Knowing Our LimitsPub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0003
N. Ballantyne
{"title":"How Do Epistemic Principles Guide?","authors":"N. Ballantyne","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Regulative epistemology aims to guide inquiry. But how can abstract epistemological ideals guide people, given that people often don’t live up to their ideals? This chapter explores that question using dual systems psychology, explaining how people can be guided by principles even when they are not consciously reflecting on those principles.","PeriodicalId":345622,"journal":{"name":"Knowing Our Limits","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122217382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowing Our LimitsPub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0011
N. Ballantyne
{"title":"The End of Inquiry","authors":"N. Ballantyne","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"The method in this book may tell us we can’t gain reasonable beliefs or knowledge about the correct answers to controversial questions. But if that is what the method instructs us to do, does it undermine our motivation to inquire into controversial questions? This chapter considers the possibility that the method “demotivates” our investigation of difficult, controversial questions.","PeriodicalId":345622,"journal":{"name":"Knowing Our Limits","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131538277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowing Our LimitsPub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0001
N. Ballantyne
{"title":"Epistemology and Inquiry","authors":"N. Ballantyne","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Epistemology involves reflection on human inquiry, but to what end? This chapter describes a multidisciplinary approach to epistemological questions: regulative epistemology. This type of theorizing aims to generate guidance for inquiry and it calls for the blending of descriptive, normative, and practical perspectives.","PeriodicalId":345622,"journal":{"name":"Knowing Our Limits","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133036590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowing Our LimitsPub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0009
N. Ballantyne
{"title":"Novices and Expert Disagreement","authors":"N. Ballantyne","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Novices must trust experts, but novices face uncertainty when the experts do not agree. To defer reasonably to one expert over another, we need to identify an epistemological asymmetry between them, but this chapter argues we are often not well-poised to distinguish between rival experts.","PeriodicalId":345622,"journal":{"name":"Knowing Our Limits","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133343288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowing Our LimitsPub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0005
N. Ballantyne
{"title":"Disagreement and Debunking","authors":"N. Ballantyne","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"When we learn that other people reject our views, we may gain reasons to change our minds. One common response to our opponents is to attribute biases to them. But “debunking” our opponents sometimes looks dubious because we tend to believe our own judgments are less prone to bias than other people’s judgments, even when that is probably not correct. This chapter defends the idea that we should be less inclined to treat others as more biased than we are ourselves. As a result, we must face the fact that their disagreement cannot be so easily dismissed.","PeriodicalId":345622,"journal":{"name":"Knowing Our Limits","volume":"28 25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132675229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowing Our LimitsPub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0004
N. Ballantyne
{"title":"How to Know Our Limits","authors":"N. Ballantyne","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Chapters 5 through 9 of this book defend a method to think about our opinions concerning controversial questions. The method offers us insights into the epistemic status of our controversial opinions. This chapter introduces key concepts and terminology: belief and controversial belief; unreasonableness and defeaters; positive epistemic status; competence defeaters; and the “doxastically open” mindset people may adopt if they are guided by the method’s principles.","PeriodicalId":345622,"journal":{"name":"Knowing Our Limits","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129249332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowing Our LimitsPub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0002
N. Ballantyne
{"title":"Regulative Epistemology in the Seventeenth Century","authors":"N. Ballantyne","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Regulative epistemology was the predominant approach to epistemological questions during the seventeenth century in Europe. This chapter explores some episodes from the period, focusing on important figures on the continent and in England.","PeriodicalId":345622,"journal":{"name":"Knowing Our Limits","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124135053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowing Our LimitsPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0010
N. Ballantyne
{"title":"Self-Defeat?","authors":"N. Ballantyne","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"If we are guided by the method described in this book, should we doubt the method, given that its correctness is controversial? This chapter examines the possibility that the method is self-defeating.","PeriodicalId":345622,"journal":{"name":"Knowing Our Limits","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130560008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowing Our LimitsPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0006
N. Ballantyne
{"title":"Counterfactual Interlocutors","authors":"N. Ballantyne","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"If the intellectual world were different, we would very likely face powerful objections we haven’t actually encountered. Realizing that “counterfactual interlocutors” could devise objections to our strongest arguments can help us keep our confidence in check. This chapter defends the idea that counterfactual interlocutors may challenge our controversial opinions.","PeriodicalId":345622,"journal":{"name":"Knowing Our Limits","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128258455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowing Our LimitsPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0007
N. Ballantyne
{"title":"Unpossessed Evidence","authors":"N. Ballantyne","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847289.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"For most controversial topics, there is far more evidence than we could ourselves possess. This chapter argues that when we learn of unpossessed evidence, we may gain two types of reasons indicating we have made an error. First, evidence of unpossessed evidence against our views can be evidence itself and, second, evidence of unpossessed evidence may prompt doubts that we have formed our controversial views on the basis of a fair or representative sample of the total evidence.","PeriodicalId":345622,"journal":{"name":"Knowing Our Limits","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122614121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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