Studia Celto-Slavica最新文献

{"title":"British and Roman Names from the Sulis-Minerva Temple: Two Solutions to an Old Problem","authors":"Tatyana Mikhailova","doi":"10.54586/yago6174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/yago6174","url":null,"abstract":"Any personal name found within a charm fits into one of two categories: background name (a name of a deity/saint, referring to the author’s confessional identity) or subject name (the particular name of a person for/against whom the charm is intended). By the ‘subject name’ we understand any proper name in the text of a charm, which transforms a ‘recipe’ (the term of J. G. Gager) of a potentially magical text into a real magical performance. According to the observation of V. N. Toporov, introducing a personal name into a charm is mandatory: “A text of a charm is a mere text and nothing more, until a name is incorporated into its large immutable body. It is only adding the name, uttering it turns a verbal text into a ritual performance, that is, into an actual charm that works as such.” However, in many cases putting a name (subject name) into the charm is impossible, because it is not known either to the charmer or to his/her customer, the charm not being intended against a particular person. This is exactly the case with charms against thieves, which are quite widespread. Charms of this type are generally referred to as ‘Justice Prayers’. Tablets of that type were found in abundance during the excavations at the Bath site of the Roman temple dedicated to the goddess Sulis Minerva. This site, with its natural hot spring that has been believed to have healing properties up to now, had already been worshipped in the pre-Roman era and was associated with the goddess Sulis whom the Romans would later identify with Minerva. Among the multiple archaeological findings made at the site (such as coins or votive images of body parts allegedly healed by the goddess), there are 130 lead tablets of diverse contents. Along with name lists and commendations addressed to the goddess, there is a considerable proportion of tablets that can also be categorized as Justice Prayers. Their authors address Sulis in order to return stolen things. The explainable absence of subject names in these texts seems to indicate that they were replaced in the charms (Graeco-Roman defixiones being indeed charms) by the formula identifying the potential victim as ‘the one who has stolen my property’. Therefore, the invariable rule of introducing a personal name into the body of the charm, predicted by Toporov, seems to be fulfilled: we can suggest that the formula the man who took it might be classified as a substitute for the unknown subject name and is functionally aimed at creating the kind of uniqueness a charm needs to be actualized. But it is to note, that Justice Prayers, unlike conventional defixiones, contain, as a rule, the name of the aggrieved party. Conceivably, it is their name that stands for the subject name of the charm. The analysis of the use of verbal tenses in the tablets discovered a strange tendency: people with Roman names use the perfect of the verb involare ‘to steal’ (involavit), but persons with Brittonic names prefer to use the second future of the same","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122735340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loanwords in Welsh: Frequency Analysis on the Basis of Cronfa Electronaeg o Gymraeg","authors":"E. Parina","doi":"10.54586/hyzy2398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/hyzy2398","url":null,"abstract":"The Welsh language adopted words from several languages, the most important being Latin, Norman French and English. As noted by Prof. Hildegard Tristram, the issues of English influence on the Insular Celtic languages did not receive due attention because of political undercurrents of the British Isles [Tristram 2002: 258]. The research of T.H. Parry-Williams [Parry-Williams 1924] still remains the main work on the subject. The prevailing view of the Welsh-speaking community on this topic can be seen in the name of a series of articles in the Mabon journal during the 1970s: Sut i beidio ag ysgrifennu Saesneg yn Gymraeg (How not to write English in Welsh) (e.g. [Roberts 1973]). This prescriptivism is avoided mainly in dialectal and code-switching studies, which cannot be prescriptive by definition, but still there are many issues awaiting description. In our paper we would like to present the result of our research, in which we analyse loanwords in two Welsh corpora. The first should be more precisely called a text massive, as only a part of it is available electronically yet. It consists of the 11 texts of the Mabinogi in the broader, Lady Charlotte Guest’s, sense and represents a classical sample of the Middle Welsh prose language. The second is the Bangor corpus of the Modern Welsh language. Selecting the loanwords in the top 1000 of the most frequent words in both corpora and comparing those two lists provides ideas on the English/Latin loanwords ratio in the language, their place in the whole vocabulary, and the correlation between Middle and Modern Welsh. Taking into account the less frequent loanwords allows refining the results.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131207244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Celtic Element in Gallo-Romance Dialect Areas","authors":"Jean Le Dû","doi":"10.54586/sfww3511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/sfww3511","url":null,"abstract":"The history of the French language was initially marked by Celtomania, which saw Celtic roots everywhere. When this doctrine was discredited and discarded in the XIXth century, the role of the Germanic superstrate became hypertrophied, the more so that Breton, long considered a direct descendant of the native Gaulish, was ranked in the same period as an alien language imported from Great Britain into the Armorican peninsula. Relying on modern geolinguistics, I compare ALF (Atlas Linguistique de la France) maps with Breton ones, using the data recorded in Le Roux’s Atlas Linguistique de la Basse-Bretagne and Le Dû’s Nouvel Atlas Linguistique de la Basse-Bretagne. I shall try to show that several of theses maps reveal the presence of ALF data whose origin is clearly Celtic and not Germanic. The study of the Atlas Linguarum Europae and of the Atlas Linguistique Roman has shown that borders between languages and even language families are not waterproof. It is high time to develop such comparisons to bring about a new vision of the history of languages.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"65 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131293075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Place-names in Modern Scottish Gaelic Poetry","authors":"P. Stalmaszczyk","doi":"10.54586/ohzi1150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/ohzi1150","url":null,"abstract":"The significance of place-names in Celtic, especially Irish, literature has been extensively discussed in numerous studies. Though an important feature of older poetry, the usage of geographical names is employed also in contemporary verse, not only in Irish, but also in Scottish Gaelic. The preoccupation with places may be viewed as a broader awareness of the geographical setting, a point extensively discussed by Sorley MacLean (1985) in connection with the consciousness of the presence of the sea in the seventeenth-century Gaelic poetry. Place-names are often used as means of appropriateness of nature, and this is one of their major functions in Gaelic poetry.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131613927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Маѳъ Маѳонъвичь: Cyfieithiad Newydd o’r Mabinogi i (Hen) Rwsieg (Маѳъ Маѳонъвичь: A New Translation of the Mabinogi to (Old) Russian)","authors":"Dmitri Hrapof","doi":"10.54586/oowx2105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/oowx2105","url":null,"abstract":"Y cwestiwn cyntaf, efallai, yw a oes angen cyfieithiad newydd, a dau gyfieithiad o’r Mabinogi i’r Rwsieg yn bodoli’n barod? Yn anffodus, mae’r cyfieithiadau hynny yn anghyflawn ac weithiau yn wallus. Cafwyd y cyfieithiad cyntaf gan Liudmila Volodarskaia (2000): Кельты — Валлийские сказания — Мабиногион [Celtiaid — Chwedlau Cymreig — Mabinogion], ac am fod hwn yn gyfieithiad o Saesneg Charlotte Guest, mae’n Fictoraidd iawn ei naws (gw. yr adolygiad gan Parina (2003)). Gan Vadim Erlichman y cafwyd yr ail gyfieithiad, Мабиногион. Волшебные легенды Уэльса [Mabinogion. Chwedlau Hudol Cymru], a hwnnw bellach wedi ei argraffu ddwywaith (Erlichman 1995; Erlichman 2002). Trafodir yr argraffiad cyntaf gan Parina (2003) a’r ail argraffiad gan A. Falileyev (2002). Mae Erlichman yn dal iddo gyfieithu o destun Llyfr Coch Hergest — ac felly o Gymraeg Canol — ond oherwydd y camgymeriadau niferus, gwêl yr adolygwyr fod lle i amau a yw hynny’n hollol wir. Digon yw nodi i’r llythyren [v] Gymraeg gael ei thrawsgrifo yn [f] Rwsieg, yn hytrach na fel [v], er mwyn cadw enwau yn ‘hudol’ ac yn ‘egsotig’ (Erlichman 1995: 216).","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133585031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nation or the 'Local Organic Community'?: Ó Cadhain versus Ó Droighneáin","authors":"Fionntán de Brún","doi":"10.54586/ovyq6662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/ovyq6662","url":null,"abstract":"A series of letters in the magazine An tUltach gives an important insight into the rural/urban dichotomy which has characterised Revivalist discourse. The Republicanism of the writer Máirtín Ó Cadhain (1906–70) is tempered by the knowledge that while the cultural identity of the Gaeltacht [Irish-speaking area] has been instated as the official national image, this image was at odds with the social reality of emigration and rural decline. The state’s need to centralise and standardise the Gaelic culture of the rural west was vehemently opposed by Ó Cadhain who felt that the local organic community was being supplanted by a vampiric corporate machine. Muiris Ó Droighneáin (1901–79) represents that section of Irish society in towns and cities who had embraced the ‘imagined’ linguistic community and corporate identity of the Republic and saw the need to replace the local with the national, particularly in his obsessive advocacy of standardised Irish. This paper will examine how the national Revivalist movement paradoxically displaced the integrity of local communal identity in which Gaelic culture found its most enduring refuge.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134452096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russian Beckett: Paradoxes of Perception","authors":"N. Prozorova","doi":"10.54586/uvhv5264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/uvhv5264","url":null,"abstract":"This essay is focused on hermeneutical aspects of Samuel Beckett’s work. To be precise – on the problems of their perception and interpretation in contemporary Russia in the situation of “revaluation of values” that is typical of the new fin de siécle. The process of Russian perception of Beckett is connected with radical changes in the optics of our vision. Something outer and alien unexpectedly becomes inner and native when we apply the works by this “splendidly mad Irishman” to our own experience. Beckett’s works help us to feel the unity of European cultural tradition and the common fate of “all that fall”.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115549432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Late La Tène Decorated Scabbard from the Upper Dniester Area: A Far Relative of the Gundestrup Cauldron?","authors":"G. Kazakevich","doi":"10.54586/btqa1213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/btqa1213","url":null,"abstract":"The article touches upon the late La Tène scabbard with open work decoration from the Przeworsk burial n. 3 of the Gryniv cemetery (Upper Dniester area). It is pointed out that the Gryniv scabbard belongs to the same art style as the Gundestrup cauldron. The scabbard was made using the La Tène metalworking tradition, while its decoration demonstrates mainly a mixture of the Celtic and Thracian art practices and religious beliefs. It’s emergence in the Upper Dniester area may be explained as a result of the Bastarnae raid in Thracia in 29 BC. The artifact reflects complicated cultural interactions in late La Tene Central Europe in which Celtic, Germanic, Thracian and possibly Proto-Slavic groups were involved. Also it marks one of the possible ways from the Balkans to the Jutland which had been passed by the Gundestrup cauldron itself.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123432463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russians in the Western Isles","authors":"A. Titley","doi":"10.54586/aghi9799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/aghi9799","url":null,"abstract":"Although the Russians may have not been as active in rolling their tanks across countries as many other imperialist nations, they nonetheless have a presence where we least expect them. The connections between Russia and Scotland are tenuous enough, and yet a Russian presence is palpable in several contemporary Scottish Gaelic novels. Of all the modern literary forms, the Gaelic novel is the least developed, but there has been a fruitful growth in the genre in the last decade. Traditionally the Gaelic novel dealt with the awfulness of living in a tightly controlled Presbyterian community, and of the gasping for air that this entailed. Recent novels deal with the breaking up of the local community and with the intrusion of the modern world. In several instances the outsiders breaking the barriers of the local organic community have been Russians. This is particularly true in the novels Dacha Mo Ghaoil by Tormod Macgill-Eain, and Na Klondkyers by Iain F. Macleoid. They are an interesting case of the invention of ‘the other’ to test the validity of the self, and an absorbing study of the meeting of fictional truth with easy stereotypes. This paper will discuss these pesky Russians interfering in the traditional way of life of so-called romantic Scotland.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124898722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daoulagad — A Celto-Slavic OCR Dictionary","authors":"Dmitri Hrapof","doi":"10.54586/htbm6265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/htbm6265","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present Daoulagad [dɔwˈlaːgat], a mobile Celtic-Russian dictionary, supporting Optical Character Recognition (OCR). The dictionary provides Cymraeg↔Русский, Cymraeg↔English, Cymraeg↔Gaeilge, Cymraeg↔Brezhoneg, Gaeilge↔Русский, Gaeilge↔English, Brezhoneg↔Русский, English↔Русский translations, supports initial consonant mutations and ‘Item and Arrangement’ & ‘Word and Paradigm’ morphological models. OCR capabilities make it possible to use iPhone or Android phone's camera as input device. OCR errors are corrected using trigram frequencies calculated over an extensive corpus. Also supported are Belarusian, Bulgarian, Croatian/Serbian, Czech, Polish, Slovak, Slovenian and Ukranian (as well as English, French, German, Italian, Latin, Portuguese, Spanish, Thai, Arabic and hanzi/kanji).","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128253120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}