Clinical Nutrition Open Science最新文献

{"title":"Nutritional management of survivors of critical illness: The clinical pharmacists' role","authors":"Zenzi Rosseel ,&nbsp;Stephanie C.M. Wuyts ,&nbsp;Marjoleine Desmedt ,&nbsp;Sandrina von Winckelmann ,&nbsp;Elisabeth De Waele ,&nbsp;Claudine Ligneel ,&nbsp;Pieter-Jan Cortoos","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Critically ill patients face many challenges such as dysphagia leading to muscle loss and malnutrition. To prevent and treat malnutrition, ICU protocols from the European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) are established, available and implemented in ICU's, However, in the post-ICU phase, little literature is available evaluating the nutritional needs of those patients as well as the challenges they are facing. Artificial nutrition can be used to provide adequate nutrition, but in combination with various drugs such as prokinetics or analgesics drug side effects, drug-drug and drug-nutrition interactions may occur resulting in suboptimal nutritional therapy. To prevent these problems, clinical pharmacists can provide meaningful support. Clinical pharmacists are specialists in medication review and medication reconciliation guaranteeing adequate dosing, preventing side effects and checking for drug appropriateness. Through multidisciplinary collaboration, they are also often involved in nutritional support. The aim of this article was to review current literature regarding the roles of clinical pharmacists as well as providing insights in their future role in post-ICU nutritional care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 127-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary biomarkers of ultra-processed foods: A narrative review","authors":"Thomas Scott Armstrong,&nbsp;Kaitlyn Delaney Chappell,&nbsp;Lekan Ajibulu,&nbsp;Karen Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapidly increasing prevalence of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) in global diets necessitates a more comprehensive understanding of this food group's effects on health and disease. Nutritional biomarkers are critical for developing this understanding, as they provide an objective assessment of the body's response to UPF intake. Here, we critically assessed the findings of five studies-all of which were identified via a systematic search of the literature using stringent criteria and were focused on the biomarkers of UPFs. Based on the data extracted, we categorized UPF biomarkers into organic acids (including amino acids), lipids/lipid-like molecules, xenobiotic food components (specifically associated with UPFs), and other molecular compounds (dietary oxysterols, nucleotides, proteins, etc). These findings emphasized the importance of future studies concerning UPF and food processing techniques, while providing a succinct summary of the current biomarkers of UPFs in relevant literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 156-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of nutrition in various endocrine and metabolic diseases","authors":"Nanny Natalia Mulyani Soetedjo","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The endocrine system plays a central role in maintaining the body's homeostasis. Endocrine and metabolic disorders are complex and critical areas of healthcare, given their crucial role in regulating various body functions. The author presents nutritional therapy recommendations that can play an essential role in the management of endocrine and metabolic disorders, namely panhypopituitarism, adrenal fatigue, osteoporosis, obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, aging, menopause and andropause, thyroid disorders, and diabetes, to provide a holistic understanding of the role of nutrition and improve the quality of life of patients with these conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 164-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between dietary fat intake and benign breast diseases: a systematic review","authors":"Amir Hossein Faghfouri ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Azizi-Soleiman ,&nbsp;Sevda Saleh-Ghadimi ,&nbsp;Hamed Jafari-Vayghan","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benign breast diseases (BBDs) may herald breast cancer, and diet is one of the most important environmental factors associated with both conditions. Dietary fat intake has been suggested as a potential risk factor for BBDs. We performed a systematic review to comprehensively scrutinize the current knowledge regarding the relationship between dietary fat intake (DFI), the types of consumed fats, and BBDs. A deep and meticulous search was conducted to gather relevant publications until 30th December 2023. The search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus. Eligible studies included female participants with BBDs, employed cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort designs, assessed dietary fat intake using validated tools, and reported outcomes as odds ratios, relative risk, or hazard ratios. After screening, a total of nine studies were included in our final review. The data required were extracted, and the risk of bias was assessed. Our systematic review found that the consumption of vegetable fat could be protective against BBDs while the consumption of animal fat and monounsaturated fat was associated with a higher risk of BBDs. No significant relationship was found between the intake of saturated and polyunsaturated fats and BBDs. A robust relationship between the consumption of various types of dietary fats and BBDs could not be elucidated based on available evidence. Nevertheless, it is advisable for patients who are at risk of BBDs to follow healthy eating habits and be vigilant about the excessive consumption of fats and oils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 102-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between reduced lung function, hydration and nutritional status in patients on hemodialysis: An observational study using bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA)","authors":"Sheila Borges ,&nbsp;Angela Teodósio da Silva ,&nbsp;Taís Ferreira Martins ,&nbsp;Letícia de Araújo Morais ,&nbsp;Felipe Vilaça Cavallari Machado ,&nbsp;Gerson Cipriano Júnior ,&nbsp;Graziella França Bernardelli Cipriano","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the lung function and to investigate the association between pulmonary parameters, hydration, and nutritional status – assessed by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) – in patients on HD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study, including patients with CKD on HD, age &gt;18 years. Laboratory data, lung function and body composition by bioimpedance were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The sample consisted of 42 participants, 23 (55%) male and age 54±14 years. Reduced lung function was prevalent in 30 (71%) participants, and compared to those with preserved lung function, they had higher dialysis vintage, lower body weight, body mass index, adipose tissue mass and fat tissue. Regarding hydration status and bioimpedance parameters, participants with reduced lung function had significant difference in the variable overhydration (OH) (<em>P</em> = 0.034). OH, phase angle (PhA) and reactance (Xc) correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1^st second (FEV₁). Regarding BIVA, the mean vector of patients with reduced lung function indicated hyperhydration and malnutrition and the mean vector of preserved lung function indicated normohydration and adequate nutritional status. The multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine predictors of reduced lung function showed that OH was significantly associated with this condition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Participants with reduced lung function had lower weight, body mass index, fat tissue and hyperhydration, consequently, bioimpedance parameters (OH, PhA and Xc) were correlated with respiratory variables. Fluid status was a predictor of reduced lung function in patients on HD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 114-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of protein intake distribution across meals in maintenance of physical performance and muscle strength in older adults: An exploratory study based on secondary data analysis of the PRevention Of Malnutrition In Senior Subjects in the EU (PROMISS) trial","authors":"Hanneke A.H. Wijnhoven ,&nbsp;Riikka T. Niskanen ,&nbsp;Ilse Reinders ,&nbsp;Merja H. Suominen ,&nbsp;Satu K. Jyväkorpi ,&nbsp;Ingeborg A. Brouwer ,&nbsp;Margreet R. Olthof ,&nbsp;Marjolein Visser","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>There is increasing interest in the impact of protein intake distribution across meals on muscle health and physical performance in older adults, but previous studies have yielded conflicting results. This study aimed to explore the role of protein intake distribution across meals in maintenance of physical performance and muscle strength in older adults with an habitual low protein intake before and during a protein intervention trial.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Secondary data analysis was performed using data of the 6-month PRevention Of Malnutrition In Senior Subjects in the EU (PROMISS) trial, which focussed on increasing protein intake among community older adults (n=276) with habitual low (&lt;1.0 g/adjusted body weight/d) protein intake. Dietary intake was assessed by 3-day food diaries combined with three 24-hour dietary recalls. We examined the association between protein intake distribution and 400-m walk time and leg extension strength, including cross-sectional associations at baseline and longitudinal associations over six months. The three parameters examined included the number of meals high (≥35 g) in protein, protein distribution across meals assessed by the coefficient of variation, and the percentage of protein intake from breakfast. Additionally, we examined whether these longitudinal associations were modified by the intervention to increase protein intake.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>None of the protein intake distribution parameters were associated with 400-m walk time or leg extension strength, neither cross-sectionally nor longitudinally, except for the cross-sectional association between a higher percentage of protein intake from breakfast and slower walking pace in women only (b = 1.8 (95% CI 0.1–3.6)). Longitudinal associations were not modified by the protein intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Distribution of protein intake across meals does not seem to play an important role in maintaining physical performance or muscle strength in older adults with an habitual low protein intake, even if protein intake is increased.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 89-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONECT study: A prospective observational study on comparative nutritional efficacy in critically ill patients receiving ready-to-use vs. compounded parenteral nutrition","authors":"Diogo Oliveira Toledo ,&nbsp;Gabriel Bernardes Yacoub ,&nbsp;Enzzo de Almeida Gallafassi ,&nbsp;Fernanda Antunes Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Julieta Regina Moraes ,&nbsp;Priscila Barsanti de Paula Nogueira ,&nbsp;Daniel Tavares Malheiro ,&nbsp;João Manoel Silva Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Critically ill patients often require parenteral nutrition (PN), however the clinical and economic impact of ready-to-use diets compared to compounded diets is not well understood. This study aimed to analyze the safety and cost-effectiveness of these nutritional strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A prospective observational study was conducted with patients requiring parenteral nutritional therapy. Data on nutritional composition, costs, and complications were collected, and propensity score adjustment was applied to the total sample to ensure an appropriate balance between the ready-to-use diet and the compounded diet groups. Cost calculations were adjusted for diet duration. Outcomes included total complications, mortality, cost per avoided complication, and cost per life saved.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 398 patients were screened, and 329 were included. Following propensity score adjustment, the study included 50 patients, with 25 in each group. The compounded diet showed a higher supply of proteins and lipids, resulting in significantly higher levels of triglycerides (451.11 mg/dL vs. 120.22 mg/dL), pre-albumin (27.24 mg/dL vs. 14.24 mg/dL), glucose (144.32 mg/dL vs. 123.93 mg/dL), and urea (75.6 mg/dL vs. 56.3 mg/dL) in the first week, with persistently elevated levels over four weeks. Although the compounded diet exhibited a lower daily complication rate (0.96 vs. 2.14), the daily mortality rate was higher (0.32 deaths/day vs. 0.14 deaths/day), with no statistically significant difference (<em>P</em> = 0.34). The total cost during the administration of the diet was USD 129,919.00 for the ready-to-use diet and USD 331,525.00 for the compounded diet, resulting in a total incremental cost of USD 201,606.00 over 25 days. The cost per avoided complication was USD 11,121.07 for the ready-to-use diet and USD 12,730.54 for the compounded diet, while the cost per life saved was USD 727.55 for the ready-to-use diet and USD 4,243.51 for the compounded diet.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Compounded PN resulted in higher costs without a statistically significant difference in complications or mortality when compared to the ready-to-use diet. These findings highlight the need for further studies to evaluate the clinical and economic impact of different parenteral nutrition strategies before large-scale implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 139-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of sports and nutrition interventions on the bodyfat and BMI of primary school children (compared to the effects of a lockdown period while Covid19-pandemic)","authors":"Paula Moliterno ,&nbsp;Magdalena Heindl ,&nbsp;Hanna Rosenauer ,&nbsp;Emma Malina-Altzinger ,&nbsp;Tamara Konrad ,&nbsp;Kurt Widhalm","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; Aims</h3><div>The increasing rates of overweight and obesity highlight the need for prevention. The EDDY prevention study aimed to assess whether a school-based program with sports and nutrition interventions could improve the lifestyle of elementary school children in Vienna, Austria.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>During the school year 2018/19, 146 children (8–11 years) were assigned to an intervention group (I1, n=73) or control group (C1). In 2019/20, 130 children were included as a second control group (C2) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Only the intervention group received weekly nutrition and physical activity lessons for 5 months. Weight, height, and body fat were examined at baseline and the end of the project. Body fat was determined by bioelectric impedance analysis using a multi-frequency segmental body composition analyzer. Changes in body fat percentage and BMI after the intervention were compared between groups using Wilcoxon or Student T-Test. Additionally, comparisons were performed with the control group exposed to the first COVID-19 lockdown, where no intervention occurred.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The baseline median BMI for the I1 was 20.3 (14.9–30.6) kg/m², while the C1 was 18.5 (14.0–26.3) kg/m². After the intervention, a significant modest reduction in body fat percentage (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) was achieved [−1.35 (−4.20–0.90) %], compared to C1 [0.10 (−2.90–3.00) %] and C2 [1.88 (−2.55–7.51) %]. Significant differences in BMI changes were observed only between the I1 [0.44 (−1.29–1.84) kg/m²] and the C2 [1.31 (−0.49–3.27) kg/m²] (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A 5-month health intervention promoting nutritional education and additional physical activity in schoolchildren from Vienna positively affected body fat percentage, highlighting the importance of adjusting the school system. The additional challenges of the COVID-19 lockdown were evident in fat mass and BMI, illustrating the dramatic consequences of a lack of daily structure and the important influence of the family environment. Differences in BMI and body fat development suggest the importance of assessing body composition to monitor children's nutritional status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 67-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of yacon syrup on postprandial blood glucose in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A double-blind randomized clinical trial","authors":"Fernanda Freitas Pereira ,&nbsp;Miriam Verginia Lourenço ,&nbsp;Gabriel Vendruscolo Pizo ,&nbsp;Beatris Gomes Siqueira ,&nbsp;Rita M. Moraes ,&nbsp;Charles L. Cantrell ,&nbsp;Mei Wang ,&nbsp;Rosana Maria dos Reis ,&nbsp;Anderson Marliere Navarro","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; Aims</h3><div>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age worldwide. Important metabolic alterations, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR), and impaired glucose metabolism aggravate PCOS, especially in those who are overweight and obese. Certain root vegetables, such as the tuberous root of yacon (<em>Smallanthus sonchifolius</em>), shows potential antidiabetic activity for improving human health. This study evaluates the effect of yacon syrup on postprandial blood glucose response in overweight or obese women with PCOS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a randomized crossover trial lasting fifteen days, with 5 days of intervention and a washout period of 3 days, involving 20 patients diagnosed as overweight or obese with PCOS. We performed a biochemical and anthropometric evaluation of daily food consumption. Yacon syrup and placebo were administered at breakfast, lunch, and dinner. We monitored blood glucose pre-meal, immediate post-meal, 1 hour post-meal, and 2 hours post-meal. A total of 20 women with PCOS were evaluated: 60% (n=12) overweight and 40% (n=8) obese, with a mean age of 27.15 (±5.92) years.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were no significant differences in food consumption (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). However, blood glucose data revealed differences in immediate postprandial blood glucose at meals in general (<em>P</em> = 0.007) and in immediate postprandial blood glucose at breakfast and dinner (<em>P</em>= 0.03 and <em>P</em> = 0.034, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings suggest that the consumption of yacon syrup as part of meals in overweight or obese women with PCOS may contribute to moderating immediate postprandial glycemic response. This effect could be beneficial in reducing glucose fluctuations following meals.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Trial Registry Number</h3><div>RBR-104qgt7b.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 79-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the association between vitamin D status and Corona Virus-19 infection in a cohort of adults aged 50 years and older","authors":"Carol L. Wagner ,&nbsp;John E. Baatz ,&nbsp;Myla Ebeling ,&nbsp;Danforth A. Newton ,&nbsp;Judith R. Shary ,&nbsp;Mathew Gregoski ,&nbsp;Mark T. Wagner ,&nbsp;David Zava ,&nbsp;Carole Baggerly ,&nbsp;Sonya Ketchens ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Korte ,&nbsp;Bruce W. Hollis","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluate the association between vitamin D (vitD) status and Corona Virus-19 (COVID-19) infection in adults aged 50 years and older.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Design&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Adults ≥50 undergoing COVID-19 testing from July 2020 to December 2021, without prior vaccination, consented to blood analysis. SARS-CoV-2 PCR confirmed current COVID-19 infection. VitD status was assessed via 25(OH)D concentration (LCMS/MS, ZRT Labs, Portland, OR). Sociodemographic data were collected at enrollment. Statistical analyses (SAS 9.4) examined associations between sociodemographics, COVID-19, and vitD status. Multivariate logistic regression analyzed factors linked to COVID-19 or vitD status.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Of 131 participants, 46.6% were ≥65 years old, 71.0% married, 19.9% Black American, 36.6% male, 38.9% Medicaid/Medicare/self-pay, and 42.8% BMI≥30. VitD status and Black American (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.0001) significantly associated with COVID-19 infection (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.0001). Black American (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.0003), males (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.003), and BMI (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.007) were inversely associated with 25(OH)D concentration. In a multiple logistic regression model predicting COVID-19 infection, only vitamin D status remained significant after controlling for certain sociodemographic and clinical factors (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;0.0001, OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.89–0.95).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Of the 44 COVID-positive participants, 35 (79.6%) were hospitalized and 19 (43.2%) were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Hospitalization due to COVID-19 was associated with age ≥65 years old (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.02; OR 12.0, 95% CI 1.34–106.79), male (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.02, OR 10.7, 95% CI 1.20–94.73), and 25(OH)D &lt;40 ng/mL (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.0006, OR 42.5, 95% CI 3.90–461.01). In multivariate analysis, the association between vitamin D status and the risk of COVID-related hospitalization remained significant and inversely associated (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.03, OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–0.99).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In unadjusted analysis, COVID pneumonia was associated with male sex (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.049; OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.06–20.16) and 25(OH)D &lt;40 ng/mL (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.006, OR 18.8, 95% CI 1.9–184.10). Participants with COVID infection and 25(OH)D &lt;20 ng/mL were 2.1 times more likely to be admitted to ICU/death (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.03). In unadjusted analysis, ICU admission and/or death were linked to age ≥65 years (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.0002, OR 16.9, 95% CI 3.63–78.56), Medicaid/Medicare/self-pay insurance status (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.004, OR 0.1, 0.04–0.56), and 25(OH)D &lt;20 (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.03, OR 3.9, 1.09–13.66) and &lt;40 ng/mL (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.03); however, only age ≥65 remained significant in multivariate analysis (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.04, OR 6.7, CI 1.05–43.0).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Lower 25(OH)D concentration was a significant predictor and/or contributor to COVID-19 infection, suggesting the importance of maintaining adequate vitamin D status in reducing infection risk and mitigating severe outcomes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/di","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 48-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}