Clinical Nutrition Open Science最新文献

{"title":"Is bioimpedance analysis feasible in transgender men?","authors":"Signe Graungaard ,&nbsp;Liva Bundgaard Larsen ,&nbsp;Peter Vestergaard ,&nbsp;Niels Henrik Bruun ,&nbsp;Astrid Ditte Højgaard ,&nbsp;Jakob Dal","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><p>Accurate fat mass (FM) and muscle mass (MM) assessment is an informative marker of an individual's health. However, the optimal method for assessing body composition in transgender men remains to be determined. Here, we aim to compare body composition estimates in transgender men by bioimpedance analysis (BIA) using the reference settings for “males” and “females” and by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a cross-sectional pilot study investigating the body composition of 10 transgender men undergoing hormonal therapy using BIA and DXA scans.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>BIA yielded significantly different estimates of body composition depending on the use of either “female” or “male” settings (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05). BIA underestimated FM independent of using the “male” or “female” setting compared to DXA estimates by -6.5% (95% CI -7.2; -5.8) and -5.4% (95%CI -6.8; -4.0), respectively. BIA tend to estimated a higher MM, especially for the trunk area [BIA (“female”) vs. DXA; 6.6kg (95% CI 5.3; 7.9), BIA (“male”) vs. DXA; 5.7kg (95% CI 4.9; 6.4)]. For FM the “female” setting came closest to the DXA scans for the extremities, although the “male” setting seemed more precise for the trunk region. Regarding MM, the BIA “male” setting best resembled the DXA scan estimates.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We observed a significant difference in body composition estimates when using BIA with either “female” or “male” settings in transgender men. In general, BIA tend to estimate lower FM and higher MM compared to DXA. Therefore, we encourage caution when interpreting body composition estimates in transgender persons.</p><p>Registered at <span><span>www.clinicaltrials.gov/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (study ID: NCT05728853).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 99-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667268524000706/pdfft?md5=3262886c9766c203a2255eca47054ece&pid=1-s2.0-S2667268524000706-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141979588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in critically ill COVID-19 patients: A multicenter study under a treatment regime in accordance with practice guidelines","authors":"Masayuki Kaku ,&nbsp;Shoji Ando ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Ono ,&nbsp;Yurie Koga ,&nbsp;Yuki Hotehama ,&nbsp;Yusuke Enomoto ,&nbsp;Masakazu Miyagi ,&nbsp;Tatsuya Ito ,&nbsp;Shota Araki ,&nbsp;Shinichi Honjyo ,&nbsp;Sachiko Atsuta ,&nbsp;Nao Hino ,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Ito ,&nbsp;Shigemi Kamiya ,&nbsp;Satomi Inoue ,&nbsp;Yuri Yotsumoto ,&nbsp;Toshihiro Sakurai ,&nbsp;Takeshi Nishikawa","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><p>The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), calculated from the serum level of albumin (Alb) and total lymphocyte count (TLC), has been considered to effectively predict the outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients. However, since the establishment of COVID-19 treatment regimens, its effectiveness has become unclear. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter study to establish whether PNI is still valid as a prognostic indicator for these patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We retrospectively examined the medical records of critically ill COVID-19 patients who required intubation and mechanical ventilatory management (MV) between July 2021 and March 2023.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Seventy patients (50 males, mean age 62.9 years) were included and PNI at the start of intensive care was 31.7, which was in the “critical range”. The results obtained showed that PNI was not a predictor of death, whereas the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and a high SOFA score were identified as predictors. The presence of COPD and obesity were also predictive factors for the number of days of MV.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Since the establishment of COVID-19 treatment regimens, PNI may not be an effective tool for predicting the risk of death or MV days in critically ill COVID-19 patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 88-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266726852400069X/pdfft?md5=8aa2d8cb23f8bdb5754f0f32e1fd47f6&pid=1-s2.0-S266726852400069X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141979587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of Covid-19 on lifestyle and dietary habits during and after lockdown in people with neurological conditions, and their perceptions of how these changes have impacted their physical and mental health: A cross-sectional survey study","authors":"A.-M.Catherine Graham ,&nbsp;Laura Bystrom ,&nbsp;Olivia Rogers ,&nbsp;Zoe Berwick ,&nbsp;Oumaima Akrane ,&nbsp;Aimee Field ,&nbsp;Darjela Zdrava ,&nbsp;Shelly Coe","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Research has shown that the Covid-19 pandemic may have had negative effects on lifestyle factors of people in the UK, however research is limited in terms of the impact on people living with neurological conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's (PD) and spinal cord injury (SCI). This study explores the impact that the pandemic had on mental health and lifestyle factors such as dietary habits, supplement use and exercise in those with MS, PD and SCI.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional, online, questionnaire study was carried out on a cohort of 134 people in the United Kingdom during the Covid-19 pandemic. Participants completed the questionnaire between June 2021–February 2022. Eligibility criteria included being over the age of 18 years, and declaring having been formally diagnosed with either MS (n=27, female=81%), PD (n=84, female=35%), SCI (n=23, female=61%).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>33% of participants reported an increased consumption of alcohol and 29% a decreased consumption of fruit and vegetables. However, 64% of participants reported no change in diet (p &lt; 0.001). Vitamin D, multivitamin/minerals, probiotic and fish oil were the most commonly consumed supplements by participants. Although intake of any supplement was not significantly impacted by Covid-19 for the total cohort, by condition, and by sex, a generalised linear mixed model indicated SCI participants consumed more supplement types during Covid-19 than before (OR:1.98; 95% CI [1.04, 3.77]). Additionally, 29% of participants reported they contacted their families less than pre-pandemic (p=0.001), and 60% reported they experienced more fatigue since the pandemic. Open-ended questions added quality context to the categorical data.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study suggests that the impact Covid-19 has had on people with neurological conditions is complex and individual, yet the negative effects may be more pronounced than the general public. Overall, there were changes in lifestyle behaviours, some which may be detrimental to health and life quality in these already vulnerable groups. Therefore, these changes need to be considered in the aftermath of the pandemic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 109-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667268524000676/pdfft?md5=4d5079ef265552f91205748a3a5c171e&pid=1-s2.0-S2667268524000676-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic role of vitamin D in COVID-19 patients","authors":"Muhammad Imran ,&nbsp;Ramna Zia ,&nbsp;Maryam Ali ,&nbsp;Saima Sadaf ,&nbsp;Kiran Iqbal ,&nbsp;Asad Ali ,&nbsp;Usama Iqbal ,&nbsp;Sana Muhammad Din ,&nbsp;Jawaria Shahid ,&nbsp;Ali Ahsan ,&nbsp;Zahra Kalim ,&nbsp;Chaudhry Ahmed Shabbir ,&nbsp;Sajjad Ullah","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>SARS-CoV-2 has had a significant worldwide impact, leading to widespread illness and mortality. With the lack of specific antiviral treatments, there is a growing interest in exploring the potential therapeutic effects of various nutritional supplements, including vitamin D. Vitamin D plays an essential role in health, has been implicated in modulating the immune response and reducing inflammation, which may have implications in the prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients having low level of vitamin D are predisposed to severe consequences. Vitamin D and COVID-19 have shown an inverse relationship. This review is an understanding of the remedial effects of vitamin D in COVID-19, including its potential mechanism of action, evidence from clinical studies, and recommendations for supplementation of vitamin D in patients suffering from COVID-19.</p></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><p>Google scholar, Sci-Hub, pubmed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 78-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667268524000627/pdfft?md5=73295a671a69e7c2345730bc25f7748f&pid=1-s2.0-S2667268524000627-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141709398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived phase angle as a pragmatic screening tool for assessing sarcopenia in multi-ethnic peritoneal dialysis patients","authors":"Shi-Wah Lee ,&nbsp;Zulfitri Azuan Mat Daud ,&nbsp;Jun-Hao Lim ,&nbsp;Cordelia-Kheng-May Lim ,&nbsp;Imliya Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Yoke-Mun Chan ,&nbsp;Nor Fadhlina Zakaria","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Sarcopenia, characterized by the loss of muscle mass and function, is prevalent in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Early diagnosis is crucial, but universal screening is often hindered by the complexity of diagnostic algorithms and limited clinical resources. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the ability of bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived phase angle (PhA), a convenient and cost-effective technique, in detecting sarcopenia among PD patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted on 130 multi-ethnic PD patients in Malaysia. Sarcopenia was assessed using Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 diagnostic algorithm. PhA was measured by a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device at 50kHz. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictability of PhA on sarcopenia. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to evaluate the discriminative performance of PhA in detecting sarcopenia. Optimal gender-specific PhA cut-off values for sarcopenia detection were determined based on desired sensitivity and specificity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Sarcopenia was identified in 25.4% of the PD patients. PhA emerged as an independent predictor of sarcopenia (adjOR= 0.147; 95%CI =0.042–0.516; <em>P</em> =0.003), exhibiting excellent discriminative power in identifying sarcopenia (adjAUC_overall= 0.818±0.041; bootstrapped 95%CI =0.734–0.899, <em>P &lt;0.001</em>). The optimal PhA cut-off values for sarcopenia detection were ≤4.05° (92.9% sensitivity and 53.8% specificity) and ≤3.75° (78.9% sensitivity and 51.1% specificity) for male and female patients, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>PhA serves as a pragmatic screening tool for identifying multi-ethnic Malaysian PD patients at risk of sarcopenia, facilitating early diagnosis and intervention to improve patient outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 26-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667268524000652/pdfft?md5=1e58dfebc8850ecb414194988668efd8&pid=1-s2.0-S2667268524000652-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of two bioelectrical impedance analyzers for estimating body composition in a cohort of pediatric oncology patients","authors":"Denise Froon-Torenstra ,&nbsp;Lisanne Renting ,&nbsp;Dieuwertje E. Kok ,&nbsp;Wilbert P. Vermeij ,&nbsp;Wim J.E. Tissing","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><p>Unfavourable changes in body composition are frequently reported in children with cancer. An easy and affordable method to measure body composition is bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). In this study, we compared the Tanita MC780-MA Body Composition Analyzer (Tanita) versus the Bodystat Quadscan 4000 analyzer (Bodystat) to determine whether the Tanita is a suitable analyzer for pediatric oncology patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, 84 childhood cancer patients/survivors were included. Per patient 1, 2 or 3 visits were planned during or after treatment. During each visit, BIA measurements were performed first with the Tanita analyzer followed by the Bodystat analyzer. In total, 131 measurements were included. Spearman correlation and concordance correlation coefficients of Lin (CCC) were calculated for fat percentage (Fat%), fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM). Bland-Altman plots were constructed to assess the agreement between both analyzers.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Fat%, FM and FFM values differed statistically significantly when comparing the BIA devices (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p&lt;0.001), but absolute differences between medians were small. Spearman correlations and CCC’s were high for FM (0.94 and 0.92, respectively) and FFM (0.99 and 0.99, respectively), but moderate for Fat% (0.70 and 0.65, respectively). Bland-Altman plots did not show low differences of means (biases; for Fat%, FM and FFM 2,6%, 0,6 kg and -0,6 kg respectively), but relatively large limits of agreement (-9.77% – 15.89% , -5.6 kg – 7.2 kg and -5.9 kg – 4.6 kg respectively).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Based on the good agreement between the Tanita and Bodystat on group level, and the fact that the Tanita is a more patient-friendly device, the Tanita can be used to measure body composition instead of the Bodystat in pediatric oncology patients, making it easier and faster to gain information about body composition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"57 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667268524000640/pdf?md5=2e592b1d60c421f1e6ea449d2607cc2c&pid=1-s2.0-S2667268524000640-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141709956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-enzyme-Q10 and taurine abate isoprenaline-mediated hepatorenal dysregulations and oxidative stress in rats","authors":"Emuesiri G. Moke ,&nbsp;Jerome N. Asiwe ,&nbsp;Benneth Ben-Azu ,&nbsp;Emmanuel O. Chidebe ,&nbsp;Winifred E. Demaki ,&nbsp;Emuesiri K. Umukoro ,&nbsp;Benjamin Oritsemuelebi ,&nbsp;Tarela M.E. Daubry ,&nbsp;Bartholomew C. Nwogueze ,&nbsp;Efe E. Ahama ,&nbsp;Earnest O. Erhirhie ,&nbsp;Obukohwo M. Oyovwi","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><p>Hepatic and renal damages manifest in patients with acute or chronic heart failure after the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI).</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our objective in this study was aimed to investigate the protective effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and taurine, which are bioactive compounds with protective functions, on liver and kidney toxicity rat exposed to isoprenaline, a popular tool for MI induction.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Following two (2) consecutive days of exposure to isoprenaline (200 mg/kg, i.p.), adult Wistar rats were treated with CoQ10 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and taurine (100 mg/kg, i.p.) singly and in combination for 19 days. Following 21 days of experimentation, blood, liver and kidney were collected for biochemical and histological studies indicative of hepatic and kidney damage.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our result showed that CoQ10 and taurine significantly decreased serum LDH, AST, ALT, and ALP, indicative of hepatic damage compared to isoprenaline groups. The increased creatinine and urea release suggestive of kidney dysfunction were suppressed by CoQ10 and taurine relative to the isoprenaline group. Additionally, CoQ10 and taurine significantly reversed isoprenaline-mediated oxidative stress-induced liver and kidney damage, which are shown by decreased malondialdehyde and nitrite accompanied by increased antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GST, GSH). Modifications to cellular histoarchitectural and fibrosis of the hepatic and renal tissues were attenuated by CoQ10 and taurine therapy.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion and conclusion</h3><p>The findings from this study suggest that CoQ10 and taurine supplements may prevent isoprenaline-induced hepatorenal dysfunctions, possibly by alleviating oxidative stress and histoarchitectural protective functions of the hepatic and kidney cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 10-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667268524000664/pdfft?md5=c93ef6343e71ad8a43f445bae9d1c981&pid=1-s2.0-S2667268524000664-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141712771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the functional impact of sarcopenia and myosteatosis three months after discharge to an intensive care population? A monocentric observational study","authors":"Margot Dressaire ,&nbsp;Bertrand Souweine ,&nbsp;Yves Boirie ,&nbsp;Radhia Bouzgarrou ,&nbsp;Frederic Costes ,&nbsp;Antoine Perrey ,&nbsp;Louis Boyer ,&nbsp;Lucie Cassagnes ,&nbsp;Claire Dupuis","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; Aims</h3><p>Sarcopenia and myosteatosis are proving to be major factors to predict mortality in intensive care patients. Few studies are currently focusing on evaluating the functional impact after intensive care discharge and none has considered sarcopenia and myosteatosis as prognostic factors.</p><p>The aim of our study was to determine whether sarcopenia and myosteatosis are reliable prognostic factors for mid-term functional impact in critical patients a few months after intensive care discharge.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We carried out a retrospective monocentric study using computed-tomography scanner performed on intensive care admission and/or three months after discharge to assess sarcopenia and myosteatosis in 43 patients with critical illnesses who underwent a multidisciplinary evaluation on a multidisciplinary consultation's day hospital.</p><p>We used L3 and/or T4 computed-tomography-scan levels to assess sarcopenia with the skeletal muscle index and myosteatosis with skeletal muscle density. These data were compared with main patient characteristics on intensive care admission and during intensive care stay and with functional assessments at the post intensive care multidisciplinary consultations, based on hand grip strength test, 6-minute walking test, and peak inspiratory pressure.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found a good correlation of both skeletal muscle index and skeletal muscle density for T4 and L3 levels. Skeletal muscle index was correlated with hand grip strength test, and skeletal muscle density with 6-minute walking test, which are both functional tests recommended in the algorithm of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People to diagnose sarcopenia. Peak inspiratory pressure was correlated with both skeletal muscle index and skeletal muscle density and also with other functional tests.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We confirmed the reliability of thoracic computed-tomography-scan to assess sarcopenia and myosteatosis. We found that skeletal muscle index and skeletal muscle density are independent but complementary predictive factors for functional impact at mid-term in intensive care patients. Peak inspiratory pressure could be a useful tool for the assessment and management of sarcopenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 52-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667268524000639/pdfft?md5=05c5baf5b998008734fbd27ea99fe37a&pid=1-s2.0-S2667268524000639-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141697873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional status, nutritional risk, nutrition impact symptoms, and nutritional treatment in inpatients with COVID-19 during the first outbreak – An observational study","authors":"Martine Kjærsgaard Nielsen,&nbsp;Anne Wilkens Knudsen,&nbsp;Anne Mette Larsen,&nbsp;Pia Sonne,&nbsp;Helena Osbæck Jensen,&nbsp;Anne Marie Beck,&nbsp;Tina Munk","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background/aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;During the first outbreak of COVID-19 knowledge regarding nutritional status and target areas of the nutritional treatment to patients admitted to the hospitals with COVID-19 was limited. Therefore, the aim was 1) to describe baseline characteristics including nutritional status, nutritional risk, energy- and protein intake, nutritional route, and Nutrition Impact Symptoms (NIS) known to have an impact on the nutritional intake; 2) to compare these characteristics in patients who, respectively, survived or died within 30 days after discharge and 3) to describe nutritional aspects in the transition between hospitalisation and a home setting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This was an observational study. Patients admitted with COVID-19 in 2020 and referred to clinical dietitians were enrolled. Data on nutritional status, nutritional risk, NIS, nutritional treatment, grade of inflammation, 30-days mortality and readmissions rate and nutritional aspects after discharge were collected from the patient journal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We included 81 patients, 41 (51%) male, median age 75 (IQR: 63–83). Patients were referred to the clinical dietitians at median day 4 (IQR: 3–8) of the hospital stay. The median BMI was 25 (IQR: 21–28) and 58 (83%) were at nutritional risk. Nutrition route was primarily oral (89%). The three most common NIS were; decreased appetite (88%), shortness of breath (55%), and early satiety (47%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At the 30 days follow-up 23 (28%) patients were deceased, of these 16 (70%) before discharge. The patients who died were older (median 82 vs. 72 y, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.002), and more were admitted from a care facility (48 vs. 17%, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.005). Further, among those who died fewer covered their energy requirement (25 vs. 43%, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.001), and protein requirement (23 vs. 34%, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.032). Also chewing- and swallowing problems were more prevalent in those who died (45 vs. 17%, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.048). There were no differences in nutritional status, nutritional risk, or nutritional route among the two groups. A total of 21 (26%) patients were readmitted within 30 days.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At discharge only 11 (14%) patients had a nutritional discharge plan made by the clinical dietician. Up to one fifth still experienced NIS with early satiety (20%), chewing or swallowing problems (15%) and respiratory problems (15%) being the most frequent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 had several NIS, a high prevalence of nutritional risk and the majority had a nutritional intake below requirement. The mortality was high, especially during hospitalisation, and those patients that died had a lower intake of energy and protein and hence also coverage of requirement. Most patients were fed orally during hospitalisation. More than one fourth of the patients were readmitted within 30 days. Few patients had a nutritional discharge plan made by the dietitian and up till one fift","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 39-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667268524000615/pdfft?md5=637bb7c1e0bf564a0ca783e1cce55964&pid=1-s2.0-S2667268524000615-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of the ketogenic diet on outcomes of the highly prevalent neurological diseases in the United Kingdom and possible biochemical mechanisms behind: A review","authors":"Cheuk Ming Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To identify what impacts the ketogenic diet (KD) may have on the outcomes of the highly prevalent neurological diseases (NDs) in the UK. These NDs are migraine, traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, fibromyalgia and restless legs syndrome (RLS). Additionally, if KD does impact the NDs outcomes, to identify by what biochemical mechanisms that does occur.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Studies using KD as an intervention to treat NDs were identified through electronic database searches which comprise of 4 main themes (highly prevalent NDs, KD, neurological outcomes and biochemical mechanisms). Quality appraisal tools and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) were used to assess the quality of studies and evidence identified.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Twelve articles were identified and no studies for fibromyalgia and RLS. KD had positive impacts on all outcomes in migraine (attack frequency, duration, intensity, etc.) and stroke (balance &amp; coordination, sensation, etc.). KD also had positive impacts on all outcomes in TBI ranging from physical, mental &amp; behaviour and cognitive aspects, except no impact on “anxiety-like behaviour” and “brain oedema”. Improvement of mitochondria metabolism and reduction of neuroinflammation are the common biochemical mechanisms of KD improving the NDs outcomes. The specific mechanisms for migraine, TBI and stroke include inhibition of neuronal excitability, preservation of brain volume and increase in adenosine activity respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>KD improved almost all outcomes in migraine, TBI and stroke by different biochemical mechanisms. However, cautions are needed to be taken while interpreting the results as RCTs on humans were lacking in this review.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 65-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667268524000597/pdfft?md5=1a98338eaf589f98e66c7122768d57fd&pid=1-s2.0-S2667268524000597-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}