rs1136410 Polymorphism and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Cancer-Type and Ethnic-Specific Associations\".","authors":"Amirhosein Naseri, Mohammad Hossein Antikchi, Mehdi Khosravi Mashizi, Hossein Neamatzadeh","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.15098","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.15098","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"116-117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Protective Effect of Carvacrol Against Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats.","authors":"Seyhan Ayık, Hamza Dogukan Erfirat, Onural Ozhan, Mehmet Gunata, Azibe Yildiz, Merve Durhan, Yilmaz Cigremis, Hakan Parlakpinar","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.79735","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.79735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury involves oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. Given carvacrol (CAR)'s antioxidant and cardioprotective properties, we aimed to investigate its protection against ISO-induced myocardial injury in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty male Wistar albino rats were assigned to three groups: Control; ISO (100 mg/kg, subcutaneous, for 2 days); and CAR+ISO (CAR 50 mg/kg/day, orally at 9:00, for 7 days + ISO at 16:00 on days 6-7). CAR and ISO doses were chosen based on prior evidence of CAR's antioxidant effects and ISO-induced oxidative cardiac stress. Diastolic and mean arterial pressures, corrected QT interval (QTc), T-wave changes, and serum troponin I levels were assessed. Cardiac OS biomarkers [malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)] and histopathology were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ISO markedly increased troponin I from 43.9 to 508.9 ng/mL and slightly reduced GSH from 1502.4 to 1330 nmol/g wet tissue and SOD from 1080.25 to 1010.34 U/g protein. ISO markedly reduced MDA (95.30 to 71.78 nmol/g wet tissue at 535 nm; 77.49 to 61.24 nmol/g wet tissue at 520 nm), likely due to depletion of lipid peroxidation substrates caused by excessive reactive oxygen species production, while slightly increasing CAT (132.66 to 162.04 K/g protein), possibly as a compensatory response. QTc and histopathological scores increased significantly; histopathological components were cardiomyocyte degeneration (CD) (range, 0.0 to 2.0), interstitial edema (IE) (range, 0.0 to 2.0), and granulation tissue (GT) (range, 0.0 to 1.0). CAR attenuated electrocardiographic abnormalities, significantly reduced troponin I (from 508.9 to 38.05 ng/mL), and restored GSH (from 1330 to 1396.8), SOD (from 1010.34 to 1094.42), and CAT (from 162.04 to 135.58). CAR significantly ameliorated histopathological scores: CD (2.0 to 1.0), IE (2.0 to 1.0), and GT (1.0 to 0.0).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CAR exerts protective effects against ISO-induced myocardial injury via antioxidant, membrane-stabilizing, and possible anti-arrhythmic properties. These findings support the therapeutic potential of CAR in OS-mediated cardiac pathologies and warrant further investigation in chronic and molecularly targeted models.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"10-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Standard Culture: Diagnostic Value of Ureaplasma and Chlamydia in Women with UTI Symptoms.","authors":"Ali Egemen Avci, Basri Cakiroglu, Meftun Culpan, Turhan Caskurlu","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.89657","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.89657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence, diagnostic contribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of atypical sexually transmitted pathogens-<i>Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum)</i> and <i>Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis)</i>-in sexually active women presenting with urinary tract infection symptoms, particularly in cases with pyuria and negative standard cultures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 185 sexually active women aged ≥18 years presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms and pyuria (≥10 WBC/ high-power field were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with fever or flank pain suggesting pyelonephritis were excluded. Conventional urine culture (significant growth ≥10⁵ colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL), colorimetric culture for <i>U. urealyticum</i> (≥10⁴ CCU/mL considered clinically significant), and multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for <i>C. trachomatis</i> were performed. Antimicrobial susceptibility of <i>U. urealyticum</i> was assessed using both colorimetric testing and broth microdilution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Conventional urine culture was positive in 62/185 (33.5%) patients, with <i>Escherichia coli</i> detected in 41/185 (22.2%). Among the 123 culture-negative patients, 60 (48.8%) tested positive for atypical pathogens. Overall prevalence rates were 31.4% for <i>U. urealyticum</i>, 17,8% for <i>C. trachomatis</i>, and 1.6% for co-infection, following correction of previous reporting errors. The addition of molecular testing increased the diagnostic yield from 33.5% to 65.9%. <i>U. urealyticum</i> demonstrated the highest susceptibility to minocycline and levofloxacin (86.7%), followed by erythromycin (83.3%) and tetracycline (79.6), whereas marked resistance to clindamycin (77.3%) was noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Atypical pathogens are prevalent and frequently underdiagnosed causes of lower urinary tract symptoms in women with negative standard urine cultures. Integrating molecular and specialized culture methods substantially enhances diagnostic accuracy and enables targeted therapy. Tetracyclines and macrolides appear to be the most appropriate empirical treatment options in settings with a high prevalence of <i>U. urealyticum</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Hypoxia-Conditioned MSC Exosomes' Effects on GM-CSF and IL-1α Expression in a Rat Model of Androgenic Alopecia.","authors":"Virgina Destiana Suhendar, Eko Setiawan, Sri Priyantini","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.97832","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.97832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the effects of hypoxia-conditioned mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (EH-MSCs) on granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-1α (IL-1α) expression in a dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced murine model of androgenetic alopecia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This experimental study employed a randomized posttest-only control-group with 34 male C57BL/6 mice. These mice were divided into five groups: healthy control Group 1 (G1); DHT-induced control receiving saline (G2); DHT-induced mice treated with topical 5% minoxidil (G3); DHT-induced mice treated with EH-MSCs at 100 μg/kgBW (G4); and DHT-induced mice treated with EH-MSCs at 200 μg/kgBW (G5). The MSCs were isolated from umbilical cords, validated based on morphology, surface marker expression, and differentiation assays, and the exosomes were characterized by the presence of CD63 and CD9 markers. Gene expression of GM-CSF and IL-1α was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses included ANOVA or non-parametric equivalents, with p<0.05 being considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EH-MSC treatment significantly modulated cytokine expression compared with controls. GM-CSF expression was upregulated in EH-MSC groups, with the highest level being found in G5 (3.42±0.31). This showed a dose-dependent effect (p<0.001). Conversely, IL-1α expression was downregulated, with the lowest level being found in G5 (0.95±0.33). This indicated potent anti-inflammatory activity (p=0.001). Finally, minoxidil did not significantly reduce IL-1α levels compared with saline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EH-MSCs increased GM-CSF and decreased IL-1α expression in a dose-dependent manner, demonstrating dual regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects. These findings support the idea that EH-MSCs can serve as a promising therapeutic candidate for androgenetic alopecia.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knee Realignment, Life Realigned: A Systematic Review on KOOS-QOL Improvement after Osteotomy.","authors":"Edi Mustamsir, Galih Pragiwaksana","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.48733","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.48733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Degenerative knee osteoarthritis (OA) impairs joint function and quality of life. Osteotomies such as distal femoral osteotomy (DFO), double level osteotomy (DLO), and medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) aim to restore alignment and function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Studies from 2019-2024 were identified from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Included studies reported Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome score (KOOS) quality of life scores (QOL) before and after surgery in patients with varus deformity and compartmental OA. Eight studies with 501 patients were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All techniques improved KOOS scores. The greatest improvement was seen in DFO (standardized mean difference=-3.13), followed by DLO (-2.44) and MOWHTO (-2.38). Heterogeneity ranged from 0% to 24%. DFO showed the highest improvement with lower complication risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DFO provides the greatest QOL improvement. DLO is useful for complex deformities, while MOWHTO suits active patients. Standardized techniques and advanced technologies are needed for optimal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"24-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Anterior Segment Parameters in Non-Ocular Pediatric Behçet's Disease.","authors":"Eyupcan Sensoy, Yasemin Ozdamar Erol, Burcu Kazanci, Esra Baglan, Nesibe Gokce Kocamaz, Semanur Ozdel","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.58486","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2026.58486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the ocular anterior segment parameters in pediatric Behçet's disease (BD) without ocular involvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on 21 pediatric BD patients without ocular involvement and 24 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients were recorded. Central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal endothelial cell density (CD), coefficient of variation (CV), hexagonal cell ratio (HEX), standard deviation (SD), and average cellular area (AVG), as evaluated by specular microscopy, were recorded. Minimum thickness (Thk_min), epithelial minimum and maximum thicknesses (Epi-Thkmin-_max), stromal Thk_min (Str-Thk_min), keratometric front and back maximum power (KFmax, KB_max), simulated keratometry -flat (Kflat), steep (Ksteep), and average (Kavg)-, and front and back elevation values (Elf, Elb) values measured with a corneal topography device were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the pediatric BD patients, 13 (61.9%) were girls, 8 (38.1%) were boys, and the mean age was 13.24±3.09 years. Of the healthy control patients, 14 (58.3%) were girls, 10 (41.7%) were boys, and the mean age was 13.29±2.96 years. No statistically significant differences were found in CCT, CD, CV, HEX, SD, and AVG values obtained by specular microscopy between pediatric BD patients without ocular involvement and healthy controls (p>0.05). In addition, no statistically significant differences were found between the Thkmin, Epi-Thkmin, Epi-Thkmax, Str-Thkmin, KFmax, KBmax, Kflat, Ksteep, Kavg, Elf, and Elb values in the corneal topography results of both groups (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No detectable changes in corneal parameters were observed in pediatric BD patients without ocular involvement. The anterior segment is an immune-privileged site.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}