Clinical Nutrition Open Science最新文献

{"title":"Association between muscle quality index and depression in adults: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Yuanyuan He,&nbsp;Shenshen shi,&nbsp;Zhen liang,&nbsp;Juan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; Aims</h3><div>The muscle quality index (MQI) score is a new indicator of muscle quality and is closely related to physical health. This study aimed to investigate the association between the MQI score and depression in young and middle-aged people.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Complete MQI and depression data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2011-2014 for 5199 subjects aged 20–60 years. An assessment of depression was conducted using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and handgrip strength (HGS) were measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and a dynamometer, respectively. MQItotal, MQIapp and MQIarm were calculated by HGS sum/ASM (kg/kg), dominant HGS/ASM (kg/kg), and dominant HGS/dominant arm ASM (kg/kg), respectively. Multivariate regression analyses, subgroup analyses, trend tests, interaction tests, smooth curve fitting, and threshold effect and saturation effect analyses were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of the included population was 38.76 ± 11.57 years, of which 48.5 1% were female. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that the MQI score was negatively correlated with depression. Subgroup analyses revealed that this association was present in females but not in males. After all included confounders were adjusted, the risk of depression in women decreased by 32 %, 35 %, and 6 %, as MQItotal (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.54–0.84), MQIapp (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.47–0.91) and MQIarm (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90–0.99) increased per unit, respectively. Women in MQItotal, MQIapp, and MQIarm quartile 4 had a significantly lower incidence of depression than did those in quartile 1. In addition, smoothing curve fitting revealed that MQItotal, MQIapp, and MQIarm were not linearly correlated with the risk of depression in women but rather had a J-shaped relationship, with inflection points of 2.24, 1.01 and 8.35, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>According to the results of this study, MQI scores negatively correlate with depression in women, but not in men, demonstrating a J-shaped relationship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 73-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on factors influencing thirst perception during oral nutritional supplement intake in cancer patients","authors":"Ghias Kulsoom,&nbsp;Gupta Ananya","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer patients undergoing treatment frequently experience malnutrition due to disease-related factors and side effects of therapies like chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Oral Nutritional Supplements (ONS) play a pivotal role in maintaining nutritional status and improving treatment outcomes. However, adherence to ONS is often poor, influenced by sensory properties such as taste, viscosity, saltiness, and protein content. Thirst perception, an underexplored factor, may also impact ONS adherence, particularly in patients managing xerostomia, dysgeusia, and other treatment-related changes in oral sensations. This cross-sectional sensory evaluation study included 56 cancer patients, of whom 29 participated in detailed sensory testing. The study systematically evaluated the effects of varying salt levels, protein concentrations, and viscosity in ONS formulations on thirst perception, mouth dryness, and sensory acceptability in cancer patients. Modified ONS formulations, including low, medium, and high levels of salt, protein, and viscosity, were compared to a control. Participants completed sensory evaluations using visual analogue scales (VAS) and hedonic scales to rate thirst, mouthfeel, taste, and overall liking. Subgroup analyses examined the influence of patient-specific factors, such as dysgeusia and hydration habits, on these responses. Results indicated that high-salt (1g) and high-protein (5.5 g protein/30ml) formulations were associated with higher thirst perception (VAS scores ≥45 mm) compared to low-salt (0.33g) and low-protein (4.7g protein/30ml) formulations (VAS scores ≤27 mm). Low-viscosity (50 cP) formulations were preferred for their smoother texture, while high-viscosity (250 cP) samples elicited greater thirst due to mouth-coating effects. Dysgeusia amplified thirst and reduced liking scores for high-salt and high-protein ONS. These findings highlight the need for patient-centred ONS formulations that minimize thirst stimulation while enhancing palatability. Optimizing ONS properties may improve adherence and nutritional outcomes for cancer patients, although further studies are needed to confirm any direct impact on quality of life or treatment outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 84-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical utility of mid-arm muscle circumference cut-offs for detecting protein-energy wasting in Malaysian hemodialysis patients","authors":"Qian-Qian Hoong ,&nbsp;Jun-Hao Lim ,&nbsp;Lee-Fang Teong ,&nbsp;Nurul Iman Hafizah Adanan ,&nbsp;Ban-Hock Khor ,&nbsp;Sharmela Sahathevan ,&nbsp;Pramod Khosla ,&nbsp;Tilakavati Karupaiah ,&nbsp;Zulfitri Azuan Mat Daud","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Protein energy wasting (PEW) is a severe form of malnutrition prevalent among hemodialysis (HD) patients. A key diagnostic criterion outlined by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) for PEW is a reduction in mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) below the 50th percentile (P₅₀) of the reference population by more than 10%. However, the absence of population-specific MAMC cut-offs makes diagnosing PEW challenging. This study aimed to establish, validate and evaluate MAMC cut-offs for diagnosing PEW in Malaysian HD patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A three-phase cross-sectional study was conducted with training, validation and testing phases using a five-fold cross-validation approach against Frisancho reference. A total of 953 Malaysian HD patients were included in the analysis. Secondary data from previous Malaysian HD studies were utilized for both the training and validation phases, accounting for about 85% of the dataset. The remaining 15% of the dataset, used for the testing phase, comprised newly collected data. Data collection involved face-to-face interviews, anthropometric measurements, biochemical results, clinical data, and dietary assessments. PEW was diagnosed using the ISRNM criteria. Descriptive analysis was used to establish Malaysians HD MAMC cut-offs at P₅₀ for PEW diagnosis, as per ISRNM criteria. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics curve assessed and compared the validity of these new cut-offs against the Frisancho reference.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The P₅₀ MAMC for Malaysian HD males was markedly lower than the Frisancho reference (24.29 cm <em>vs</em> 28.08 cm), whereas for females, it was slightly higher (23.14 cm <em>vs</em> 22.17 cm). The newly established Malaysian HD-specific MAMC cut-offs demonstrated excellent discrimination ability, outperforming Frisancho cut-offs for both validation (AUC_Malaysian = 0.904 <em>vs</em> AUC_Frisancho = 0.812) and evaluation (AUC_Malaysia = 0.871 <em>vs</em> AUC_Frisancho = 0.749).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These MAMC cut-offs serve as the first Malaysian HD-specific references, enhancing PEW diagnosis for clinical practice and future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 55-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat-inactivated Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 improves bowel function and gut microbiota – A systematic literature review","authors":"Anna Chu ,&nbsp;Samir Samman ,&nbsp;Nicole C. Roy ,&nbsp;Meika Foster","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>The health benefits of probiotics have long been studied. More recently, postbiotics are recognised as suitable alternatives for delivering associated health benefits. The aim of this systematic literature review is to assess the effects of heat-inactivated <em>Lactobacillus gasseri</em> CP2305 on bowel function and gut microbiota composition in humans.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature search was conducted of peer-reviewed papers published up to 20 August 2024. Intervention trials that investigated the effects of heat-inactivated CP2305 on gut-related parameters were selected for inclusion and data extraction. Quality and risk of bias assessments of individual studies were conducted using two established tools.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven trials met the inclusion criteria. CP2305 intervention resulted in improved stool properties (output, form, color, odor) in the four studies reporting these outcomes. CP2305 effects on defecation frequency were mixed; however, defecation frequency was improved in populations with constipation tendencies. CP2305 was associated with some positive changes in gut microbiota composition and associated metabolites in studies which included these outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The current systematic review illustrates that heat-inactivated CP2305 can improve bowel function and gut microbiota diversity and composition in generally healthy adults, supporting its use in food and beverage applications for maintenance of a healthy gut.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 25-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omega-3 fatty acids in addition to standard of care in the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19 (The OMEGA-COVID study), a randomized controlled multicenter trial","authors":"Ahmed Abd Elaziz Bahey Abd Elbari ,&nbsp;Sandro B. Rizoli ,&nbsp;Ruben Peralta ,&nbsp;Talat Chughtai ,&nbsp;Ayman El-Menyar ,&nbsp;Hassan Ali Saoud Al Thani ,&nbsp;Saibu George ,&nbsp;Nadir Kharma ,&nbsp;Mohammed Omar Saad ,&nbsp;Hasan Mitwally ,&nbsp;Mohamed Elkhateeb ,&nbsp;Mostafa Elshafi ,&nbsp;Ignacio Miguel Gomez Macineira ,&nbsp;Anyali Bacallao ,&nbsp;Ammar Ibrahim Abed Al-Hassani ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Yassin Taha ,&nbsp;Judith Jacobi ,&nbsp;Airton Leonardo de Oliveira Manoel","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The efficacy and safety of omega-3 fatty acid in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome remains controversial. We assessed if the addition of omega-3 fatty acid to standard of care would improve clinical outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV-2.</div><div>Methods: double blinded randomized clinical trial of adults with PCR-confirmed severe or critical COVID-19. Patients were enrolled through block stratified randomization to omega-3 fatty acid 2g enterally twice daily for 28 days in addition to standard of care vs. standard of care alone. The primary outcome was ventilator-free days at day 28. Secondary outcomes included length of ICU and hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>380 patients (211 in the intervention group and 169 patients in the standard of care group). Ventilator-free days were similar between the intervention and standard of care groups [mean 12.4 days (9.3–15.5) vs 11.1 (7.2–15.0), <em>P</em> = 0.48), respectively]. There was no difference in the length of ICU (7 days for both groups) or hospital stay (Omega-3 = 16 days vs control = 15 days). Patients who received Omega-3 fatty acid had a trend toward lower mortality (4.3% vs 7.7%, <em>P</em> = 0.15). In pre-specified exploratory subgroup of mechanically ventilated patients (89 patients), Omega-3 group was associated with a significantly lower mortality (15.1% vs 33.3%, <em>P</em> = 0.04), however, the trial was not powered to detect mortality differences in this subgroup.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In patients with severe or critical COVID-19, the addition of Omega-3 fatty acids to standard of care did not increase ventilator-free days. An exploratory analysis suggested a possible mortality benefit in patients requiring mechanical ventilation, but the study was not powered for this endpoint, and these findings require confirmation in future trials.</div></div><div><h3>Trial Registration</h3><div>ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04836052.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 13-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of tea in digestive tract malignancies: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Chen Fei Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is no clear consensus on the association between tea intake and cancer, particularly its protective causal relationship with gastrointestinal tumors. This study aims to investigate this causal association using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to inform dietary interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This two-sample MR study utilized summary statistics on tea consumption from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted by the UK Biobank (UKB) and Biobank Japan (BBJ). Data on gastrointestinal tumors were sourced from GWAS by the FinnGen consortium and BBJ. The causal relationship was assessed using methods such as inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO. Horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity of instrumental variables (IVs) were evaluated using MR-PRESSO and Cochran's Q tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>IVW estimates indicated that in the Asian population, tea intake was negatively associated with colorectal cancer risk (OR=0.372, 95%CI: 0.157–0.881). In the European population, higher green tea consumption was linked to a lower risk of malignant neoplasm of the small intestine (OR=0.940, 95%CI: 0.901–0.982).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Tea intake may have a causal association with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer, offering new insights for its prevention. Further studies are needed to explore the specific protective mechanisms of tea consumption on gastrointestinal tumors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 39-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving aging-related frailty status among older adults: Results of a nutrition-focused program","authors":"Carlos Cano-Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Luis Carlos Venegas-Sanabria ,&nbsp;Gabriel Gomez ,&nbsp;Estephania Chacón-Valenzuela ,&nbsp;María Fernanda Dueñas ,&nbsp;Daniela Gracia ,&nbsp;Juan Diego Misas ,&nbsp;Elkin Garcia-Cifuentes ,&nbsp;Suela Sulo ,&nbsp;Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Healthcare professionals today aim to boost the years older people live in good health by reducing the impact of aging-related frailty. Toward healthier aging, our current analysis quantified frailty changes that occurred when poorly nourished, community-living, older adults received interventional nutrition care.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We recruited outpatient study participants ≥ 60 years and malnourished or at-risk on screening (Mini Nutrition Assessment-Short Form, MNA-SF). For quasi-experimental analysis, we selected those who were prefrail or frail by Fried phenotype criteria (n=524). Each followed a comprehensive nutrition-focused Quality Improvement Program (QIP)—counseling on nutrition and physical activity, daily consumption of oral nutritional supplements for 60 days (Ensure with Hydroxymethylbutyrate® and Glucerna®, Abbott, USA), with follow-up through day 90. We quantified outcomes as changes from baseline to post-intervention for (i) overall frailty status (frail, prefrail, normal) or (ii) number of positive Fried frailty criteria of five (weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, slow gait speed, and muscular weakness) using change categories &lt;em&gt;Worse, Same, or Better&lt;/em&gt;. We also measured baseline and post-intervention status of nutritional state (MNA-SF), mental state/cognitive status (Mini-Mental State Exam, MMSE), depression/psychological health (Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS), and disability (Barthel Index, BI). We applied logistic regression analyses to identify factors that predicted post-intervention improvement in frailty status.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;At baseline, the mean age of participants was 74.2 (±8.7) years, 71% (n=372/524) of participants were prefrail, and 29% (n=152/524) were frail; 16.2% (n=85/524) were malnourished, and 83.8% (n=439/524) were at risk. By study day 90, 34.4% (180/524) of participants had a &lt;em&gt;better&lt;/em&gt; frailty status, while 55% (n=288/524) met fewer frailty criteria. &lt;em&gt;Better&lt;/em&gt; frailty status was also associated with significantly higher MNA-SF score (12.3 vs 9.1, P &lt; 0.001), improved mental state/cognitive status as higher MMSE score (28.1 vs 27.7, P &lt; 0.05), decreased depression/improved psychological health as lower GDS score (3.3 vs 4.5, P &lt; 0.001), and greater independence as higher BI score (96.9 vs 96.1, P &lt; 0.05). Logistic regression analyses showed that MNA-SF score improvement was predictive of frailty improvement in response to the nutrition-focused QIP intervention. Specifically, individuals who experienced improvement from prefrail or frail to normal were nearly 8-times more likely than others to have a parallel increase in MNA-SF score (Odds ratio of 7.83, 95% CI 4.3–15.2, P &lt; 0.01).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Healthy aging can be supported by addressing poor nutritional status, a frailty risk contributor. We found that community-living older adults achieved a &lt;em&gt;better&lt;/em&gt; frai","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet habits and body composition in people with cystic fibrosis under elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor treatment - A longitudinal, observational study","authors":"Rebecca Røsok Reitan ,&nbsp;Bernt Bøgvald Aarli ,&nbsp;Magnhild L.P. Kolsgaard ,&nbsp;Egil Bakkeheim ,&nbsp;Hanne Rosendahl-Riise","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Malnutrition is a significant concern in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Historically, nutritional goals have focused on increasing energy intake and body weight, with less attention to energy sources. This study evaluates diet habits and body composition in pwCF under elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a longitudinal, observational study in adult pwCF using ETI medications in Western Norway. The nutritional status in 27 pwCF using ETI treatment was assessed using dietary assessments and measurements of anthropometrics, body composition and handgrip strength.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Post-ETI treatment, mean body mass index increased by 1.2 kg/m², with more pwCF classified as overweight than underweight. Few pwCF had fat-free mass index, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, or handgrip strength below sarcopenia thresholds, and mean values aligned with general healthy population references. Dietary intake of saturated fat exceeded the daily recommended intake.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although weight and BMI improved following ETI treatment, proactive measures are imperative to address the current trends of weight gain, elevated FM%, and dietary patterns inconsistent with recommendations. Close monitoring and interventions to prevent excessive weight gain and to improve diet quality may become essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 277-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of physical activity and nutrition interventions on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review with meta-analysis","authors":"Ruth Martin ,&nbsp;Aine Cronin ,&nbsp;Alexandra Cremona","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This review investigates the effectiveness of physical activity and nutrition interventions on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review was conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases (PsycInfo, Medline, CINAHL complete, Embase, Cochrane Library) and trial registries were searched from 2008. Inclusion criteria included adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years with a diagnosis of T1D, interventional studies involving physical activity and/or nutrition intervention, and HbA1c included as an outcome measure. Information about the studies, participants and outcome measures were extracted from the included studies. The risk-of-bias was performed using Cochrane risk-of-bias 2 tool (ROB-2) and risk-of-bias non-randomized intervention studies (ROBINS-I) tool. The certainty of evidence was assessed using ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation’ (GRADE) guidance. A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions on HbA1c.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The twelve eligible randomised controlled trials included 680 participants in total (of which 658 were diagnosed with T1D). HbA1c for adolescents with T1D at baseline was between 6.9-11%. There was no statistically significant evidence of effect noted for physical activity interventions (6 studies, 362 participants, mean difference -0.40, 95% confidence interval -0.88, 0.08; P = 0.11) or nutrition interventions (5 studies, 224 participants, mean difference -0.05, 95% confidence interval -0.31, 0.21; P = 0.71). Moderate heterogeneity was reported for physical activity (Chi² 10.48, P = 0.06), I²=52%) and nutrition interventions (Chi² 15.59, P = 0.004, I²=74%). There was a high risk of bias for two studies and ‘some concerns’ for six studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While no statistically significant pooled effects on HbA1c were observed for physical activity or nutrition interventions, most confidence intervals trended toward lower HbA1c, suggesting potential for clinically meaningful benefit. Combined interventions showed signals of HbA1c reduction in small studies, but evidence remains limited and heterogeneous. Overall certainty was low, highlighting the need for robust trials of structured, combined interventions in adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 238-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of nutrition support teams and the role of artificial intelligence in clinical outcomes for mechanically ventilated ICU patients: A comprehensive review","authors":"Yasamin Mohammadi","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review examines the critical role of nutrition support teams (NSTs) in managing nutrition for mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Nutritional support is essential for improving clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, with enteral nutrition (EN) being the preferred method. Early enteral nutrition (EEN) has demonstrated significant benefits, reducing complications such as infections, multi-organ failure, and prolonged mechanical ventilation. The review emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, with NSTs playing a vital role in ensuring early and adequate nutritional support, which improves recovery outcomes. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in ICU nutrition management is explored, focusing on how these technologies can enhance decision-making and optimize nutrition strategies. AI's potential to predict feeding regimens and improve the precision of care is discussed, illustrating how NSTs can leverage these advancements to tailor nutrition interventions. The review also addresses the challenges associated with implementing AI in ICU settings, including barriers to integration and the need for infrastructure improvements. By evaluating both the impact of NSTs and the potential of AI, this review highlights the multifaceted approaches that can significantly improve clinical outcomes for mechanically ventilated ICU patients through effective nutrition support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 288-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}