Etransportation最新文献

Degradation of lithium-ion batteries under automotive-like conditions: P2D model-based understanding and ex-situ validation

IF 15 1区工程技术

Etransportation Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.etran.2025.100410

G. Sordi , A. Stecchini , R. Evangelista , D. Luder , W. Li , D.U. Sauer , A. Casalegno , C. Rabissi

{"title":"Degradation of lithium-ion batteries under automotive-like conditions: P2D model-based understanding and ex-situ validation","authors":"G. Sordi , A. Stecchini , R. Evangelista , D. Luder , W. Li , D.U. Sauer , A. Casalegno , C. Rabissi","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite its worldwide commercialisation, the degradation of lithium-ion battery technology is still a hot research topic. Batteries are known to decrease in capacity and increase in internal resistance, but it is quite uncommon to further investigate the performance decay, distinguishing classes of ageing mechanisms (resistive, kinetic and mass-transport) and relating them with the operation. This work exploits the P2D model to understand the performance decay of ageing cells from a physical perspective. A complex experimental campaign combining 13 different automotive-like cycles, applied to commercial battery samples to recreate the degradation of batteries under realistic conditions, is analysed with such methodology. Along the ageing tests, physical models' parameters are periodically identified by means of particle swarm optimisation applied over characterisation tests. Parameter evolution is then correlated with specific degradation mechanisms, related operating conditions and performance decay. A significant decrease in electrolyte conductivity and lithium solid-state diffusivity within the positive electrode are detected, progressively inducing heterogeneous operation and worsening of both efficiency and capacity retention. Particularly, cycle depth appears to promote particle cracking and loss of positive electrode material. Post-mortem analyses are then performed to support the interpretations on degradation mechanisms, confirming the degradation of electrolyte and positive electrode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100410"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comprehensive methodology for developing and evaluating driving cycles for electric vehicles using real-world data

IF 15 1区工程技术

Etransportation Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.etran.2025.100409

Gwangryeol Lee , Jehwi Yeon , Namwook Kim , Suhan Park

引用次数: 0

Research progress on membrane electrode assembly for low-pressure electrochemical hydrogen compressors

IF 15 1区工程技术

Etransportation Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.etran.2025.100407

Zhiyuan Zhu , Jiexin Zou , Zheyuan Ding , Min Wang , Enyang Sun , Kunye Zhang , Wei Zhao , Mingbo Wu , Haijiang Wang

{"title":"Research progress on membrane electrode assembly for low-pressure electrochemical hydrogen compressors","authors":"Zhiyuan Zhu , Jiexin Zou , Zheyuan Ding , Min Wang , Enyang Sun , Kunye Zhang , Wei Zhao , Mingbo Wu , Haijiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread use of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) is beneficial for reducing transportation's reliance on traditional fossil fuels, providing significant environmental benefits and potential for large-scale application. However, the purification and storage of hydrogen are pressing issues that need to be addressed for the widespread application of hydrogen energy. The electrochemical hydrogen compressor (EHC) can purify hydrogen while compressing it, offering numerous advantages and meeting the specific requirements of FCVs for hydrogen. Meanwhile, with the increasing necessity for industrial hydrogen purification and the promotion of hydrogen mixed in natural gas pipeline, the application of low-pressure (<5 MPa) EHC system is expected to expand significantly. This paper provides a detailed introduction to the working principles and structures of EHC, comparing their advantages and disadvantages with traditional hydrogen compressors. To address the practical challenges in the application of the low-pressure EHC system, this paper summarizes the research progress on key components such as proton exchange membranes, gas diffusion layers, and catalyst layers. Additionally, it reviews strategies for water management and the mitigation of poisoning within the membrane electrode assembly. Finally, it summarizes the challenges that the low-pressure EHC system is facing and offers prospects for future research directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100407"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uneven internal SOC distribution estimation of lithium-ion batteries using ultrasonic transmission signals: A new data screening technique and an improved deep residual network

IF 15 1区工程技术

Etransportation Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.etran.2025.100406

Ting Tang , Quan Xia , Mingkang Xu , Zhe Deng , Fusheng Jiang , Zeyu Wu , Yi Ren , Dezhen Yang , Cheng Qian

{"title":"Uneven internal SOC distribution estimation of lithium-ion batteries using ultrasonic transmission signals: A new data screening technique and an improved deep residual network","authors":"Ting Tang , Quan Xia , Mingkang Xu , Zhe Deng , Fusheng Jiang , Zeyu Wu , Yi Ren , Dezhen Yang , Cheng Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasonic for state of charge (SOC) estimation of lithium-ion batteries has the advantages of non-destructive and real-time. The existing methods mainly depend on single-site detection, which is based on the assumption of uniform SOC distribution. However, the uneven SOC distribution existing inside the cell will cause rapid degradation of local performance, thereby bringing safety risks. Therefore, a novel method combining multi-site detection signals for the uneven internal SOC distribution estimation has been proposed, including Gaussian process regression-active learning (GPR-AL) and deep residual-pooling extreme learning machine (DR-PELM). Firstly, a focused ultrasonic beam is adopted to scan the cell. The preferred sites with lower uncertainty and their signal amplitude of ultrasonic waveform are extracted by GPR-AL. Then, DR-PELM has been established to learn the relationship between ultrasound signal features and SOC, which can reduce the impact of redundant information and noise. Finally, the accuracy of method has been verified through several case studies and destructive tests of lithium-ion detection. The results show that the mean error of general SOC estimation is 2.88 %, and the uneven SOC distribution estimation error is 0.37 %. Thus, the proposed method present good accuracy by integrating multiple selection sites with lower uncertainty and optimizing the network structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100406"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rapid thermal runaway detection of lithium-ion battery via swelling-based state-of-charge monitoring using piezoresistive sponge sensor

IF 15 1区工程技术

Etransportation Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.etran.2025.100404

Joohyung Bang , Byungkwon Chun , Minhyeok Kim , Jaeyoung Lim , Yongha Han , Hongyun So

{"title":"Rapid thermal runaway detection of lithium-ion battery via swelling-based state-of-charge monitoring using piezoresistive sponge sensor","authors":"Joohyung Bang , Byungkwon Chun , Minhyeok Kim , Jaeyoung Lim , Yongha Han , Hongyun So","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The early detection of thermal runaway (TR) and the accurate monitoring of the state of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are exceptionally critical in large-capacity applications. However, achieving both practicality and effective sensing capability for module-level LIB state diagnosis remains a challenge. Herein, we developed a swelling-based module-applicable rapid TR detection system using sponge-type piezoresistive swelling sensor. The unique feature of the sensor with inter-layer contact under high compression facilitates practical swelling detection with its high sensitivity (3.90 kPa<sup>−1</sup>), durability, outstanding stability, near-zero hysteresis, and a high sensing resolution (<10 μm) even under pre-compression. Based on its excellent scalability, pouch cell-level, prismatic cell-level, and module-level reversible swelling monitoring of LIBs in constrained structures were successfully validated under various operating conditions, with the swelling signal exhibiting a strong correlation with the state of charge (SOC). Finally, on the basis of reaction mechanism of TR and the swelling sensor signal, the module-level early TR detection occurs 1357 s before explosion. These results imply reliable LIB monitoring systems with substantial practicality using swelling sensors for enhanced TR detection of large-capacity LIB applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100404"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel aging modeling approach for second-life lithium-ion batteries

IF 15 1区工程技术

Etransportation Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.etran.2025.100400

Ane Pérez, Idoia San Martín, Pablo Sanchis, Alfredo Ursúa

{"title":"A novel aging modeling approach for second-life lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Ane Pérez, Idoia San Martín, Pablo Sanchis, Alfredo Ursúa","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electric mobility industry is booming. In order to reduce the environmental impact of this boom, there is the potential to reuse the batteries from electric vehicles. However, the technical and economic feasibility of the second-life of lithium-ion batteries remains in question. This is due to the intricate non-linear mechanisms that occur during battery degradation, leading to capacity and power loss. Ongoing research aims to create models that can predict the state of battery degradation. However, most studies have focused on the battery’s first life, operating within a limited state of health range and requiring constant monitoring of the battery’s exposure conditions. While these models provide satisfactory results for the battery’s performance in vehicles, they cannot be directly applied to second-life scenarios. In response to this issue, this article proposes a degradation modeling method for second-life batteries based on identifying and linearizing different degradation trends within the battery. This approach allows the application of the model without prior knowledge of the battery’s history. It has been validated for a state of health range of 95% to 20%, through both conventional charge-discharge tests and a real-world scenario involving a smart charging station for urban buses. The results obtained with the developed model are overall satisfactory, achieving a MAPE below 3% for capacity and 1.4% for internal resistance in the real-world scenario.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100400"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing vehicle-to-grid systems: Smart integration of shared autonomous and conventional electric vehicles

IF 15 1区工程技术

Etransportation Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.etran.2025.100401

Thurga R. Radha Krishnan , Priya Ranjan Satpathy , Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy , Zahari Dollah , Saranya Pulenthirarasa , Agileswari Ramasamy

{"title":"Optimizing vehicle-to-grid systems: Smart integration of shared autonomous and conventional electric vehicles","authors":"Thurga R. Radha Krishnan , Priya Ranjan Satpathy , Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy , Zahari Dollah , Saranya Pulenthirarasa , Agileswari Ramasamy","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrification of transportation, driven by environmental concerns, has given rise to shared autonomous electric vehicles (SAEVs). Integrating SAEVs with Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, enhances grid stability and energy management. Unlike privately owned electric vehicles (EVs), SAEVs are managed by fleet operators who ensures that the vehicles are strategically positioned to meet immediate transport demands and longer-duration charging and V2G operations. This paper highlights key distinctions between EVs and SAEVs in V2G systems and offers a detailed analysis of SAEVs' unique features that enhance their role in V2G integration. Their coordinated fleet dispatch minimizes idle time, maximizes V2G participation, and ensures optimal energy distribution more effectively than conventional EVs. However, SAEVs pose greater operational challenges due to connectivity, reliance on public charging hubs, and the need to balance transport services with grid participation, while EV participation in V2G is highly dependent on user willingness. This study reviews control strategies and optimization frameworks for managing EV and SAEV charging and discharging, addressing key objectives, constraints, and uncertainties while highlighting their differing requirements and interdependencies. It further examines the benefits, challenges, and mitigation strategies for V2G integration, providing key recommendations for future research and development in this sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100401"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying the flexibility potential of electric vehicles in buildings and determining the investment strategy for charging infrastructure

IF 15 1区工程技术

Etransportation Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.etran.2025.100403

Qi Chen, Xiaohua Liu, Tao Zhang

{"title":"Quantifying the flexibility potential of electric vehicles in buildings and determining the investment strategy for charging infrastructure","authors":"Qi Chen, Xiaohua Liu, Tao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Buildings and electric vehicles (EV) play complementary roles in the energy system, enhancing flexible electricity demand through the integration of charging stations within buildings. This study addresses the gap in quantifying the flexibility potential of EVs within buildings and developing investment strategies for charging piles, which have been overlooked in previous research. To tackle this, we propose an equivalent energy storage model and introduce the discount factor as a metric to assess EV dispatch capabilities and optimize the charging infrastructure installation. The research employs three charging modes and a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization framework to minimize net load variability. Key results demonstrate a tradeoff between the number of charging piles and dispatch capability. Bidirectional smart charging (BSC) significantly enhances flexibility, while charging piles exceeding 30 kW offer limited benefits. Furthermore, integrating photovoltaics (PV) substantially increases dispatch potential, with PV penetration above 20 % making charging pile investments more advantageous than battery. Once PV penetration exceeds 40 %, nearly all parking spaces in buildings can accommodate charging piles. The study quantifies EVs’ equivalent storage capacity and concludes that strategic investment in slow charging piles and high PV penetration is highly effective. This work introduces new metrics for evaluating EV dispatch capability and develops investment strategies for charging piles based on their comparative advantage over batteries. It also highlights the cost-effectiveness of EV infrastructure in enhancing energy flexibility, providing a clear roadmap for optimizing investments in EV charging systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advanced pulse charging strategies enhancing performances of lithium-ion battery: Fundamentals, advances and outlooks

IF 15 1区工程技术

Etransportation Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.etran.2025.100402

Mingzhe Leng , Changhua Hu , Zhijie Zhou , Chi Xia , Leqiong Xie , Xuemei Li , Zhaoqiang Wang , Chuanyang Li , Li Wang , Yating Chang , Zhanrong Zhou , Xiangming He

{"title":"Advanced pulse charging strategies enhancing performances of lithium-ion battery: Fundamentals, advances and outlooks","authors":"Mingzhe Leng , Changhua Hu , Zhijie Zhou , Chi Xia , Leqiong Xie , Xuemei Li , Zhaoqiang Wang , Chuanyang Li , Li Wang , Yating Chang , Zhanrong Zhou , Xiangming He","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Li-ion batteries (LIBs) play a crucial role in powering electric vehicles (EVs) due to their high voltage, compact size, and exceptional energy density. However, the limitations associated with rapid charging remain a significant barrier to the expansion of EV market, prompting ongoing research into more efficient and safer charging techniques. A key challenge lies in balancing charging speed with battery longevity. The widely adopted constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) charging protocol often results in polarization and lithium plating during high-speed charging, which poses serious risks to battery health. In response, pulse charging (PC) has emerged as a promising alternative for enhancing the stability of LIBs across various chemistries. Internal factors such as diffusion resistance, polarization, and precipitation critically impact external parameters such as voltage, current, and capacity. pulse charging mitigates these issues by reducing internal polarization, relieving structural strain, promoting uniform lithium plating, constructing low-resistance solid electrolyte interface (SEI) films, and improving performance under low-temperature conditions. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the effect of pulse charging on battery cycle stability and discusses optimized strategies for charging management, thermal regulation, and the orthogonal design-coupling model, all aimed at reducing charging time while maximizing battery life in EVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100402"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143199923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transport mechanisms analysis of large-size proton exchange membrane fuel cells with novel integrated structure under ultra-high current densities

IF 15 1区工程技术

Etransportation Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.etran.2025.100398

Wenming Huo , Siyuan Wu , Zhiming Bao , Chasen Tongsh , Biao Xie , Mohamed Benbouzid , Fei Gao , Yassine Amirat , Kui Jiao

{"title":"Transport mechanisms analysis of large-size proton exchange membrane fuel cells with novel integrated structure under ultra-high current densities","authors":"Wenming Huo , Siyuan Wu , Zhiming Bao , Chasen Tongsh , Biao Xie , Mohamed Benbouzid , Fei Gao , Yassine Amirat , Kui Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For proton exchange membrane fuel cells, augmenting power density is of utmost importance and designing novel structures to diminish volume represents a vital approach. Metal foam presents a promising substitute for conventional flow fields to obviate the need for gas diffusion layers, though the microstructural discrepancies with electrodes pose difficulties, especially in large-scale fuel cells. In this research, an integrated fuel cell structure combining nickel metal foam and a carbon nano fiber film (CNFF) is designed, trimming the single cell thickness from 1.275 mm to 0.885 mm. The CNFF facilitates the gas transport from metal foam to catalyst layers. A three-dimensional plus one-dimensional numerical model is constructed to elucidate the internal mechanisms. In a 1 cm<sup>2</sup> fuel cell, a thinner CNFF leads to membrane electrode assembly (MEA) dehydration and higher porosity hinders heat dissipation. When scaling up to 300 cm<sup>2</sup> and contrasting with a conventional parallel channel-rib fuel cell, the integrated fuel cell shows inferior performance at low and medium current densities due to elevated ionic ohmic loss. However, it surpasses the conventional one at high current densities, with the output voltage rising from 0.552 V to 0.593 V at 4.1 A cm<sup>−2</sup> due to diminished concentration loss. Additionally, temperature and relative humidity are pivotal parameters influencing the equilibrium between membrane water content and transport resistance. This research contributes to the design of integrated fuel cells with enhanced volume power density, providing valuable insights for their large-scale implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100398"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0