Clinical Nutrition Open Science最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Are ultra-processed plant-based meats better than the alternative?” [Clin Nutr Open Sci 61 (2025) 241–252]","authors":"Michael Greger","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Page 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measured versus predicted resting metabolic rate in patients hospitalised due to a diabetic foot ulcer: a prospective observational cohort study","authors":"Lora Van Loenhout , Eline Snijders , Anne-Sophie Vercammen , Kristof Van Dessel , An Verrijken , Patrick Lauwers , Eveline Dirinck","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background & Aims</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the eventual discrepancy between predicted resting metabolic rate (p-RMR) using equations (Harris-Benedict (HB), Mifflin-St. Jeor (MSJ), World Health Organization (WHO), Cunningham (CU), Lührmann (LU) and Owen) and the gold standard of the measured resting metabolic rate (m-RMR) using indirect calorimetry (IC), in patients admitted to the Antwerp University Hospital (UZA) with a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Secondly, the impact of nutritional status on this discrepancy was assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective observational cohort study recruited patients admitted to the UZA due to a DFU from November 1st, 2021, to June 30th, 2023. A thorough nutritional assessment (nutritional questionnaires, anthropometry and bio-electrical impedance analysis) was performed upon admission. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria were used to diagnose malnutrition. On admission, daily caloric requirements were measured by IC and predicted using six equations (MSJ, HB, WHO, CU, LU and Owen). Data were analysed using paired t-tests and Bland-Altman plots to assess statistically significant and clinically significant (>150 kcal/day) differences.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 59 subjects were enrolled in this study, including 46 men (78%). Patients included had a median age of 74 (38–90) years, had diabetes for 21±15 years and had a median Body Mass Index (BMI) of 27,1 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Fifty-four percent were malnourished on admission. The mean m-RMR using IC was 1570±290 kcal/day while the mean p-RMR were 1584±241 kcal/day (MSJ), 1625±263 kcal/day (HB), 1685±210 kcal/day (WHO), 1596±203 kcal/day (CU), 1666±249 kcal/day (LU) and 1525±222 kcal/day (Owen). The WHO equation overestimated the m-RMR to the greatest extent (+115±213 kcal/day; <em>P</em><0,001), followed by the Lührmann equation (+96±229 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,002). The equation most precisely predicting the m-RMR values was the MSJ equation (+14±213 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,610). The MSJ, WHO and Owen equations differed on average more from the m-RMR in patients who were malnourished (MSJ: +24±212 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,523) (WHO: +137±217 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,001) (Owen: -63±217 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,109) than in patients who were normally fed (MSJ: +2±218 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,955) (WHO: +90±211 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,036) (Owen: -23±188 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,524). For the HB, CU and LU equations, the p-RMR differed on average more from the m-RMR in patients who were normally fed (HB: +57±216 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,185) (CU: +42±189 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,261) (LU: +96±229 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,038) than in malnourished patients (HB: +54±218 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,174) (CU: +12±216 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,760) (LU: +96±232 kcal/day; <em>P</em>=0,027). For all equations, a subset of patients (WHO: 27/59; HB: 28/59; MSJ: 25/59; Owen: 22/59; CU: 20/59; LU: 28/59) e","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 63-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet habits and body composition in people with cystic fibrosis under elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor treatment - A longitudinal, observational study","authors":"Rebecca Røsok Reitan ,&nbsp;Bernt Bøgvald Aarli ,&nbsp;Magnhild L.P. Kolsgaard ,&nbsp;Egil Bakkeheim ,&nbsp;Hanne Rosendahl-Riise","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Malnutrition is a significant concern in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Historically, nutritional goals have focused on increasing energy intake and body weight, with less attention to energy sources. This study evaluates diet habits and body composition in pwCF under elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a longitudinal, observational study in adult pwCF using ETI medications in Western Norway. The nutritional status in 27 pwCF using ETI treatment was assessed using dietary assessments and measurements of anthropometrics, body composition and handgrip strength.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Post-ETI treatment, mean body mass index increased by 1.2 kg/m², with more pwCF classified as overweight than underweight. Few pwCF had fat-free mass index, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, or handgrip strength below sarcopenia thresholds, and mean values aligned with general healthy population references. Dietary intake of saturated fat exceeded the daily recommended intake.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although weight and BMI improved following ETI treatment, proactive measures are imperative to address the current trends of weight gain, elevated FM%, and dietary patterns inconsistent with recommendations. Close monitoring and interventions to prevent excessive weight gain and to improve diet quality may become essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 277-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The energy requirement after ICU discharge and strategies to improve nutritional adequacy","authors":"Marialaura Scarcella ,&nbsp;Luca D’Alessandro ,&nbsp;Emidio Scarpellini ,&nbsp;Ludovico Abenavoli ,&nbsp;Ioannis Alexandros ,&nbsp;Edoardo De Robertis ,&nbsp;Antonella Cotoia","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition from intensive care unit (ICU) to general wards marks a critical juncture in the recovery of critically ill patients, characterized by persistently high metabolic demands and vulnerability to malnutrition. Despite growing awareness of the importance of nutrition during this phase, there is a significant evidence gap regarding specific energy and protein requirements post-ICU discharge. This review explores the current recommendations and literature on energy and protein provision in ICU survivors, highlighting the complexity of post-ICU nutritional needs driven by hypermetabolism, physical rehabilitation, and the presence of anabolic resistance in older and frail patients. The inadequacy of nutritional intake in post-ICU settings is consistently reported, particularly among patients relying solely on oral nutrition. Barriers such as appetite dysregulation, dysphagia, post-intensive care syndrome, and systemic issues including rigid food service structures further compromise recovery. Innovative strategies, including the use of indirect calorimetry, targeted supplementation, and personalized nutritional interventions, are essential to bridge this “nutritional gap.” This review underscores the need for structured post-ICU nutritional care pathways, interdisciplinary coordination, and continued research to define evidence-based targets for energy and protein intake during convalescence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of nutrition knowledge questionnaire for cancer-related anorexia and cachexia syndrome in Taiwanese patients with cancer","authors":"Tzu-Fang Chen ,&nbsp;Tsae-Jyy Wang ,&nbsp;Shu-Yuan Liang ,&nbsp;Chieh-Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Shiow-Chwen Tsai ,&nbsp;Gwo-Chi Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with over half of patients dying from cancer-related anorexia–cachexia syndrome (CACS). CACS is characterized by progressive weight loss and reductions in muscle and/or fat mass and considerably affects quality of life, prognosis, treatment tolerance, and length of hospitalization. Nutritional consultation or education is a key strategy for managing cancer-related cachexia. However, its effectiveness is determined by several factors, such as patients' nutritional knowledge. To date, no standardized tool has been developed for assessing the nutrition knowledge of patients with cancer specific to CACS. This study developed and validated the Cancer-Related Anorexia and Cachexia Syndrome Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (CACSNKQ) to assess patients' understanding of nutrition in the context of cachexia.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The initial version of the CACSNKQ comprised 35 items. The validation process involved content validity assessment, item analysis, reliability testing by using the Kuder–Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20), and the criterion-groups technique. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify underlying factors and refine the questionnaire by eliminating items with low factor loadings or cross loadings.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The CACSNKQ was validated in a sample of 203 participants. The content validity analysis revealed that item-level content validity indices exceeded 0.80, and internal consistency was strong, with the KR-20 coefficient being &gt;0.80. The exploratory factor analysis yielded a Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin coefficient of 0.869. Following the analysis, the questionnaire was refined to include 21 items, with higher scores indicating greater knowledge of cachexia-related nutrition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The CACSNKQ is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing cachexia-related nutrition knowledge. In clinical practice, this tool can enhance awareness among patients and health-care providers regarding the importance of nutritional knowledge in managing CACS. In academic and research contexts, it can serve as a valuable tool for evaluating the effectiveness of nutrition education programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 143-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical muscle stimulation improves vastus medialis quality: A single-case experimental design","authors":"Yoshitsugu Tanino,&nbsp;Yuki Fukumoto,&nbsp;Wataru Yamazaki,&nbsp;Takaki Yoshida","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; Aims</h3><div>Studies have shown that qualitative changes, such as ectopic fat accumulation, are associated with muscle weakness and degeneration of the articular cartilage. This study aimed to investigate the effects and timing of electrical muscle stimulation on the vastus medialis using a single-case experimental design to evaluate improvement in muscle quality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three healthy males participated in this study. An “ABAB design” was employed over a 14-week period, alternating between baseline phases without electrical muscle stimulation (3 weeks each) and intervention phases with electrical stimulation (4 weeks each). Electrical muscle stimulation was applied to the vastus medialis for 30 min three times per week during the intervention phases. The intensity was adjusted to a tolerable level of discomfort. Sonographic echo intensity of the vastus medialis, reflecting intramuscular fat content, and body fat percentage were measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the first electrical muscle stimulation phase, the effect size based on the percentage of non-overlapping data in echo intensity was 0% for all three subjects compared to the baseline. However, during the second baseline phase, subjects A and C achieved 100% (indicating very effective changes). In the second electrical muscle stimulation phase, all subjects exhibited 100%. No significant changes in body fat percentage were observed during the study.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that electrical muscle stimulation must be sustained for at least 4 weeks to effectively reduce intramuscular fat and improve vastus medialis muscle quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 174-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition in complex chronic outpatients","authors":"M. Lecha ,&nbsp;C. Vaqué-Crusellas ,&nbsp;A. Peñalva-Arigita ,&nbsp;R. Prats ,&nbsp;A. Sansano ,&nbsp;D. Rubira ,&nbsp;M. Albareda ,&nbsp;L. Vila","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The prevalence of disease-related malnutrition (DRM) among Chronic Patients with Complex Needs (CPCN), (a population characterised by multimorbidity, functional decline, and frequent health and social needs), remains poorly established in hospital outpatients settings. These individuals, often older and frail, are presumed to be at higher risk of suffering malnutrition. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), validated for use in older and frail adults, identifies individuals who are malnourished as well as those at risk of malnutrition (RM).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>1. To determine the prevalence of DRM and RM in CPCN outpatients. 2. To analyse the association between DRM and RM and a set of clinical, dietary, and social factors relevant to this population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Single-centre observational study conducted over a cross-sectional period (June 2022–January 2023). Consecutive sampling was used from the CPCN outpatient registry, a clinical listing used to monitor patients receiving specialised chronic care follow-up. Inclusion criteria: outpatients, ≥18 years, CPCN, life expectancy ≥1 year, living at home. Exclusion criteria: enteral nutrition, dementia GDS ≥5. Variables: gender, age, nutritional status (MNA), education, living alone/accompanied, risk of dysphagia (EAT-10), dental status, adherence to Mediterranean diet (MEDAS), exercise time (walking ≥30 minutes or other similar exercise) and quality of life (EuroQoL).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>N=340 patients. Mean age=80.8 years (SD 6.6), 51% female. Ninety percent had only primary education or non, and 23.5% lived alone. Quality of life had a mean score of 61/100 (SD: 17.3). Risk of dysphagia found in 20.6% and 38.2% had missing teeth or teeth in poor condition. While 66.8% adhered correctly to the Mediterranean diet, 55% did not exercise regularly. The prevalence of RM was 31.7% (95% CI: 31.2 to 32.3) with 10.9% being malnourished (95% CI: 10.3 to 11.46). In the multivariate analysis, RM was independently associated with being female (OR: 1.894; 95% CI: 1.102–3.255; <em>P</em>=0.021), the presence of risk of dysphagia (OR: 2.375; 95% CI: 1.241–4.545; <em>P</em>=0.009), teeth in poor condition (OR: 2.897; 95% CI: 1.609–5.217; <em>P</em>&lt;0.001) and non-adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR: 3.595; 95% CI: 2.034–6.354; <em>P</em>&lt;0.001). The DRM was independently associated with being the presence of risk of dysphagia (OR: 2.722; 95% CI: 1.127–6.573; <em>P</em>=0.026) and non-adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR: 4.428; 95% CI: 2.005–9.781; <em>P</em>&lt;0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There is a high prevalence of CPCN with DRM and RM in the outpatient setting. The results reinforce the need to establish nutritional strategies aimed at improving eating habits and nutritional status in this vulnerable group of people.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 131-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity of NRS-2002, MUST, MST, and MNA-SF as first-step screening tools for malnutrition based on GLIM criteria in older adults","authors":"Xuan Le Thi Thanh ,&nbsp;Phuong Duong Thi ,&nbsp;Huong Le Thi ,&nbsp;Toi Phung Lam ,&nbsp;Dung Nguyen Quang ,&nbsp;Lan Nguyen Thi Huong ,&nbsp;Thuc Luu Thi My ,&nbsp;Hong Nguyen Thi Thuy","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>According to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM), screening for malnutrition risk using a validated tool is the first essential step in the diagnostic process. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of four commonly used tools - Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002), Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) as a first-step screening instrument for hospitalized older adults according to the GLIM criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 hospitalized elderly patients at Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Vietnam, between September and December 2023. Nutritional risk was screened at admission using MNA-SF, NRS-2002, MST, and MUST. Malnutrition was diagnosed using GLIM criteria and full MNA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 200 patients, malnutrition risk or malnutrition was identified in 65.0% by MNA-SF, 45.0% by MST, 45.5% by MUST, and 45.0% by NRS-2002. According to full MNA, 58.5% of patients were at risk of malnutrition, and the prevalence of malnutrition based on GLIM criteria (without prior screening) was 54.0%. Using different screening tools as the first step for GLIM, MNA-SF showed the best performance (sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 82.9%, AUC: 0.91), followed by MUST (AUC: 0.88), NRS-2002 (AUC: 0.87), and MST (AUC: 0.83). Agreement with GLIM-defined malnutrition was high for all tools (Cohen's kappa: 0.81–0.95), with the highest for NRS-2002 (kappa = 0.93).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>All four screening tools showed good diagnostic performance for detecting malnutrition based on GLIM criteria. Among them, MNA-SF showed the highest accuracy, making it the most effective first-step tool for screening and detecting malnutrition in elderly hospitalized patients based on the GLIM criteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 99-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the association between vitamin D status and Corona Virus-19 infection in a cohort of adults aged 50 years and older","authors":"Carol L. Wagner ,&nbsp;John E. Baatz ,&nbsp;Myla Ebeling ,&nbsp;Danforth A. Newton ,&nbsp;Judith R. Shary ,&nbsp;Mathew Gregoski ,&nbsp;Mark T. Wagner ,&nbsp;David Zava ,&nbsp;Carole Baggerly ,&nbsp;Sonya Ketchens ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Korte ,&nbsp;Bruce W. Hollis","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluate the association between vitamin D (vitD) status and Corona Virus-19 (COVID-19) infection in adults aged 50 years and older.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Design&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Adults ≥50 undergoing COVID-19 testing from July 2020 to December 2021, without prior vaccination, consented to blood analysis. SARS-CoV-2 PCR confirmed current COVID-19 infection. VitD status was assessed via 25(OH)D concentration (LCMS/MS, ZRT Labs, Portland, OR). Sociodemographic data were collected at enrollment. Statistical analyses (SAS 9.4) examined associations between sociodemographics, COVID-19, and vitD status. Multivariate logistic regression analyzed factors linked to COVID-19 or vitD status.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Of 131 participants, 46.6% were ≥65 years old, 71.0% married, 19.9% Black American, 36.6% male, 38.9% Medicaid/Medicare/self-pay, and 42.8% BMI≥30. VitD status and Black American (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.0001) significantly associated with COVID-19 infection (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.0001). Black American (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.0003), males (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.003), and BMI (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.007) were inversely associated with 25(OH)D concentration. In a multiple logistic regression model predicting COVID-19 infection, only vitamin D status remained significant after controlling for certain sociodemographic and clinical factors (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;0.0001, OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.89–0.95).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Of the 44 COVID-positive participants, 35 (79.6%) were hospitalized and 19 (43.2%) were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Hospitalization due to COVID-19 was associated with age ≥65 years old (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.02; OR 12.0, 95% CI 1.34–106.79), male (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.02, OR 10.7, 95% CI 1.20–94.73), and 25(OH)D &lt;40 ng/mL (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.0006, OR 42.5, 95% CI 3.90–461.01). In multivariate analysis, the association between vitamin D status and the risk of COVID-related hospitalization remained significant and inversely associated (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.03, OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–0.99).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In unadjusted analysis, COVID pneumonia was associated with male sex (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.049; OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.06–20.16) and 25(OH)D &lt;40 ng/mL (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.006, OR 18.8, 95% CI 1.9–184.10). Participants with COVID infection and 25(OH)D &lt;20 ng/mL were 2.1 times more likely to be admitted to ICU/death (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.03). In unadjusted analysis, ICU admission and/or death were linked to age ≥65 years (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.0002, OR 16.9, 95% CI 3.63–78.56), Medicaid/Medicare/self-pay insurance status (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.004, OR 0.1, 0.04–0.56), and 25(OH)D &lt;20 (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.03, OR 3.9, 1.09–13.66) and &lt;40 ng/mL (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.03); however, only age ≥65 remained significant in multivariate analysis (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.04, OR 6.7, CI 1.05–43.0).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Lower 25(OH)D concentration was a significant predictor and/or contributor to COVID-19 infection, suggesting the importance of maintaining adequate vitamin D status in reducing infection risk and mitigating severe outcomes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/di","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 48-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Nutrition in critical illness survivors: Why gaining a grip matters”","authors":"Elisabeth De Waele ,&nbsp;Zenzi Rosseel","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this viewpoint, we explore the challenges and opportunities in nutritional therapy for patients in the post-ICU recovery phase. The complexity of metabolic alterations and organ dysfunction in critical illness highlights the need for individualized nutritional strategies. Current approaches to protein and energy dosing remain generalized, indicating a lack of phenotyping and endotyping. The transition from critical illness to recovery is a gradual process, with patients often spending extended periods in hospital wards after ICU discharge. We identify this post-ICU period as a crucial anabolic window for muscle regeneration and rehabilitation. However, there is a lack of clear guidance and strong evidence for nutritional therapy in post-ICU patients. Large studies and RCT's that investigate nutritional adequacy and the necessary follow-up are lacking. We call for dedicated research to develop intelligent approaches to post-ICU nutrition, leveraging new technologies including artificial intelligence, wearables and collaborative tools. Multidisciplinary teams are a key component in the post ICU recovery while the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing these challenges is clear. The incorporation of economic considerations in developing nutritional care strategies is important, as is the need for smart implementation strategies to improve nutritional care for ICU survivors. Enhanced care for ICU survivors could improve nutrition adequacy and with that decrease the incidence of malnutrition with lower readmissions and infections rates resulting in a lower economic burden. The focus in this article is the post ICU period but the rehabilitation period after discharge should not be overlooked. Finally, we conclude that through these efforts, we can significantly enhance the recovery and outcomes of patients transitioning from critical illness to rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 42-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}