Studia Celto-Slavica最新文献

{"title":"Filled Pauses in Modern Irish","authors":"Marina Snesareva","doi":"10.54586/admy5105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/admy5105","url":null,"abstract":"In every language there are different types of pauses, the most general division being made between filled and unfilled ones (Trouvain 2003: 27). The latter type either consists of silence or is phonetically filled with breathing, whereas in the former the so-called fillers of different kinds (separate sounds, syllables and even whole words) are used. In Modern Irish filled pauses occur quite frequently in spontaneous speech, especially on the phrase border which can be accounted for by the fact that in such speech the process of formulating thoughts takes place at the very moment of speaking. Thus, it is not uncommon that the verb is chosen as the pause filler due to its initial position. In these cases auxiliary verbs are often used (different forms of the verb ‘to be’ tá, bhí and of the copula is, an). Some other instances include pauses filled by particles (in interrogative sentences) and articles, if a noun takes the initial place in emphatic construction. The present paper presents an analysis of some of such cases based on Connacht Irish material.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128494735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“И престол его утвердится Правдою”: Концепция «праведного правления» в древней Ирландии (“And his throne will be upheld by justice”: The Concept of Righteous Ruling in Early Ireland)","authors":"M. Fomin","doi":"10.54586/mzig8911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/mzig8911","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the concept of righteous ruling survived in the early Irish wisdom-literature. Mainly concerned with such texts as De duodecim abusivis saeculi, Audacht Moraind, and Tecosca Cormaic, the good deal of attention is devoted to the concept of iustitia regis and fír(inne) flathemon. Being the central principle of the wisdom-texts genre, its descriptions represent an elaborate exposition of the characteristics of a righteous ruler. The author focuses on such topics as the creative consequences of the just ruling and the destructive consequences of the unjust one, both in Hiberno-Latin and in Early Irish sources. The ethical notions pertinent to the texts of the genre are also dealt with. They are not necessarily Christian, although the modern scholarship tends to connect the “righteous ruler” concept exclusively to the Christian morality.  Drawing to the conclusion, the author brings some light on the problem of the concept’s origin and its genesis, its Christian editing and its synthetic (native Irish-cum-Christian) character. The final passages are devoted to the fate of the concept of the righteous ruler developed by the Irish clerical scribes in the works of the authors of the Carolingian Europe and those of the early medieval Kiev Rus. The analogies and ideas outlined were not necessarily borrowed from the common source: their provenance in the sources, such as The Life of Charles the Great by Einhardt and The Instruction by Vladimir the Monomachus, may obtain a cultural typological character.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127078273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Несколько гипотез о происхождении порядка знаков древнегерманского рунического алфавита и древнеирландского огамического письма (On the Origins of Old Germanic Runic Alphabet and Early Irish Ogham)","authors":"Natalia N. Pimenova","doi":"10.54586/quru7279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/quru7279","url":null,"abstract":"Sowohl das keltische Ogom als auch das germanische Futhark weisen einmalige Reihenfolgen auf, für die bisher keine Interpretation gefunden wurde. Die Zusammensetzung des Ogoms und des Futharks wird meistens durch komplizierte phonologische oder mathematische (das Atbasch-System) Umstellungen erklärt. Dabei wird außer Acht gelassen, dass gerade die Reihenfolge von Zeichen die beständigste Komponente in entlehnten Alphabeten darstellt. Nach der Hypothese der Verfasserin kann die Reihenfolge der germanischen Runen das Ergebnis einer längeren Evolution darstellen. Im Beitrag wird gezeigt, wie der Einfluss verschiedener südeuropäischer Alphabete die Zeichenkombinationen am Anfang und am Ende des Futharks ergeben konnte. Die ungewöhnliche Stellung der Zeichen für b, d, g könnte damit begründet sein, dass die entlehnte ursprüngliche Reihe keine Zeichen für stimmhafte Verschlusslaute hatte. Dies weist auf ein ethruskisches oder aus dem Ethruskischen entlehntes Alphabet hin. Beim späteren Hinzufügen der Zeichen für b, d, g waren die typologischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten der Anpassung von Alphabeten wirksam: neue Zeichen wurden entweder ans Ende der Reihe oder neben Zeichen mit ähnlichen Lautwerten gestellt, wobei bei dem Lautwert die Artikulationsstelle entscheidend war. Die Anfangskombination f u þ a r dürfte durch eine Umstellung oder eine Umdeutung von ähnlichen Zeichen beim Kontakt verschiedener Schrifttraditionen entstanden sein. Im Unterschied zu den früheren Hypothesen (G.Hempl, H.Arntz, O.Haas) werden mögliche Einzelschritte dieser Modifikation analysiert. Die vor der Umstellung vorhandene Reihenfolge konnte der Reihenfolge der klassischen Alphabete a (b g) d e v z h entsprechen. Bei der Umstellung von ähnlichen v (Lautwert f) und a (wohl in Kontaktzonen, wo die Schreibung von f und a verwechselt wurde) ergab sich die Folge f (b g) d e a z h. Der Buchstabe d hatte in dieser Folge den Lautwert þ, z bekam durch eine Latinisierung der Reihe den Lautwert r. Das Zeichen e, das in der archaischen Schreibung fast wie a aussah, wurde aus der Gruppe f þ e a r h verschoben. Das Hinzufügen der w-Rune konnte erst nach der Umstellung von f-a erfolgen. Als eine Parallele zum Futhark kann man das irische Ogom betrachten. Es ist beachtenswert, dass Zeichen für Konsonanten, die im Ogom durch diegleiche Zahl von Strichen gebildet sind, auch im Futhark nebeneinaderstehen: \u0000Ogom /v t ŋ/ - u Futhark f u þ a (r k) g\u0000 /n q r/ - i r k (g w h) n i j\u0000 /s c z/ - e (p ʀ) s t\u0000 /b h m/ - a b (e) m\u0000 /l d g/ - o l d ŋ o\u0000 Die Ähnlichkeiten in Zeichenkombinationen dürften für die Entlehnung aus einer gemeinsamen Quelle oder aus verwandten Quellen und für ähnliche Modifikationen der entlehnten Reihe zeugen. Die unterschiedliche Zeichenzahl im Ogom und im Futhark sowie die Abweichungen im Lautwert und in der Reihenfolge einiger Zeichen können sich aus dem unterschiedlichen Phonembestand der altkeltischen und altgermanischen Dialekte erklären.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124121958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Celts and the Slavs: On K. H. Schmidt's Hypothesis on the Eastern Origin of the Celts","authors":"V. Kalygin","doi":"10.54586/bgad3933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/bgad3933","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper is an homage to the works of K. H. Schmidt; it explores a number of linguistic links between Celtic and Slavic branches of Indo-European. Special attention is devoted to the relative chronology of possible contacts of Celtic and Slavic tribes, and an attempt to fit those into the general European picture is made. First, the author points out to the existence of *-sie-/-sio- future forms in Continental Celtic, which stand as good evidence for contacts of at least some Celtic tribes with Eastern Europeans. Alongside with this go such parallels as the relative pronoun *ios and reduplicated desiderative (preserved in Old Irish as future). Second, there are number of Celto-Slavic isoglosses; these sometimes show identical, sometimes different grades of ablaut, as well as variations in suffixation. Here the author analyses a handful of popular etymological suggestions and finds a few of them unsatisfactory. Finally, the author mentions such long-distanced parallels between Celtic and Slavic, as the development of the system of aspect, on the one hand, and palatalisation, on the other.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126754441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irish in the West Indies: Irish Influence on the Formation of English-Based Creoles","authors":"Elena Perekhvalskaya","doi":"10.54586/aptm9262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/aptm9262","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the problem of the early stages of creole formation. The significant structural and material similarities between the aspectual systems of the verb in Hiberno-English and in the West Indies English-based creoles are demonstrated. Suggestions are made about the possible impact of the Irish language on the formation of the English-based creoles in the early stages of creolisation. The historical evidence which proves the possibility of language contact between Irish, English and West African languages in the Caribbean in the past is provided.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126825993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perfect and Possessive Structures in Irish and Russian","authors":"Viktor Bayda","doi":"10.54586/koif5662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/koif5662","url":null,"abstract":"The present article has two main objectives. First of, all it aims to introduce Slavonic data into the discussion of the Irish perfect. As the perfect is a category which is not often used by the literati who have been the only source of written evidence on language history for centuries, its development remains concealed to a considerable extent. This lack of diachronic data leads us to hypothetical reconstructions. The Russian literary and dialectal perfect forms may provide some evidence as to how a similar structure may have also developed in Irish. Certain explanations of the Russian form could thus be equally applicable to the making of the Irish perfect. Presenting these explanations and the ways of applying them to the Irish perfect forms the second objective of the article.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133736559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Происхождение имени Кухулина (The Origin of Cú Chulainn’s Name)","authors":"V. Ivanov","doi":"10.54586/uvip1646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/uvip1646","url":null,"abstract":"Внутренняя форма имени мифологического или эпического героя часто может быть объяснена ситуацией (или набором ситуаций), с которой прежде всего связывается этот герой. В таких случаях это имя может рассматриваться как минимальный текст, являющийся переводом соответствующей ситуации . Эта ситуация может быть полностью (или почти полностью) восстановлена благодаря анализу более обширных мифологических и эпических текстов, в которых употребляется соответствующее имя (это последнее можно рассматривать как минимальный текст, включенный в состав более пространных текстов, соотносящихся с этой же ситуацией). Если в родственной языковой и мифологической традиции сохраняется имя, по внутренней форме совпадающее с исследуемым именем, то и для этой второй традиции можно реконструировать соответствующую ситуацию, хотя она в этой второй традиции отражена лишь в имени – минимальном тексте, но не в более обширных текстах. Следовательно, сравнение имен – минимальных текстов – и более обширных тестов, включающих эти имена, оказывается средством для сравнения и реконструкции ситуаций, с ними соотносимых. Такие выводы, в частности, можно сделать при сравнении имени Кухулина и связанных с ним ирландских преданий, с одной стороны , и соответствующих элементов других индоевропейских языковых и мифологических систем – с другой.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130446626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trawsffurfiadau Gwyn ap Nudd: O Lenyddiaeth Ganoloesol i Gredoau Neo-Baganaidd (The Transformations of Gwyn ap Nudd)","authors":"Angelika Heike Rüdiger","doi":"10.54586/huqz3655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/huqz3655","url":null,"abstract":"Mae nodweddion cymeriadau sy’n cael eu defnyddio mewn rhyddiaith a barddoniaeth am gryn amser wrth gwrs yn newid wrth i’r hanesion gael eu hailadrodd. Bydd y trawsffurfiadau hyn yn amlhau pan fo’r traddodiadau llafar a llenyddol yn effeithio ar ei gilydd, ac mae cymeriad Gwyn ap Nudd (brenin Annwn a brenin y Tylwyth Teg) yn perthyn i’r categori hwn. Mae Gwyn i’w weld yn y traddodiadau rhyddiaith a barddoniaeth o’r canol oesoedd (Bartrum 1993: 351; Foster 1953; Roberts 1980/81; Rüdiger 2012). Ac yntau wedi ei fabwysiadu gan y mudiad neo-Baganaidd yn hanner cyntaf y ganrif ddiwethaf, caiff ei ddefnyddio mewn credoau sy’n dehongli cymeriadau canoloesol Cymraeg fel hen dduwiau neu dduwiesau (Hutton 1999: 192; Rüdiger 2012: 68-77). Eto, ysgolheigion Cymreig y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg sydd bennaf gyfrifol am ysgogi’r datblygiad hwn sy’n priodoli ystyr newydd i’r cymeriadau. Creffir yn yr ysgrif hon ar y datblygiadau hyn yng nghymeriad Gwyn ap Nudd, o’r testunau hynaf, trwy waith John Rhŷs, hyd Robert Graves a Gerald Gardner a’r credoau neo-Baganaidd.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117189019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Пять пятин Ирландии: новое, неожиданное предположение? (Five Fifths of Ireland: New Approach)","authors":"Tatyana Mikhailova","doi":"10.54586/pqqb9019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/pqqb9019","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of the so-called ‘five fifths of Ireland’ remains unresolved up to now, in spite of numerous attempts to find a solution to this linguistic and geographical contradiction. In Modern Irish, traditional provinces of Ireland are called cúige (‘a fifth’), but there are only four (Ulster, Leinster, Munster and Connacht) of them. The same names of the four provinces were known in the Early Irish literature (cóiced Ulad etc). The Irish literati envisaged that contradiction and made some attempts to resolve it in early mythological and pseudo-historical sources (in sagas and poetry). According to their pseudo-historical theory, the province of Munster was further divided into ‘the fifth of Cú Roí’ and ‘the fifth of Eochu mac Luchta’. At the same time, the compiler of the saga ‘The Settling of the Manor of Tara’ proposes a theory of the sacred centre (Tara, the seat of kingship, and/or the hill Uisnech, the centre of druidism) of Ireland and of the four subject provinces or zones – North, South, East and West. The idea of of the dominant Goidelic race led T.F. O’Rahilly to propose the existence of the Midland kingdom. Rees Brothers added to this theory a veil of universal cosmology. We would like to propose another solution to this problem. It is not based upon the traditional cosmological or geographical principle of division of a country, but on another one, which can also be presented as the ‘traditional’ principle as far as the geography of the Ancient World is concerned. In reality, it may well be that Ireland was divided into five parts, but this so-called ‘native’ division of the island persisted for a short time only. The idea of the ‘five fifths’ preserved in Irish mythology and pseudo-history was supported by the symbolic role of the number ‘five’ in Irish tradition. Thus, the ‘power of word’ or a word-hypnosis influenced historical and native geographical tradition.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"331 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134330193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Writing Britain's Celtic History in the Nineteenth Century: The Study of Folk Tradition by Sir John Rhŷs","authors":"Angelika Heike Rüdiger","doi":"10.54586/uitt9738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/uitt9738","url":null,"abstract":"Sir John Rhŷs was the first professor of Celtic studies in Oxford and was also a renowned collector of Welsh folklore. This paper explores how Rhŷs used tales and narrative motifs from folklore, especially those related to traditions of the Tylwyth Teg, the Welsh fairies, to construct and support his idea of Britain’s prehistory. In this context, it will be shown how he employed contemporary ideas based on social Darwinism, such as the development of social organization according to Bachofen, Morgan and Engels and the development of religion according to Frazer.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133174640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}