Etransportation最新文献

{"title":"A multi-scenario data-driven approach for anomaly detection in electric vehicle battery systems","authors":"Zirun Jia ,&nbsp;Zhenpo Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Sun ,&nbsp;Xin Sun ,&nbsp;Peng Liu ,&nbsp;Franco Ruzzenenti","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing adoption of electric vehicle (EV) emphasizes the need for safer battery systems. However, detecting anomalies during charging and discharging processes remains challenging due to the high variability and complexity of EV operational data. This study proposes a multi-scenario data-driven framework to address these challenges. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient is employed for feature selection in charging scenarios, while a Time Series Shape Feature Extraction Algorithm is developed for discharging scenarios to reduce data dimensionality while preserving critical information. An enhanced Transformer model integrated with a Generative Adversarial Network reconstructs voltage data, capturing complex temporal dependencies. Additionally, an improved Cumulative Sum algorithm with a sliding window mechanism enhances sensitivity to localized anomalies. Validation with real-world EV data demonstrates <em>F</em>_<em>1</em> score of 90.38 % in charging and 86.55 % in discharging, outperforming existing methods. Moreover, the framework can detect anomalies at least two charging and discharging cycles (67 h) before thermal runaway occur. Additionally, a techno-economic analysis reveals that the framework could prevent up to $692.99 million in economic losses for China's EV fleet by reducing fire-related incidents. The presented framework enhance safety, reduce risks, and offer substantial economic benefits, demonstrating its potential for large-scale application in the EV industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100418"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric flying vehicles: A promising approach towards multidimensional transportation","authors":"Shichun Yang ,&nbsp;Changlong Chen ,&nbsp;Aojie Li ,&nbsp;Qing Wang ,&nbsp;Liang Zhang ,&nbsp;Fei Chen ,&nbsp;Sida Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The multidimensional transportation system provides an effective solution for solving the traffic congestion problems. Electric flying vehicles have drawn much attention towards low-altitude intelligent transportation as the promising passenger carrier, which have significant differences than conventional road vehicles or aircraft owing to their ability on multi-domain transport between land and air. Considering the integration of electrification, connection, and intelligence, the electric flying vehicles become the research hotspot, guiding the development of future scientific and technological revolution and leading the industrial change in transportation. In this article, a comprehensive in-sight review of the research progress of flying vehicles is summarized, from the view of main essential techniques, industrialization, airworthiness and access, challenges and perspectives. The main worldwide advances on aerodynamic configuration are summarized with detailed comparison, and the key techniques are discussed for directing future potential breakthrough. The electrification of flying vehicle still needs more improvement, including the high-energy-density batteries, safety, long-lifespan health management, environmental adaptability, recharging methods, thermal management and others. Moreover, the general progress of airworthiness regulation and industrialization is overviewed. The article highlights the detail panorama of flying vehicle industry, wishing it to help find out the weak in the industrial chain or new growing subject discipline. In future, the electric flying vehicles will have large-scale applications in next 10 years, but there still amounts of techniques and basic theories to explore. The article hopes to delivers a comprehensive and thorough review of current progress, to help improve the better design of new configuration products and breakthrough of essential techniques, making the flying vehicle to construct a multidimensional transportation network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100412"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of lithium-ion batteries under automotive-like conditions: P2D model-based understanding and ex-situ validation","authors":"G. Sordi ,&nbsp;A. Stecchini ,&nbsp;R. Evangelista ,&nbsp;D. Luder ,&nbsp;W. Li ,&nbsp;D.U. Sauer ,&nbsp;A. Casalegno ,&nbsp;C. Rabissi","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite its worldwide commercialisation, the degradation of lithium-ion battery technology is still a hot research topic. Batteries are known to decrease in capacity and increase in internal resistance, but it is quite uncommon to further investigate the performance decay, distinguishing classes of ageing mechanisms (resistive, kinetic and mass-transport) and relating them with the operation. This work exploits the P2D model to understand the performance decay of ageing cells from a physical perspective. A complex experimental campaign combining 13 different automotive-like cycles, applied to commercial battery samples to recreate the degradation of batteries under realistic conditions, is analysed with such methodology. Along the ageing tests, physical models' parameters are periodically identified by means of particle swarm optimisation applied over characterisation tests. Parameter evolution is then correlated with specific degradation mechanisms, related operating conditions and performance decay. A significant decrease in electrolyte conductivity and lithium solid-state diffusivity within the positive electrode are detected, progressively inducing heterogeneous operation and worsening of both efficiency and capacity retention. Particularly, cycle depth appears to promote particle cracking and loss of positive electrode material. Post-mortem analyses are then performed to support the interpretations on degradation mechanisms, confirming the degradation of electrolyte and positive electrode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100410"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive methodology for developing and evaluating driving cycles for electric vehicles using real-world data","authors":"Gwangryeol Lee ,&nbsp;Jehwi Yeon ,&nbsp;Namwook Kim ,&nbsp;Suhan Park","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive methodology for developing optimized driving cycles for electric vehicles (EVs) based on real-world driving data from specific regions. This study encompasses the entire process, including route selection, speed data acquisition, data processing, and driving cycle generation, and utilizes simulation techniques to evaluate the generated driving cycles. In the data processing stage, realistic driving cycles were created by combining the micro-trip analysis, K-means clustering, Markov chain, and transition probability matrix methods. The generated driving cycles were validated through speed–acceleration frequency distribution analysis, confirming their accurate reflection of real-world driving data. Furthermore, simulations using MATLAB Simulink demonstrated that the generated driving cycles represented real driving environments more accurately than standard driving cycles, improving the precision of energy consumption predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100409"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid oxide fuel cells for aviation: A comparative evaluation against alternative propulsion technologies","authors":"Gabriele Peyrani,&nbsp;Paolo Marocco,&nbsp;Marta Gandiglio,&nbsp;Roberta Biga,&nbsp;Massimo Santarelli","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional aircraft emit high greenhouse gases, hindering aviation decarbonization. Among sustainable solutions, battery-electric planes face range limitations, while renewable fuels can cut emissions without sacrificing endurance. Fuel cells enable full electrification, powering propulsion and auxiliary systems. Although they have lower power density than combustion engines, their promising efficiency can potentially reduce overall weight.</div><div>This study compares fuel cell and conventional propulsion systems, focusing on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) and Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). The initial literature review emphasizes the potential of SOFCs for aviation and discusses ongoing projects, forming the basis for the subsequent technical analysis. A break-even analysis examines flight durations in which fuel cell systems match the weight of conventional alternatives. Additionally, various fuels and storage methods, including jet fuel and hydrogen, are assessed. Results show that jet fuel SOFCs are currently the lightest fuel cell option, while PEMFCs with liquid hydrogen require higher power density and lighter storage to compete. Looking ahead, liquid hydrogen storage appears most viable, with PEMFCs better for short-range and SOFCs for long-range flights. An environmental analysis evaluates CO₂ emissions across European countries, identifying break-even grid carbon intensities for jet fuel and hydrogen SOFCs. These findings highlight fuel cells' potential to reduce aviation's environmental footprint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100408"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel reconfigurable supercapacitor system with equalization and surge current suppression to improve energy-utilization in supercapacitor urban transit systems","authors":"Zixiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Jun Xu ,&nbsp;Yao Feng ,&nbsp;Zhaohuan Liu ,&nbsp;Qi Lv ,&nbsp;Xuesong Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>—Supercapacitors (SCs), with their high energy density, long cycle life, and excellent low-temperature performance, have emerged as a highly suitable energy storage devices for the electrification of urban transit systems (UTSs), especially for the fast-charging applications. However, the wide voltage range of SCs results in low energy utilization for the SC UTSs. Reconfigurable SC systems (RSSs) are considered a promising solution to significantly improve energy utilization rate. However, the existing RSSs are unable to maximize energy utilization and lack effective equalization capability. Moreover, the surge phenomenon is common in the RSSs, which will lead to the power device failure. To tackle these challenges, a novel RSS is proposed, integrating series-parallel reconfiguration, reconfiguration equalization, and surge current suppression. This innovative approach enables achieving ultra-high energy utilization of the SCs while significantly improving voltage consistency. Furthermore, the surge current during the mode-switching process can be effectively suppressed. Experimental results demonstrate that the RSS achieves an impressive energy utilization rate of 93.7 %, which is 137.8 % higher than the fixed-connected supercapacitor pack, and 8.8 %–16.7 % higher than the existing RSSs. The voltage difference is reduced from 493 mV to a mere 13 mV, resulting in a further 10.9 % increase in energy utilization. The surge suppression method limits the surge current from 42.3 C rate to nearly zero. The RSS proposed can remarkably enhance the driving range of electric urban rail trains and electric buses, concurrently reducing the cost and volume of the SESSs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100405"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on membrane electrode assembly for low-pressure electrochemical hydrogen compressors","authors":"Zhiyuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiexin Zou ,&nbsp;Zheyuan Ding ,&nbsp;Min Wang ,&nbsp;Enyang Sun ,&nbsp;Kunye Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao ,&nbsp;Mingbo Wu ,&nbsp;Haijiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread use of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) is beneficial for reducing transportation's reliance on traditional fossil fuels, providing significant environmental benefits and potential for large-scale application. However, the purification and storage of hydrogen are pressing issues that need to be addressed for the widespread application of hydrogen energy. The electrochemical hydrogen compressor (EHC) can purify hydrogen while compressing it, offering numerous advantages and meeting the specific requirements of FCVs for hydrogen. Meanwhile, with the increasing necessity for industrial hydrogen purification and the promotion of hydrogen mixed in natural gas pipeline, the application of low-pressure (&lt;5 MPa) EHC system is expected to expand significantly. This paper provides a detailed introduction to the working principles and structures of EHC, comparing their advantages and disadvantages with traditional hydrogen compressors. To address the practical challenges in the application of the low-pressure EHC system, this paper summarizes the research progress on key components such as proton exchange membranes, gas diffusion layers, and catalyst layers. Additionally, it reviews strategies for water management and the mitigation of poisoning within the membrane electrode assembly. Finally, it summarizes the challenges that the low-pressure EHC system is facing and offers prospects for future research directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100407"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uneven internal SOC distribution estimation of lithium-ion batteries using ultrasonic transmission signals: A new data screening technique and an improved deep residual network","authors":"Ting Tang ,&nbsp;Quan Xia ,&nbsp;Mingkang Xu ,&nbsp;Zhe Deng ,&nbsp;Fusheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Zeyu Wu ,&nbsp;Yi Ren ,&nbsp;Dezhen Yang ,&nbsp;Cheng Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasonic for state of charge (SOC) estimation of lithium-ion batteries has the advantages of non-destructive and real-time. The existing methods mainly depend on single-site detection, which is based on the assumption of uniform SOC distribution. However, the uneven SOC distribution existing inside the cell will cause rapid degradation of local performance, thereby bringing safety risks. Therefore, a novel method combining multi-site detection signals for the uneven internal SOC distribution estimation has been proposed, including Gaussian process regression-active learning (GPR-AL) and deep residual-pooling extreme learning machine (DR-PELM). Firstly, a focused ultrasonic beam is adopted to scan the cell. The preferred sites with lower uncertainty and their signal amplitude of ultrasonic waveform are extracted by GPR-AL. Then, DR-PELM has been established to learn the relationship between ultrasound signal features and SOC, which can reduce the impact of redundant information and noise. Finally, the accuracy of method has been verified through several case studies and destructive tests of lithium-ion detection. The results show that the mean error of general SOC estimation is 2.88 %, and the uneven SOC distribution estimation error is 0.37 %. Thus, the proposed method present good accuracy by integrating multiple selection sites with lower uncertainty and optimizing the network structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100406"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid thermal runaway detection of lithium-ion battery via swelling-based state-of-charge monitoring using piezoresistive sponge sensor","authors":"Joohyung Bang ,&nbsp;Byungkwon Chun ,&nbsp;Minhyeok Kim ,&nbsp;Jaeyoung Lim ,&nbsp;Yongha Han ,&nbsp;Hongyun So","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The early detection of thermal runaway (TR) and the accurate monitoring of the state of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are exceptionally critical in large-capacity applications. However, achieving both practicality and effective sensing capability for module-level LIB state diagnosis remains a challenge. Herein, we developed a swelling-based module-applicable rapid TR detection system using sponge-type piezoresistive swelling sensor. The unique feature of the sensor with inter-layer contact under high compression facilitates practical swelling detection with its high sensitivity (3.90 kPa⁻¹), durability, outstanding stability, near-zero hysteresis, and a high sensing resolution (&lt;10 μm) even under pre-compression. Based on its excellent scalability, pouch cell-level, prismatic cell-level, and module-level reversible swelling monitoring of LIBs in constrained structures were successfully validated under various operating conditions, with the swelling signal exhibiting a strong correlation with the state of charge (SOC). Finally, on the basis of reaction mechanism of TR and the swelling sensor signal, the module-level early TR detection occurs 1357 s before explosion. These results imply reliable LIB monitoring systems with substantial practicality using swelling sensors for enhanced TR detection of large-capacity LIB applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100404"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel aging modeling approach for second-life lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Ane Pérez,&nbsp;Idoia San Martín,&nbsp;Pablo Sanchis,&nbsp;Alfredo Ursúa","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electric mobility industry is booming. In order to reduce the environmental impact of this boom, there is the potential to reuse the batteries from electric vehicles. However, the technical and economic feasibility of the second-life of lithium-ion batteries remains in question. This is due to the intricate non-linear mechanisms that occur during battery degradation, leading to capacity and power loss. Ongoing research aims to create models that can predict the state of battery degradation. However, most studies have focused on the battery’s first life, operating within a limited state of health range and requiring constant monitoring of the battery’s exposure conditions. While these models provide satisfactory results for the battery’s performance in vehicles, they cannot be directly applied to second-life scenarios. In response to this issue, this article proposes a degradation modeling method for second-life batteries based on identifying and linearizing different degradation trends within the battery. This approach allows the application of the model without prior knowledge of the battery’s history. It has been validated for a state of health range of 95% to 20%, through both conventional charge-discharge tests and a real-world scenario involving a smart charging station for urban buses. The results obtained with the developed model are overall satisfactory, achieving a MAPE below 3% for capacity and 1.4% for internal resistance in the real-world scenario.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100400"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}