{"title":"Hierarchical extraction of critical area for shorts in very large ICs","authors":"P. Nag, Wojciech Maly","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476933","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an algorithm for efficiently extracting critical area in large VLSI circuits. The algorithm, implemented to handle shorts between electrical nets, takes advantage of the available hierarchy in the layout description in order to speed-up computation and minimize memory usage. The developed software-CREST-was tested for a spectrum of actual IC designs and was found very efficient as compared to existing techniques.","PeriodicalId":362167,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Workshop on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115507789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Utilizing spares in multichip modules for the dual function of fault coverage and fault diagnosis","authors":"S. Goldberg, S. Upadhyaya","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476957","url":null,"abstract":"Defining a dual role for spare processing elements (PEs) in reliability-challenged processing arrays is the major focus of the paper. The paper also explores a practical way to include reconfiguration hardware in single-package arrays. The implementation of array processor systems may include spare PE's for fault tolerance. These systems typically require a host for fault diagnosis, while the healthy spares sit idle. It is proposed to utilize the idling spare PEs for purposes of fault diagnosis, giving the array the capability of self diagnosis. Fault tolerance must incorporate additional hardware for reconfiguration, and existing plans have not found widespread use in single-package systems due to the extra cost and extra real estate. Multichip modules (MCMs) have the potential to offer fault tolerance with no increase in primary circuit area. It is proposed to contain the reconfiguration hardware in the active substrate of a silicon-based MCM. Further, the switches required for spares coverage can aid in the job of comparison based self-testing. We offer a complete solution to fault-tolerant arrays in the sense that diagnosis, reconfiguration and switching details are all addressed.","PeriodicalId":362167,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Workshop on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128513975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hierarchical critical area extraction with the EYE tool","authors":"G. A. Allan, A. Walton","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476934","url":null,"abstract":"A software tool to extract critical areas from commercial IC mask data is reported. The EYE (Edinburgh Yield Estimator) tool uses fast O(NlogN) critical area algorithms and is able to perform operations hierarchically making it suitable for use on large devices. The tool has applications in yield prediction, optimising the manufacturability of IC layout, and the generation of defect sensitivity visualisation aids in the form of fault probability maps.","PeriodicalId":362167,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Workshop on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124666511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of spot defects on the parametric yield of long interconnection lines","authors":"I. Wagner, I. Koren","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476936","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of non-catastrophic (or soft) defects (i.e., neither short nor open) on long interconnection lines is analyzed and an estimate is derived for the frequency-dependent critical area for such lines. The analysis is based on a transmission-line model of interconnection lines, and the reflections caused by the defect are taken into account. This analysis results in an estimated prediction of the parametric yield, and a practical recommendation for a better jog insertion in VLSI routing.","PeriodicalId":362167,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Workshop on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129741064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Kari, Heikki Saikkonen, Sungsoo Kim, F. Lombardi
{"title":"Repair algorithms for mirrored disk systems","authors":"H. Kari, Heikki Saikkonen, Sungsoo Kim, F. Lombardi","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476955","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes different repair methods of a mirrored disk subsystem. The main interest is focused on disk faults and how the repair process is copying data from a fault-free disk to a spare disk with the least performance degradation for user disk requests. The objective of this study is to compare how different repair algorithms affect system performance. Two different repair algorithms are compared. Two different access patterns (uniform and non-uniform) are studied to establish their effects on the repair process and performance. Simulation results of this research indicate that the performance degradation of user disk requests can be significantly reduced by introducing a short delay in the repair algorithm. A new algorithm for detecting sector faults is also presented. This algorithm scans the disk space, while there are no user disk requests issued and detects deteriorated media using the advanced statistics of modern SCSI disks. The advantage of the proposed algorithm is that it can repair the disk subsystem before data is actually lost due to a media defect (bad sector).","PeriodicalId":362167,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Workshop on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127741300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Constructions of the SbEC-DbED and DbEC codes, and their applications","authors":"G. Feng, Sihai Xiao, Xiaofa Shi, T. Rao","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476962","url":null,"abstract":"Error control codes are now successfully applied to memory systems in order to enhance the system reliability. Among the error control codes, the distance-4 codes and the distance-5 codes are two of the most important classes of error control codes in the computer applications. For example, these two types of codes can be used to construct Error-Locating codes which have been applied to identify the faulty module for fault isolation and reconfiguration in fault-tolerant computer systems. The well known constructions for these two types of codes mere proposed by Chen [1986]. In this paper, we propose new construction schemes and decoding schemes for these two types of codes. The proposed constructions are able to improve the code lengths of Chen's codes, and the proposed decoding schemes are efficient.","PeriodicalId":362167,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Workshop on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133069701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient time redundancy for error correcting inner-product units and convolvers","authors":"Y. Hsu, V. Piuri, E. Swartzlander","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476953","url":null,"abstract":"Fault tolerance can be achieved by using time redundancy with modest hardware overhead at the expense of computation time. In this paper the REcomputing with Triplication With Voting (RETWV) technique is applied to complex arithmetic units, such as inner product units and convolvers for concurrent error correction. Hardware complexity, delay, and throughput of the RETWV concurrent error correcting inner product units are analyzed and compared. It is seen that RETWV designs can be faster than the conventional design. That is, in addition to their concurrent error correcting capability, the throughput of RETWV designs is higher than that of their nonredundant counterparts. This result is significant because this shows that the RETWV technique, which is a time redundancy approach, can be used in high performance systems.","PeriodicalId":362167,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Workshop on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133509911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient algorithms for analyzing and synthesizing fault-tolerant datapaths","authors":"R. Narasimhan, D. Rosenkrantz, S. Ravi","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476940","url":null,"abstract":"We address optimization problems arising in the synthesis of application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) that recover from transient faults via a rollback and retry approach. In this approach, each segment of a computation is duplicated and the results are compared using comparators. If the compared values are unequal, the computation is rolled back to the beginning of the segment (rollback point) and retried. Previous work in this area has generally been of an experimental nature focusing on heuristic approaches. We examine these problems from an algorithmic perspective. Several comparison and rollback strategies for reducing hardware costs and the delay caused by a transient fault have been previously proposed. For various combinations of these comparison and rollback strategies, we present efficient algorithms to analyze a given design to determine the maximum delay that can be caused by a transient fault of a given duration. These algorithms are based on formal characterizations of when a transient fault can cause a maximum delay for each combination of comparison and rollback strategies. We have also developed an efficient algorithm for designing fault-tolerant datapaths under hardware and delay constraints.","PeriodicalId":362167,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Workshop on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114806283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An improved approach to fault tolerant rank order filtering on a SIMD mesh processor","authors":"Jai-hoon Kim, F. Lombardi, N. Vaidya","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476946","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an approach for the fault tolerant computation of the rank order filtering on a SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) mesh processes such as the MasPar. The proposed approach improves over a previous approach in two respects: by changing the data dependency in the execution of the rank order filtering, a new algorithm with constant execution time complexity can be designed; and by introducing a dependency for the rank values of faulty PEs as computed by neighboring (fault free) processing elements (PEs), a lower distortion can be achieved for enhancement of the image.","PeriodicalId":362167,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Workshop on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125821129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Layer assignment for yield enhancement","authors":"Zhan Chen, I. Koren","doi":"10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DFTVS.1995.476950","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, two algorithms for layer assignment with the goal of yield enhancement are proposed. In the first, vias in an existing layout are moved in order to decrease its sensitivity to defects. A greedy algorithm for achieving this objective is presented. In the second, we formulate the layer assignment problem as a network bipartitioning problem. By applying the primal-dual algorithm (a variation of the Kernighan-Lin algorithm), the objective of critical area minimization can be achieved. These two methods are applied to a set of benchmark circuits to demonstrate their effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":362167,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Workshop on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127883850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}