{"title":"L’INÉGALITÉ EST-ELLE INJUSTE ? LES RICHES, LES PAUVRES, L’INCITATION AU TRAVAIL ET L’ENVIE","authors":"Judith Notter","doi":"10.7202/1077532AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1077532AR","url":null,"abstract":"Il existe un important argument en faveur des inegalites de richesse, a savoir « l’argument de l’incitation au travail ». Selon cet argument, les inegalites sont justes car elles motivent les riches a travailler davantage, ce qui augmente la richesse collective et ameliore le sort des plus demunis – par l’investissement, l’epargne et la redistribution. Cet argument est problematique car il existe un argument parfaitement similaire qui peut etre utilise pour critiquer les inegalites. Il s’agit de « l’argument de l’envie ». Selon cet argument, les inegalites sont injustes car elles motivent les plus demunis a nuire aux interets des plus riches, ce qui deteriore la situation economique collective. La similitude des deux arguments a pour consequence que, si les partisans des inegalites veulent utiliser l’argument de l’incitation au travail en faveur de leur position, ils sont contraints d’admettre simultanement l’argument de l’envie a l’encontre de leur position. Pour sortir de cette situation difficile, les anti-egalitaristes avancent plusieurs arguments pour montrer que l’envie des pauvres et le besoin d’incitation au travail des riches doivent etre traites differemment. Dans cet article, nous soutenons, contre les anti-egalitaristes, qu’il n’existe aucune raison de traiter differemment l’envie et le besoin d’incitation au travail.","PeriodicalId":354270,"journal":{"name":"Les ateliers de l'éthique","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133499941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE ILLUSORY DISTINCTION BETWEEN RE- AND PREDISTRIBUTION","authors":"Åsbjørn Melkevik","doi":"10.7202/1083644ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1083644ar","url":null,"abstract":"The distinction between redistribution and predistribution is now embraced by many political philosophers, like Jacob Hacker or Martin O’Neill. This distinction, we could think, is particularly important for the question of how we react to crises, like the current coronavirus pandemic. If the policies take the form of taxes and transfers, like cash-flow assistance, it is redistribution, one could argue. If the policies are meant to alter pretax incomes, as policies changing the conditions for bankruptcy are, it is predistribution. This paper shows why that is not so. Re-and predistribution are only techniques of presentation. They are meant to","PeriodicalId":354270,"journal":{"name":"Les ateliers de l'éthique","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133505955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"QUEL(S) FONDEMENT(S) POUR LA NEUTRALITÉ RELIGIEUSE DE L’ÉTAT AU CANADA ? UNE ANALYSE CRITIQUE DE L’ARRÊT BIG M DRUG MART","authors":"S. Lacroix","doi":"10.7202/1069947ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1069947ar","url":null,"abstract":"In post-Charter Canadian jurisprudence the religious neutrality of the state is, to this day, determined by the principles elaborated by the Supreme Court of Canada in the 1985 Big M Drug Mart decision. In this article, I will analyse the foundation of religious neutrality as they appear in said decision. Inmy opinion, this case presents an important conceptual confusionwhich still infects today’s jurisprudence. Indeed, in Big M Drug Mart, the state’s religious neutrality is said to stem solely from freedom of conscience and religion. As we shall see, this is certainly a necessary foundation to religious neutrality, but it is not sufficient grounds. The notion of equality must be added as a second concept to obtain a necessary and sufficient normative set. Furthermore,we shall see that the Supreme Court seems to agree with this assertion, but had to insert the notion of equality within the concept of liberty for contingent historical reasons.","PeriodicalId":354270,"journal":{"name":"Les ateliers de l'éthique","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126904281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NATION-BUILDING CONFESSIONS: CARCERAL MEMORY IN POSTGENOCIDE RWANDA","authors":"Gretchen Baldwin","doi":"10.7202/1071136ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1071136ar","url":null,"abstract":"The postconflict Rwandan state has crafted a “we are all Rwandans” national identity narrative without ethnicity, in the interest of maintaining a delicate, postgenocide peace. The annual genocide commemoration period called Kwibuka—“to remember”—which takes place over the course of one hundred days every year, is an underresearched part of this narrative. During the commemoration period, genocidaires’ confessions increase dramatically; these confessions lead the government to previously undiscovered graves all over the country, just as confessions given during the grassroots justice system—gacaca—did in the more immediate aftermath of the genocide. According to a prominent government official known for his prison outreach, the Rwandan government no longer provides incentives for prisoners to confess. Instead, he stated in a 2017 interview, those who speak up over twenty years later are simply “moved by the spirit of Kwibuka.” When confessions are made, memories of past action (“bad behaviour”) are used by the state, seemingly toward an ultimate end of reinforcing the national master narrative, to subsume the individual memories of innocent survivors into the national collective memory. This paper explores the questions around the state’s evolving use of prisoner confessions, both how those confessions are obtained, and how they factor into commemoration practices now.","PeriodicalId":354270,"journal":{"name":"Les ateliers de l'éthique","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127225080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marc‐Kevin Daoust, Stéphane Lemaire, Christine Tappolet, Patrick Turmel
{"title":"LA MÉTAÉTHIQUE ET SES IMPLICATIONS NORMATIVES. EN HOMMAGE À RUWEN OGIEN. (CIRCA 1949-2017)","authors":"Marc‐Kevin Daoust, Stéphane Lemaire, Christine Tappolet, Patrick Turmel","doi":"10.7202/1069948ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1069948ar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":354270,"journal":{"name":"Les ateliers de l'éthique","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130844413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LES BONNES HUMEURS, LE BONHEUR ET LE BIEN-ÊTRE","authors":"Samuel Lépine","doi":"10.7202/1097018ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1097018ar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":354270,"journal":{"name":"Les ateliers de l'éthique","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133336070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LA MÉMOIRE HISTORIQUE EN ESPAGNE, OU LE DROIT SAISI PAR LA POLITIQUE","authors":"Arnaud Martin","doi":"10.7202/1071135ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1071135ar","url":null,"abstract":"Le 29 aout 2018, le president du gouvernement espagnol Pedro Sanchez annonca la creation d’une commission de la verite sur les crimes commis durant la guerre civile et la dictature franquiste. Ainsi devait prendre officiellement fin la politique d’impunite et d’amnesie politique imposee au peuple espagnol au lendemain de la mort du general Franco par la loi du 15 octobre 1977, confirmee trente ans plus tard par la loi du 26 decembre 2007, comme contrepartie des mesures d’amnistie prises en faveur des condamnes politiques et comme prix a payer pour assurer la reussite du processus consensuel de transition democratique. La memoire historique qui avait ete refusee aux Espagnols allait pouvoir devenir realite. La commission s’inscrit de facon originale dans la logique de la justice transitionnelle. En effet, l’elaboration de la verite historique annoncee par Pedro Sanchez a pour but, non pas d’assurer la transition democratique et la pacification d’une societe postconflictuelle, mais de prevenir la « deconsolidation » democratique a laquelle pourraient conduire la non-reconnaissance des torts subis par les victimes du franquisme et l’impossibilite de l’Espagne – notamment de la droite – a tourner la page du franquisme.","PeriodicalId":354270,"journal":{"name":"Les ateliers de l'éthique","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121135970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LE CONSTRUCTIVISME HUMIEN ET LES RAISONS DES AUTRES","authors":"F. Beaudoin","doi":"10.7202/1069952ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1069952ar","url":null,"abstract":"Selim Berker soutient que le constructivisme humien implique que nos jugements a propos de nos propres raisons (morales) sont fiables, mais que nos jugements a propos des raisons des autres ne le sont pas. C’est ce que l’on peut appeler le probleme de l’asymetrie. Une maniere pour les constructivistes de resoudre ce probleme consisterait a soutenir que des facteurs evolutionnaires expliquent que nous partageons certaines raisons. Des lors, si nos jugements a propos de nos propres raisons sont fiables, nos jugements a propos des raisons des autres le sont egalement puisque nous avons (presque) tous les memes raisons. Dans cet article, je soutiens que les arguments de Berker a l’encontre de cette solution ne sont pas decisifs, mais qu’il y a neanmoins de serieux obstacles a sa mise en oeuvre considerant ce que nous enseignent les sciences biologiques. Je propose une version amelioree de la solution que les constructivistes pourraient developper.","PeriodicalId":354270,"journal":{"name":"Les ateliers de l'éthique","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116473371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}