Etransportation最新文献

{"title":"Electrochemical–thermal correlation for assessing potential thermal runaway in automotive pouch cells via 3D numerical simulations","authors":"Jaeyoung Jeon ,&nbsp;Daegyun Oh ,&nbsp;Wooseok Lee ,&nbsp;Minuk Kim ,&nbsp;Kihyun Jeong ,&nbsp;Sangjun Park ,&nbsp;Jaeyoung Lim ,&nbsp;Yongha Han ,&nbsp;Mingyu Lee ,&nbsp;Hyun-seung Kim ,&nbsp;Youngkwon Kim ,&nbsp;Hongkyung Lee ,&nbsp;Jongsup Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical and thermal deviations in lithium-ion batteries under harsh C-rate conditions can lead to spatial differences in thermal runaway risk, highlighting the need to understand temporal and spatial distributions of electrochemical–thermal characteristics. In this study, a comprehensive three-dimensional model is established for a 58.3 Ah commercial automotive pouch-type cell to investigate local electrochemical–thermal characteristics under such conditions. The model is rigorously validated by comparing simulation results with experimental voltage and temperature profiles, as well as spatially resolved data from IR-based temperature mapping and MFI-based current density measurements. Simulation results demonstrate that higher C-rates cause greater temperature rises—24.48 °C (1C), 54.88 °C (3C), and 81.08 °C (5C)—and larger local temperature deviations—0.65 °C (1C), 5.23 °C (3C), 13.25 °C (5C)—highlighting the significant thermal effects associated with higher C-rates. By correlating overpotential with heat generation, the analysis reveals the electrochemical origins of temperature rise and thermal inhomogeneity. Component-specific analysis shows that, as the C-rate increases, heat generation in the electrodes—particularly reaction and ionic ohmic heat in the positive electrode, which together account for 51.31 % of the total—becomes more prominent. Moreover, reversible heat significantly rises towards the end of discharge, reaching 59.23 W, comparable to reaction heat. Meanwhile, in-plane distribution analysis reveals that temperature deviations are driven by variations in electrical current density near the tab connections, resulting in localized increases in electronic ohmic heat. The electronic ohmic heat near the tab connections is approximately 2.37 times higher than average, highlighting significant localized thermal effects in these areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100433"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical studies on the thermomechanical deformation of lithium-ion battery pack housing under thermal runaway propagation condition","authors":"Yong Seok Choi,&nbsp;Su Hang Lee,&nbsp;Jaehyung Hong,&nbsp;Jongbum Park","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium-ion battery can experience the risk of thermal runaway propagation due to various reasons. The emission of high-temperature vent gas from the cell during thermal runaway leads to the build-up of internal pressure and the excessive temperature rise of the mechanical component of the pack, which are the causes of deformation or failure of the structure such as the pack top cover. In this work, the numerical model is developed and validated through the mini-module sized test jig with top cover made of steel. The magnitude of top cover deformation, temperature distributions on the outer surface, and temporal variation of internal pressure are measured simultaneously under thermal runaway propagation condition. Degraded mechanical properties of top cover material at elevated temperatures are measured by tensile coupon tests and applied as input data of the model. It is found that the overall magnitude of the deformation of top cover during thermal runaway propagation is determined by the degree of the initial pressure rise, and the detailed behavior is more sensitive to the local temperature distribution. The present numerical model can capture the dynamic deformation behavior of the top cover with a relatively good accuracy, and highly detailed location-specific temperature and pressure gradient information can improve the accuracy. This research provides novel methodologies of experiment and simulation for the investigation of thermomechanical behavior of battery pack steel housing, and can help further the design of safe and robust pack structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100431"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impedance-based thermal runaway detection and temperature estimation for single and parallel connected large-format automotive lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Jan Schöberl,&nbsp;Julian Schumacher,&nbsp;Raphael Urban,&nbsp;Markus Lienkamp","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early thermal runaway detection in battery systems of electric vehicles is required to meet legal requirements and to ensure vehicle occupants’ safety. Whereby impedance-based methods offer the potential to detect thermal runaway at an early stage and simultaneously provide a better-resolved temperature estimation during normal operation. However, many studies considering these methods focus only on the cell level at impedances that do not occur in electric vehicles. Consequently, possible challenges and limitations in the transfer to the system level found in electric vehicles are nearly unexplored. This article presents a methodology for early thermal runaway detection and temperature estimation for large-format lithium-ion batteries with low impedance using a parallel connection, as found in the BMW iX3 (G08). The focus is on a methodology that reduces interference factors at cell impedances below 1<!--> <!-->mΩ and its use for temperature estimation and thermal runaway detection for single and parallel connected cells. The method is based on the relative change of the real part whereby cell-specific variations from cell-to-cell, the electrical contact resistance, and the system-related measurement setup can be widely compensated. This ensures estimation errors of less than 1<!--> <!-->K for both system levels at homogeneous temperature distribution in a temperature range from -10 to 30<!--> <!-->°C. More significant errors can be expected at higher temperatures due to a reduced temperature sensitivity. With inhomogeneous temperature distribution, a slight shift of the temperature estimation towards the warmer cell could be observed in the module with a parallel connection. Highly inhomogeneous temperature distribution also increases uncertainty in temperature estimation and impedes thermal runaway detection. However, extensions of the methodology enable the detection of thermal runaway early on both system levels, significantly increasing battery safety in automotive applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100424"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric-thermal-gas synergistic dynamics in PEMFC-LIB hybrid systems for hydrogen ships: A multi-scale evaluation framework","authors":"Menglong Cao ,&nbsp;Zhe Wang ,&nbsp;Haobo Tang ,&nbsp;Songran Li ,&nbsp;Fenghui Han ,&nbsp;Yulong Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As maritime transportation continues to dominate global trade, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)-Lithium Battery (LIB) hybrid power ship systems (HPSS) present an effective solution for reducing carbon emissions and improving efficiency. This study employs one-dimensional-plus (1D+) modeling and heat current methods to analyze the multi-physics coupling of electrical, thermal, and gas flow responses in HPSS under different operating conditions. A coupling response evaluation system based on the Relative Variability Index (RVI) quantifies system performance. Electrical response analysis reveals high synchronicity between load current and power output, indicating strong sensitivity. Thermal analysis reveals a temperature rise of 10.88 K in the cathode catalyst layer during overshoot load conditions, with the cathode flow channel showing substantial thermal variations, highlighting the need for focused thermal management. Gas flow rate evaluation indicates that curvature values increase by 61.8 %, reflecting a strong correlation between gas flow and load current. Coupled response evaluations indicate that electrical responses are more sensitive compared to thermal and gas flow responses. The RVI values show that thermal responses are dominant, with maximum values of 1.5 for thermal, 1.14 for electrical, and 0.92 for gas flow, indicating that thermal effects surpass electrical and gas dynamics in certain conditions. Moreover, pure PEMFC operation ensures stable power with minimal thermal fluctuations but is constrained by load capacity, joint operation facilitates load sharing yet amplifies thermal and gas flow variations, while LIB power compensation effectively regulates SOC but introduces additional thermal and electrical transients. This study advances maritime carbon reduction and efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100430"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen invasion behavior of anodic porous transport layer in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer: lattice Boltzmann method simulation","authors":"Chenyang Xu,&nbsp;Jian Wang,&nbsp;Jianzhong Wang,&nbsp;Kun Yang,&nbsp;Wenbin Gao,&nbsp;Hao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2024.100365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2024.100365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The anode porous transport layer (PTL) is an important transport component of water and oxygen in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE), which plays a key role in the efficiency of hydrogen production. The three-dimensional (3D) pore structure of commercial sintered titanium (Ti) PTL is characterized by micro computed tomography (μ-CT). A 3D multiphase flow model of PTL is established based on lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The influence mechanism of porosity, pore size, and thickness on oxygen invasion behavior in PTLs are systematically studied. The result shows that in commercial sintered Ti PTL, the growth rate of oxygen saturation decreases with transport process. When the porosity ranges from 20 % to 40 %, the dynamic transport of oxygen within the PTL exhibits a clear fingering behavior. When the porosity is 50 % and 60 %, the oxygen invasion rate in PTL is significantly accelerated. In addition, when the pore sizes are 3 and 6 μm, the transport process of oxygen is significantly hindered. The oxygen saturation curves with a pore size of 20 and 30 μm present the \"W\" form, which indicates that the local small pore throat structure will hinder the removal of oxygen. When the thickness is between 200 and 300 μm, the oxygen invasion process is hindered as the transport distance increases. The pore scale analysis of PTL structure optimization design provides a reference for the development of high-performance PEMWE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100365"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redox-active stabilizer-enhanced structural and thermal stability of Ni-rich cathodes via an economical blending strategy","authors":"Jinzhong Liu ,&nbsp;Jinyang Dong ,&nbsp;Meng Wang ,&nbsp;Na Liu ,&nbsp;Haoyu Wang ,&nbsp;Kang Yan ,&nbsp;Hongyun Zhang ,&nbsp;Xi Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Tang ,&nbsp;Yun Lu ,&nbsp;Qiongqiong Qi ,&nbsp;Yuefeng Su ,&nbsp;Feng Wu ,&nbsp;Lai Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing demand for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries, enhancing the structural and thermal stability of nickel-rich cathode materials has become imperative for fulfilling the performance prerequisites for diverse applications. Nevertheless, nickel-rich cathodes frequently experience structural deterioration and thermal instability, particularly during high-voltage cycling. To address these obstacles, we propose an innovative and economically viable blending strategy by incorporating 10 wt% lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄, LFP) as a “redox-active stabilizer” into layered NCM811. LFP, characterized by its robust phosphorus-oxygen covalent bonds, augments the structural and thermal stability of NCM811, while preserving high energy density and alleviating mechanical strain during cycling. The NCM-10 %LFP blended cathode exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance, attaining capacity retention of 65.1 % at 0.2C and 71.2 % at 1C after 200 cycles. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the blended cathode is markedly enhanced, with the initiation temperature of thermal runaway postponed. This investigation provides novel perspectives on the interfacial interactions between LFP and NCM811 and presents a scalable, cost-effective solution for the development of high-performance cathode materials with increased safety and durability for advanced lithium-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100428"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and generation mechanism of ejecta-induced arc for lithium-ion battery during thermal runaway","authors":"Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Ping Ping ,&nbsp;Xiantong Ren ,&nbsp;Wei Gao ,&nbsp;Depeng Kong ,&nbsp;Xiaokang Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the widespread adoption of lithium-ion battery, the incidence of electrical faults is on the rise. While arc faults are commonly associated with loose connectors or damaged insulation, their potential initiation during battery ejection represents a significant and unaddressed research gap in the field of battery safety. In this study, the battery was heated to venting to investigate the characteristics and mechanism of ejecta-induced arc. The results show that the arc can be induced at voltage of 50 V and above under 3 mm and 5 mm electrode spacing, while the critical voltage ranges from 200 V to 400 V at 7 mm spacing. The number of arc events increase if the ejected pieces stuck on the electrode surface since it is equivalent to reduce the electrode spacing. Through the analysis of the electrical characteristics of each arc, three distinct arcing modes are identified: particles dominant, pieces dominant, and combination. Based on the measured resistivity of battery ejecta and resistance estimation of particles dominant arc, the pieces play a more important role than particles in the initiation of ejecta-induced arc. Furthermore, the safety boundary against ejecta-induced arc is proposed based on the critical electric field strength, and the safe electrode spacings for typical voltage of 400 V, 800 V, and 1500 V are 9.9 mm, 14.0 mm, and 19.2 mm, respectively. The results are expected to provide valuable guidance in safety design of lithium-ion battery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100429"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Towards integrated thermal management systems in battery electric vehicles: A review” [eTransportation 24 (2025) 100396]","authors":"Xiaoya Li,&nbsp;Ruzhu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100413","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100413"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive performance analysis of electric vehicle advanced cabin moisture-thermal coupling management control strategies based on transcritical CO2 cycle","authors":"Anci Wang ,&nbsp;Qiang Li ,&nbsp;Dinghua Hu ,&nbsp;Fan Jia ,&nbsp;Xiang Yin ,&nbsp;Feng Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of an advanced cabin moisture-thermal coupling management system, along with its operation dynamic control strategy, is essential for ensuring passenger comfort, driving safety, and the driving range of electric vehicles. Based on the transcritical CO₂ cycle, an independent thermal management (ITM) system and two (the single-stage throttling (SST) and double-stage throttling (DST)) moisture-thermal coupling management systems are proposed. First, an anti-fog evaluation standard is established, and regions with different controls are defined across the winter operating conditions. Subsequently, the thermodynamic characteristics are analyzed, the SST moisture-thermal coupling management cycle features an optimal discharge pressure that minimizes both power consumption and cabin humidity. In contrast, the cabin humidity in the DST cycle is regulated by intermediate pressure, which has both upper and lower limits. The optimal discharge pressure increases, while the minimum intermediate pressure decreases with ambient temperature. Furthermore, a performance comparison of two moisture-thermal coupling management cycles is conducted. From a moisture management perspective, the SST cycle's moisture extraction rate and specific moisture extraction rate are significantly improved by 7 and 12.5 times, respectively. However, the DST cycle's COP is superior. Given that passenger comfort and driving safety take precedence over energy efficiency, the SST cycle is deemed the more suitable choice. Lastly, the dynamic response characteristics of the SST cycle are investigated using the WLTC. Moreover, the impact of the SST cycle on the driving range is analyzed. The winter driving range of the SST cycle is slightly lower compared to the ITM cycle, but it increases by approximately 5.17 % compared to the traditional PTC thermal management system. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic characteristics of efficient cabin energy management systems in electric vehicles and introduces a novel approach for multi-objective coupling control during winter driving.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100423"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-physics simulation and risk analysis of internal thermal runaway propagation in lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Yan Ding ,&nbsp;Li Lu ,&nbsp;Huangwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates internal thermal runaway propagation (TRP) mechanism in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) triggered by hotspots, focusing on the TRP dynamics and thermal interactions between internal short circuits (ISC) and side reactions within the TRP front. An integrated electrical-electrochemical-thermal-chemical model, incorporating a novel ISC model, is developed within the in-house <strong><em>BatteryFOAM</em></strong> solver to simulate global thermal runaway initiation and TRP behaviors. A new TRP front multi-zone model is built to analyze the coupling between heat conduction, ISC-driven ignition, and side reactions. The results show that the TRP occurs when the separator melt failure temperature (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) is reached before the maximum temperature gradient, allowing ISC Joule heating to maintain a high temperature gradient propagating from the hotspot to the normal zone. Therefore, a first-ever dimensionless risk coefficient (<span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow></math></span>) is introduced to quantify the balance between heat generation and dissipation, identifying high-risk TRP fronts where <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow></math></span> ranges from 1 to 1e5, with cathode reactions and electrolyte decomposition dominating TRP acceleration. Model validation against the experiments confirms the predictive accuracy. Simulations demonstrate a TRP velocity of 7.5 mm/s, a width of 2.8 mm, and a maximum temperature of 690 K. Notably, the TRP velocity is, for the first time, revealed to be correlated with the square root of the thermal diffusivity, and an equation linking velocity with <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> is derived to guide LIB safety implementations. This study provides quantitative insights for designing safer LIBs, particularly in electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100427"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}