Clinical Nutrition Open Science最新文献

{"title":"The prognostic role of malnutrition in pulmonary hypertension","authors":"Arif Albulushi ,&nbsp;Morgan Newlun ,&nbsp;Amanda Sooter ,&nbsp;Lauren Grieb ,&nbsp;Radha Kanneganti Perue","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Malnutrition is a common yet underrecognized comorbidity in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and may adversely affect patient outcomes. This study evaluated the prognostic impact of malnutrition in PH patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort of 350 PH patients treated at a U.S. tertiary center between January 2017 and December 2023 was analyzed. Patients were stratified into four groups based on nutritional status. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier estimates and multivariable Cox regression identified predictors of mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 350 patients, 22.8% had severe malnutrition, which was significantly associated with lower median survival (18 vs. 36 months, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). In adjusted models, severe malnutrition independently predicted increased mortality (HR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.8–3.6; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Other predictors included age (HR: 1.03), NYHA class III-IV (HR: 1.8), elevated pulmonary arterial pressure (HR: 1.05), low serum albumin (HR: 0.6), and comorbidities (HR: 1.4).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Severe malnutrition is a strong, independent predictor of mortality in PH patients. Routine nutritional assessment and early intervention may improve survival and clinical outcomes in this high-risk population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of nutrition support teams and the role of artificial intelligence in clinical outcomes for mechanically ventilated ICU patients: A comprehensive review","authors":"Yasamin Mohammadi","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review examines the critical role of nutrition support teams (NSTs) in managing nutrition for mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Nutritional support is essential for improving clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, with enteral nutrition (EN) being the preferred method. Early enteral nutrition (EEN) has demonstrated significant benefits, reducing complications such as infections, multi-organ failure, and prolonged mechanical ventilation. The review emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, with NSTs playing a vital role in ensuring early and adequate nutritional support, which improves recovery outcomes. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in ICU nutrition management is explored, focusing on how these technologies can enhance decision-making and optimize nutrition strategies. AI's potential to predict feeding regimens and improve the precision of care is discussed, illustrating how NSTs can leverage these advancements to tailor nutrition interventions. The review also addresses the challenges associated with implementing AI in ICU settings, including barriers to integration and the need for infrastructure improvements. By evaluating both the impact of NSTs and the potential of AI, this review highlights the multifaceted approaches that can significantly improve clinical outcomes for mechanically ventilated ICU patients through effective nutrition support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 288-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of bone mineral density in Vietnamese adults: A multifactorial analysis","authors":"Bui Thi Thuy ,&nbsp;Nguyen Trong Hung ,&nbsp;Nguyen The Anh ,&nbsp;Nguyen Thanh Trung ,&nbsp;Nguyen Ngoc Oanh ,&nbsp;Pham Thi Thanh Huyen ,&nbsp;Ngo Thi Ha Phuong ,&nbsp;Vu The Loc ,&nbsp;Phan Hoang Hiep ,&nbsp;Tran Thanh Duong","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bone mineral density (BMD) is demonstrated to be affected by many factors. This study aims to elucidate the relationships between BMI, socioeconomic, biochemical factors and BMD at the spine, hip, and femoral neck sites in Vietnamese adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 258 women and 90 men. BMD was measured at three skeletal sites by DXA. Generalized linear regression models were used to assess the independent associations of the aforementioned factors with BMD, adjusting for relevant confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher BMI positively correlated with BMD at all three skeletal sites in women while only shown at the hip (beta=0.016, p&lt;0.001) and femoral neck (beta=0.013, p&lt;0.001) in men. The relation between higher BMI and women spine BMD becomes non-linear after adjusting by relevant confounders (p&lt;0.05). Older age was positively associated with women spine BMD (beta=0.003, p&lt;0.001), and spine (beta=0.004, p&lt;0.05) and femoral neck BMD (beta=0.003, p&lt;0.05) in men. Higher calcium/vitamin D3 were positively associated with women spine BMD and men hip BMD (p&lt;0.05). Higher serum zinc showed a negative association with spine BMD in both genders, women hip BMD (beta=−0.011, p=0.022) and men femoral neck BMD (beta=−0.007, p=0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Higher BMI consistently correlated with greater BMD, especially at the hip and femoral neck, in both sexes. Age and calcium/vitamin D3 showed positive associations with BMD at specific sites while higher serum zinc was negatively associated with BMD in both genders. These findings underscore the multifaceted influences on bone health in Vietnamese adults, necessitating longitudinal studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 213-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative treatment with octreotide in patients with gastroesophageal cancer: An open-label phase 2 study","authors":"Anders Holmén ,&nbsp;Maria Lampi ,&nbsp;Ioannis Rouvelas ,&nbsp;Berit Sunde ,&nbsp;Thorhallur Agustsson ,&nbsp;Greger Lindberg ,&nbsp;Fredrik Klevebro","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; Aims</h3><div>Dietary peptides are hypothesized to contribute to persistent weight loss following gastrectomy or esophagectomy in cancer patients. Previous studies have suggested that this effect might be partially mitigated by Octreotide. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of intramuscular Sandostatin® (Octreotide Long-Acting Release [LAR] depot 10mg) focusing on the incidence and characterization of adverse events.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective open-label phase-2 study was conducted from September 2021 to October 2023. Twenty patients (10 undergoing gastrectomy and 10 undergoing esophagectomy) were enrolled. Each patient received three doses of intramuscular Sandostatin® LAR depot 10mg at 7 days, 1 month, and 2 months post-surgery. All patients were evaluated at 7 days and at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-months post-surgery.</div><div>The primary endpoint was safety, assessed by the incidence and characterization of adverse events, with no occurrence of serious adverse events defined as successful. Tolerability was defined as at the completion of the treatment protocol by at least 90% of patients.</div><div>Secondary endpoints included weight loss (percentage from baseline), Health-Related Quality of Life (assessed by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of life Questionnaire [EORTC-QLQ-C30] and Quality of life Questionnaire for Oesophago-Gastric symptoms [EORTC-QLQ-OG25]) at baseline and at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-months post-surgery, and the proportion of patients requiring enteral nutrition via jejunostomy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study was completed by 95% of participants. Serious adverse events were observed but were not attributed to the Octreotide treatment. Median weight loss at 6 months was 11% (3 months: 7%, 2 months: 4%, 1 month: 5%). Mean Global Quality of Life, as assessed by the of EORTC-QLQ-C30, declined at 1 month after surgery but promptly recovered to align with the baseline level (67.6 at baseline vs. 67.2 at 6 months). Among patients undergone esophagectomy, the percentage of patients requiring enteral nutrition was 80%, 60%, and 30% at 1-, 2-, and 3-months, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates that Octreotide treatment was well tolerated and safe, with no serious adverse events attributed to the Octreotide treatment. Observed weight loss, Health-Related Quality of Life, and the proportion of patients requiring enteral nutrition aligned with expectations. Future studies should consider a double-blinded randomized controlled design preferably with a dose-response assessment to enable a more robust investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 30-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food consumption pattern and management of type 2 diabetic patients treated in Dschang District Hospital","authors":"Gisèle Mélanie Dongmo Agokeng ,&nbsp;Donald Sévérin Dangang Bossi ,&nbsp;Marc Bertrand Dandji Saah ,&nbsp;François Ngoufack Zambou","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Type 2 diabetes is a global health problem with high morbidity and mortality among patients, most of whom are still economically active. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide due to changes in eating habits and a reduction of physical activities. In order to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) in nutrition in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients treated in Dschang District Hospital (DDH), West Cameroon, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 103 type 2 diabetic patients aged between 20 and 70 years and over. A structured questionnaire was administered by an interview to collect data. The sociodemographic characteristics showed that participants of ages ranging from 40–70 years were the most affected. Among them, 59.2 % were women and 35.9 % were housewives, whereas 43.7 % were found to have a primary education level. The participants' nutritional status revealed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity was high among married patients (84.2 % and 60.0 %, respectively). It was noted from the anthropometric assessment that the prevalence of obesity among the diabetic women surveyed (77.5 %) was significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) higher than among men (22.5 %), while overweight was more prevalent in men (60.5 %). The KAP study showed that the level of education has a significant influence (<em>P</em> = 0.034) on diabetic nutrition practices, especially in primary and secondary level patients. The eating habits of patients confirmed these poor KAP with irregular consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and daily restriction of basic foods. This investigation highlights the need to promote education in all social strata, with particular emphasis on nutritional education among housewives, where the prevalence of diabetes was highest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 201-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent and predictive validity of nutritional screening tools in hospitalized pediatric patients: Protocol for a single-center, prospective, observational study","authors":"Maria Camila Arbeláez Grajales ,&nbsp;Dianna Ramírez-Prada ,&nbsp;Frank Carrera-Gil","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>Early identification of nutritional risk is essential in the care of hospitalized children. Although several screening tools exist, evidence on their performance in identifying at-risk patients and predicting nutrition-related outcomes remains limited, especially in non-Caucasian populations. This protocol outlines the rationale and methods to assess the concurrent and predictive validity of nutritional screening tools in hospitalized pediatric patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective diagnostic accuracy study will enroll at least 204 patients aged 2–17 years, consecutively admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary pediatric hospital in Colombia and expected to remain hospitalized for ≥3 days. Within 48 hours of admission, nutritional risk will be assessed using STRONGkids, PYMS, and WHO criteria, alongside the Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (SGNA) as the reference standard. The primary outcome is the concurrent validity of each screening tool to detect disease-related malnutrition, assessed via sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, and Kappa coefficient. Secondary outcomes include time to complete each tool and associations between baseline nutritional status, clinical outcomes, and sociodemographic variables. Predictive validity will be analyzed through ROC curves and area under the curve (AUC) values for each tool using a composite adverse outcome: ICU admission, hospital stay ≥7 days, in-hospital mortality within 30 days, and infectious complications.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This study will generate prospective evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of widely used pediatric screening tools, using an appropriate reference method. Findings may help identify the most effective tool for early nutritional risk detection in underrepresented pediatric populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 192-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence of behavioral non- communicable diseases risk factors among black Africans in peri-urban community in South Africa","authors":"Sifundile Zamazulu Maphumulo ,&nbsp;Gerrit Jan Breukelman ,&nbsp;Brandon Shaw ,&nbsp;Ina Shaw","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of mortality in South Africa, with their burden influenced by lifestyle, living conditions, ethnicity, and gender.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study (N=100; n=50 males, n=50 females; mean age 25.15 ± 5.98) followed the WHO STEPwise approach which ensured systematic data collection. Standardized self-reported questionnaires were used to gather data on key behavioural risk factors, including tobacco use, physical activity, and dietary behaviours. The data collection was conducted over a four-month period, during which participants first completed qualitative questionnaires to provide insights into their lifestyle behaviours.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Physical inactivity emerged as the most prevalent risk factor (20%), followed by tobacco use (17%) and poor nutrition (14%). Smoking rates were significantly higher among males compared to females (26% vs. 8%; <em>P</em> = 0.04), and among younger participants (≤25 years) compared to older ones (24.56% vs. 6.97%; <em>P</em> = 0.01). Poor nutrition was also more common in younger individuals (<em>P</em> = 0.05). While females reported lower smoking rates, they exhibited higher levels of physical inactivity than males (23% vs. 14%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings highlight the persistent prevalence of modifiable behavioural risk factors for NCDs among young adults in South Africa, with distinct age and gender-related patterns. Targeted interventions addressing physical inactivity, tobacco use, and poor nutrition, particularly among males and younger individuals, are essential for reducing the long-term burden of NCDs. Gender-sensitive and age-specific public health strategies may improve lifestyle behaviours and contribute to more effective NCD prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 55-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower RXRA and TFRC expression despite higher mineral and vitamin intake in diabetic pregnant women with pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence","authors":"Sarah Maria Barneze Costa ,&nbsp;Raghavendra Lakshmana Shetty Hallur ,&nbsp;Matheus Naia Fioretto ,&nbsp;João Paulo de Castro Marcondes ,&nbsp;Igor de Carvalho Deprá ,&nbsp;Camila Renata Corrêa ,&nbsp;Danielle Cristina Honorio França ,&nbsp;David Rafael Abreu Reyes ,&nbsp;Sérgio Luis Felisbino ,&nbsp;Angélica Mércia Pascon Barbosa ,&nbsp;Marilza Cunha Vieira Rudge","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence (PSUI) pose significant health challenges for pregnant women, but their metabolic and molecular underpinnings remain poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, 1,105 participants from the DIAMATER cohort were categorized based on GDM and PSUI status. Dietary intake of iron, magnesium, zinc, and vitamins A and D was assessed through dietary recalls, while serum levels, gene expression (MTF1, RXRA, TFRC, TRPM6), and protein expression were analyzed using standard techniques. Oxidative stress markers were also measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GDM-PSUI participants exhibited lower RXRA and TFRC gene expression and decreased TFRC protein levels despite higher intake of magnesium, zinc, and vitamin D compared to GDM controls without PSUI. Serum mineral levels and oxidative stress markers did not differ significantly between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Lower RXRA and TFRC expression in GDM-PSUI women, despite increased mineral and vitamin intake, suggests potential molecular targets for interventions aimed at improving management strategies in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 113-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of feeding practices of caregivers of infants aged 0–6 months residing in urban and rural areas of Limpopo province, South Africa","authors":"M.S. Makwela ,&nbsp;E. Maimela ,&nbsp;C.B. Ntimana ,&nbsp;R.G. Mashaba ,&nbsp;M.M. Bopape","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates in South Africa have remained low for nearly two decades, with 7% in 2003 and 12% in 2008. While the 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey (SADHS) reported an increase to 32% for infants aged 0–5 months, data on breastfeeding practices in urban and rural areas remain limited. Hence, the study aimed to compare feeding practices of caregivers of infants aged 0–6 months residing in urban and rural areas of Limpopo Province, South Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional, facility-based quantitative study. Convenient sampling was used to select 146 caregivers. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 29. Chi-square test was applied to determine the relationship at a 95% confidence interval, where a P-value of &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of EBF was higher in caregivers residing in rural areas (41% versus 39%), while mixed feeding was prevalent in urban areas (56% versus 52%). Meanwhile, the proposition of mixed feeding increased with the increase in the age of the infants. There was no significant difference in both groups in terms of as age of the caregivers, level of education, home language, and employment status. Breastfeeding practices improve with increasing age of the caregivers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Caregivers who reside in urban areas tend to practice EBF less compared to those in rural areas. Interventions to promote EBF should focus on women living in urban areas. Breastfeeding increases with the increasing age of the caregivers, therefore, educational interventions that focus on best infant feeding practice, including EBF and misconceptions around EBF, should be implemented with a special focus on younger caregivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 44-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"K. Mallon ,&nbsp;C. McBride ,&nbsp;C. O’Morain ,&nbsp;G.A. Doherty ,&nbsp;R. Burns","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Existing evidence indicates that diet is a modifiable risk factor for IBD. However, data on certain nutrients, food groups and individual food items and their associations with IBD is still lacking. This review aims to systematically assess which dietary factors are associated with the onset of IBD.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Computerised bibliographic searches of Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Methodology Register) were conducted. Studies were included if they were case-control, cohort studies or randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the association between dietary risk factors and onset of IBD and if they included patients with a diagnosis of IBD (including Crohn's Disease [CD] and/or Ulcerative Colitis [UC]), defined and measured according to clinical symptoms, endoscopy, and histology. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using random effects models to provide risk estimates for the associations between dietary factors and IBD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty eligible studies were identified and included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, encompassing 10 case-control and 10 cohort studies, with no RCTs identified. A total of 4,332 patients with IBD were included (1554 CD; 2550 UC; 225 IBD; 3 IBD unclassified [IBDU]). Nine significant predictors of IBD risk were identified. Pooled analysis highlighted a decreased risk of overall IBD was associated with high intakes of fruit (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.45–0.96), vegetables (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.19–0.78), carbohydrates (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.51–0.89), rice (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.32–0.97), milk (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25–0.62), dairy (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.38–0.97), vitamin C (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.35–0.96) and vitamin D (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.46–0.97). High protein intake was associated with a 4.1-fold (RR 4.07, 95% CI 1.51–6.62) increased risk of IBD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis highlights the potential role of diet as a modifiable risk factor for IBD. From a patient management perspective, our results may aid clinicians and dietary practitioners in guiding dietary interventions and modifications, particularly in those at a high-risk of developing the disease. Moreover, our results provide novel data on specific food items and vitamins which may confer a protective effect against IBD, of which evidence has previously been lacking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 12-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}