Folklore: structure, typology, semiotics最新文献

{"title":"ХАРТИИ МАНДЕН: АНАЛИЗ И СРАВНЕНИЕ ВЕРСИЙ","authors":"Olga Yu. Zavyalova","doi":"10.28995/2658-5294-2022-5-2-17-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2658-5294-2022-5-2-17-41","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the Manden Charter (West Africa). The Manden Charter, according to tradition, was adopted in 1236 in Kurukan Fuga (Mali). It is an oral document that has undergone the influence of time during the transmission of the text among generations of griots; it is a set of norms that was created to organize the Mali empire. The Charter itself is a reconstruction from epic sources, in which several griots from Guinea and Senegal participated at once. The article presents a complete translation of the Charter, the comparison and analysis of its several versions from the griots Siriman Kuyate and Karamo Adam Diabate. While the Kuyate’s version of the Charter is considered to be “official”, the Diabate’s version is more credible. The analysis of the articles allows us to conclude that a part of the document may well be qualified as a declaration of new world order in the Mali Empire, while the other part of the document is a folklore addition to it. Today, it is especially important to record all references to traditional texts or knowledge, since attempts to change history, making it more “humane” and “modern”, can be traced in Africa at all levels.","PeriodicalId":367091,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: structure, typology, semiotics","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128545374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE GOLDEN DISH AND FISH LAUGH. AN ESSAY IN SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF MOTIFS","authors":"S. Neklyudov","doi":"10.28995/2658-5294-2023-6-2-12-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2658-5294-2023-6-2-12-48","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the semantics of the motif, its internal structure, textual manifestations and distribution, as well as the ‘network’ of intermotif connections. The analysis focuses on several plot types, variously correlated: Prophetic / Untold dream / Animal language (AaTh 671 E*; 725; 517, 670, 672, 672D*, 673, 781; Mot. M312.2 sq.; D217; M312.0.2), The Taming of the Bride (AaTh 519, cf. 516), Victory of the Weak (AaTh 480C*, 565, 613, 735A, 930, 1535; SUS -813A**; Berezk., K27nn, K88) and on some other stories associated with these ones. The motifs that are included in this group usually have a binary or ternary structure. The elements of such structure are dispersed through the tale; they are separated by narrative fragments that are filled with other events and adventures. The performed analysis makes it possible to systematize motifs and their structural elements as follows: 1) minimal meaningful (but not meaning-forming) differential features of plot composites (semes of ‘narrative grammar’), which are not further divided at the plot level; 2) ‘simple’ motifs; they can be considered as a set of semes, which, thanks to the connections established between them, acquire meaning-forming functions and structure the motif as a kind of narrative semanteme; 3) ‘complex’ motifs that have a binary or ternary structure, the elements of which are dispersed throughout the tale text (however, the boundary between ‘simple’ and ‘complex’ motifs is rather arbitrary). The structure of a motif is adequately characterized as a frame, the slots of which, determined by their facet values, can be filled with both semes (in ‘simple’ motifs, but not only in them) and semanthemes (in complex motifs). Thus, inter-motif connections turn out to be either hierarchical (a motif embedded in a motif, a ‘nested doll’ principle), or networked (the same semes fill the slots of different motifs, linking these motifs through ‘semantic channels’; the latter has far-reaching consequences for the generative mechanisms of the tradition). Finally, it is expedient to consider slots that contain the ‘programs’ themselves, according to which logical relationships are established between the components of the motif, as slots designed for special ‘procedural’ (rather than ‘substantial’) filling.","PeriodicalId":367091,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: structure, typology, semiotics","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125177484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RITUAL PRACTICES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF ETHNIC AND SUB-ETHNIC INTERACTION (BASED ON THE FIELD TRIP MATERIALS COLLECTED AMONG THE BURYATS IN IRKUTSK REGION)","authors":"Iuliia V. Liakhova","doi":"10.28995/2658-5294-2019-3-109-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2658-5294-2019-3-109-121","url":null,"abstract":". Among the Buryats living in the Russian Federation there is a constant process of formation of identity and its rethinking. This is a two-way process: on the one hand, the importance of local and clan identity increases, on the other hand, different sub-ethnic groups consolidate into a single Buryat ethnos. Besides, there is a simultaneous process of invention of a new type of identity – the hybrid identity, equally common to various ethnic groups living in this territory (Buryats, Russians, Tatars). Ritual practices borrowed by these ethnic groups from each other play an important part in this process. The article is based on the data collected in 2010 and 2016 during the fieldwork in Osinsky and Bokhansky districts the Irkutsk region. The analysis mostly focuses upon (1) the influence of folk narratives and ritual practices on the identification and self-representation of the locals and (2) the influence of their self-identification of the locals on traditional narratives and ritual practices, which undergo some important changes.","PeriodicalId":367091,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: structure, typology, semiotics","volume":"438 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116012662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE MOTIF AS AN IDEAL TYPE, OR TRICKSTER EPISODES IN EURASIAN FOLKLORE","authors":"Y. Berezkin","doi":"10.28995/2658-5294-2022-5-1-10-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2658-5294-2022-5-1-10-29","url":null,"abstract":"Folklore motif is an analytical tool created for the particular kind of research. Our purpose is to reveal routes of the interregional exchange of ideas in different periods of the past. The dissemination of ideas can be followed when we study material (archaeological sites) and nonmaterial (traditional narratives) objects created because of particular ideas adopted by people. Ideas are copied and disseminated unconsciously. The folklore motif is any unit of replication (most often an episode or an image) registered in two or more traditions. The tradition is a totality of narratives recorded for a particular ethnic group or across a particular territory. Motifs can be classified according to thematic groups that approximately correspond to genres of those narratives from which they are selected. The author analyses the results of computing trickster motifs with animal and anthropomorphic actors. The area configuration of the selected interaction spheres suggests that the spread of the motifs with anthropomorphic actors took place mostly from the late Antique period to the early New Time, and the spread of the animal tales – during the Middle Age and earlier. The influence of the Great Steppe on East Europe is noticeable for the Middle Age with the emergence of the borderline between Christian Europe, and the Asian-Africa interaction sphere is a characteristic trait of the early New Time. China is outside of this opposition.","PeriodicalId":367091,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: structure, typology, semiotics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131926160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE CONFERENCE \"FOLKLORE STUDIES AND CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY\"","authors":"E. Zakrevskaya","doi":"10.28995/2658-5294-2021-4-2-153-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2658-5294-2021-4-2-153-159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":367091,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: structure, typology, semiotics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132229525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FAIRY TALE. BETWEEN THE “PRICELESS INHERITANCE” AND “UNNECESSARY KNOWLEDGE”. THE ATTITUDE OF PERFORMERS TO TRADITION","authors":"Varvara E. Dobrovolskaya","doi":"10.28995/2658-5294-2021-4-3-107-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2658-5294-2021-4-3-107-130","url":null,"abstract":"The paper studies the attitude of storytellers to the fairy-tale tradition. In a number of cases, storytellers consider the fairy tales they know to be a “priceless legacy” that they must preserve and pass on to others. In some cases, this is one’s memory from a favourite relative who used to tell this or that tale. Sometimes a fairy tale functions as a sign of ethnic identification of a person, his connection with a particular ethnic group. Some performers use the fairy tale in their repertoire along with other genres to show the richness of the local tradition and its diversity. A fairy tale can be just a saved text, if the performer considers it necessary to preserve the tradition of a particular place. At the same time, a fairy tale becomes a mean of attracting attention to its teller, if it has drawn attention of employees of cultural institutions, of folklorists and ethnographers. In this case, the person begins to work on his repertoire, to replenish it with the help of books, to create or combine tales and motifs.","PeriodicalId":367091,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: structure, typology, semiotics","volume":"18 Dermatol Sect 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127615354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“GRAB IL’INSKY MEAT”. FROM RITUAL REALITY TO THE LEGEND MOTIF","authors":"L. S. Lobanova","doi":"10.28995/2658-5294-2023-6-2-49-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2658-5294-2023-6-2-49-68","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers a special ritual behavior – grabbing meat, which was an integral part of the animal sacrifice rite on Elijah’s Day of the village Noshul of Priluzsky district of the Komi Republic until the 1930s, and also determines the role of the “grabbing meat” motif in the modern oral local tradition. Based on an analysis of ethnographic materials, it was revealed that grabbing meat was a kind of ritual element of summer vow holidays with the sacrifice of animals not only in the village Noshul, but also in certain areas of Karelians and Northern Russians. Considering it in a number of other unusual ways of distributing sacrificial meat, such as throwing it from the roof of a building and issuing it through a church fence, makes it possible to compare ritual behavior with fights and fist battles of rural patronal holidays. Grabbing meat adds to the ritual of sacrificing an animal “strangeness”, “casus”, so that information about the sacrifice is preserved in oral tradition. The analysis of the content and form of oral stories recorded during the folklore and ethnographic expedition in 2006 allows the author to conclude that the collective memory retains not the story of the sacrifice on Elijah’s Day, but a fixed expression – “grab Elijah’s Day meat”, which becomes the plot-forming motif of narratives about Elijah’s Day. The language form of expression provides a relationship with Elijah’s Day and leads to annual updating, which creates the conditions for the motif preservation and translation in the local oral tradition.","PeriodicalId":367091,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: structure, typology, semiotics","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116025183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FISHING CUSTOMS OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE WINTER COAST OF THE WHITE SEA. BASED ON ARCHIVAL MATERIALS OF THE 1930S AND EXPEDITION RECORDS 2007-2019","authors":"N. G. Komelina","doi":"10.28995/2658-5294-2023-6-1-93-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2658-5294-2023-6-1-93-138","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to Pomor’s magical practices, omens, prohibitions and regulations related to fishing and hunting. They are considered in diachrony, records of ethnographers and folklorists of the 1930s are compared with the field materials of the expeditions of the Pushkin House in 2007–2019. The supplement contains a large publication of materials from the archive of R.S. Lipets. She was one of the first to study the fishing and hunting folklore of the Pomors. In Soviet folklore studies, omens were studied as a text, isolated from the rite, which was considered outside of religion. Publishing them in the way they were deposited in the archive, combining the appeal to the saints in a dangerous situation and the use of magical practices, allows us to better represent the tradition as a whole, without considering separately Christian and non-Christian ideas. Among the trends that can be traced in modern records, compared with the records of the 1930s and 40s, which we can talk about on the basis of interviews, is a fine line between faith, compliance with certain prescriptions and evaluating them as fun.","PeriodicalId":367091,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: structure, typology, semiotics","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116491490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BOGATYRS AND SPIRITS OF THE RUBEZH ENCLAVE: SOME RESULTS OF THE FIELD TRIP TO THE CHULYM REGION IN 2019","authors":"M. Popov, Ras Anthropology, M. Lyakhovich","doi":"10.28995/2658-5294-2019-3-162-191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2658-5294-2019-3-162-191","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the authors’ field season of 2019, that were collected in three villages on the Chulym River: Tegul’det, Belyj Yar and Kuyanovskaya Gar’. Among the results are some narratives concerning shamanic practices; some rare fragments of nearly extinct tribal legends about the bogatyrs, ancestors of Chulym Turkic families; a plentiful array of stories about the tayga kizhi / tayga kizi (“taiga men”, “taiga people” – the legendary, supernatural forest folk of the Chulym Turkic folklore texts); some particularly interesting rituals; and, last but not least, some rather surprising texts about the historical memory of Soviet times. Beside that, the authors sketch the outlines of a potentially possible ethnogeographic classification of present-time settlements of the Chulym Turki; and make some assumptions concerning the existence of shamanic traditions in Middle Chulym area during the Soviet era. The authors also introduce some field data from the collections of Eleonora L. Lvova to academia for the first time – and discover some parallels to said data in the contemporary field materials.","PeriodicalId":367091,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: structure, typology, semiotics","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123329674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“DREAM HACKERS”. THE RELIABILITY OF LUCID DREAMING","authors":"Eugeniy V. Safronov","doi":"10.28995/2658-5294-2020-3-3-66-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2658-5294-2020-3-3-66-83","url":null,"abstract":"It is difficult to assess recollection of dreams by reliability of what happened despite the fact that the opposition “reality – dream” is considered a cultural universal. Such a task grows even more complex as one turns to recollection of so called lucid dreams. The article covers different types of messages published on the Dream Hackers forum. That online community is the largest Russian-language platform for publishing such texts. The dream-hackers believe that it is possible to control the dreams, create maps of the dreamed places and objects common for different dreamers and jointly experience dream plots. Among the stories of the forum participants one may find the stories about the so-called “talismans”, or, the specific objects that can be transferred from the dream to the material world, as well as the mentions of the different marks left on the body of a dreamer after waking up, such as scratches, wounds etc. Such beliefs blur the line between the dreaming and the wakefulness and question the credibility of the reality itself. Furthermore, the article analyzes the basic functions of the mapping of “lucid dreams” mapping. The most important of the functions is to increase the “awareness”, in other words, to achieve the key state of consciousness for the dream hackers.","PeriodicalId":367091,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: structure, typology, semiotics","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116654970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}