{"title":"ऋतुविचार काव्यमा प्रस्तुत अद्वैत चिन्तन {Vedantic Philosophy in Hrituvichar}","authors":"बोधराज Bodha Raj ढकाल Dhakal","doi":"10.3126/kdk.v4i1.64572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kdk.v4i1.64572","url":null,"abstract":"यस अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखमा प्रकृतिपरक काव्य ‘ऋतुविचार’मा प्रस्तुत अद्वैत चिन्तनको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । शङ्कराचार्यद्वारा प्रतिपादित अद्वैत वेदान्त दर्शनका मूल्यमान्यताहरू प्रकृतिपरक भाव अँगालेको ऋतुविचारका कतिपय सन्दर्भमा प्रस्तुत भएका छन् । काव्यमा अद्वैत चिन्तन कसरी प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ? भन्ने समस्यालाइ साङ्गपाङ्ग रूपमा निरूपण गरी पुष्टि गर्नु यस लेखको उद्देश्य रहेकोछ । शङ्कराचार्यले अद्वैत वेदान्त दर्शनमा प्रस्तुत गरेको ब्रह्म सत्य हो; योभन्दा भिन्न केही छैन र ब्रह्मज्ञान विना मोक्ष प्राप्त गर्न सकिँदैन भन्ने चिन्तनलाई यस खण्डकाव्यमा प्रस्तुत गरेको निष्कष् दिइएको छ । काव्यमा जीवभावका कारण जीवले व्यावहारिक सत्ता जगत्लाई सत्य मान्दा जीवका व्यवहारहरू प्रभावित हुने देखाइएको छ । मायाका कारण भ्रमित भई क्षणिक आनन्दको पछि लाग्दा सांसारिक विषयमोहमा परेर जीव बन्धनमा पर्ने काव्यमा उल्लेख छ । योग र वेद वाक्यबाट प्राप्त भएको तŒवज्ञानबाटै ब्रह्मसाक्षात्कार हुनेर जीवले मोक्ष प्राप्त गर्ने सन्दर्भ काव्यमा रहेको यस लेखमा निष्कर्ष दिइएको छ । पुस्तकालयीय कार्यका आधारमा प्राथमिक र द्वितीय स्रोतका सामग्री सङ्कलन गरी उद्देश्यमूलक नमुना छनौट पद्धतिलाई अवलम्बन गरेर ‘ऋतुविचार’ काव्यलाई चयन गरिएको छ । अद्वैत वेदान्त चिन्तनका मूलभूत मान्यताहरूलाई विश्लेषणको आधार मान्दै काव्यांशहरूको दृष्टान्तमार्फत निगमनात्मक एवम् व्याख्या विधिका माध्यमबाट काव्यमा प्रस्तुत अद्वैत चिन्तनको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यो अनुसन्धानात्मक लेख मूलतः एपिए पद्धतिमा आधारित छ । जीवभावका कारण जीवमा परेको प्रभाव र ब्रह्मज्ञानपछि प्राप्त हुने मोक्ष चिन्तनजस्ता अद्वैत वेदान्त दर्शनसँग सम्बन्धित चिन्तनहरू यस काव्यमा प्रस्तुत भएको यस लेखमा स्पष्ट पारिएको छ ।","PeriodicalId":332111,"journal":{"name":"Kaumodaki: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":"20 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140721671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human and Nature Interactions in Kesar Lall’s Folk Tales from Nepal: An Eco-Critical Reading","authors":"Mahendra Kumar Budhathoki","doi":"10.3126/kdk.v4i1.64555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kdk.v4i1.64555","url":null,"abstract":"Folktales are traditional stories orally handed down to the succeeding generations. They portray the co-existence and collaborations of humans, non-human characters and environments. This study explores the relations and interactions of humans, non-humans and nature in Kesar Lall’s Folk Tales from Nepal: The Origins of Alcohol and other Stories from ecocritical perspective. It has used ecocriticism as a theoretical tool. It is a library and qualitative research. The main finding of this study portrays the association and interactions among humans, non-humans and nature. The attitude of humans exploits the biological and physical environment for the sake of humans. Humans have hostile relations with non-humans like ogre in the natural world. The folktales demonstrate metamorphosis nature of gods and nagas. They portray the death of human beings as the natural process. They have abundant evidences of environments, and they transfer the value of ecological wisdom more to the readers. This study increases the environmental literacy of youths and expands the Nepali folktales to English speaking communities.","PeriodicalId":332111,"journal":{"name":"Kaumodaki: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":"31 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140721130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nepal’s Performance in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals: A Critical Evaluation","authors":"Ram Kumar Pant","doi":"10.3126/kdk.v4i1.64576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kdk.v4i1.64576","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the agenda of UN conference to be achieved by 2030. The main objective of the study is to assess the sustainable development goals achieved by Nepal in different points of time and its work progress made by Nepal. Based on the qualitative as well as descriptive method, this study explores the localization of sustainable development goals in the context of Nepal. It has found out 17 goals, out of which Nepal has made high performance in goals 5, 12 and 13 and doing satisfactory progress in other goals like 4, 6 and 1, respectively. However, the country is surpassing through the difficult situations in order to achieve the goals by the timeframe. Nepal has added more indicators to localize sustainable development goals in the context of the country. The post covid-19, natural disaster and nation’s internal political instability, political commitment and insufficient resources are considered hindrances in achieving the declared goals.","PeriodicalId":332111,"journal":{"name":"Kaumodaki: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":"210 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140723247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"स्याङ्जाली मुक्तकका समकालीन प्रवृत्ति {Contemporary Trends in the Syngjali Muktak}","authors":"गौतम Gautam रानाभाट Ranabhat","doi":"10.3126/kdk.v4i1.64571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kdk.v4i1.64571","url":null,"abstract":"प्रस्तुत आलेख स्याङ्जाली मुक्तककारका समकालीन मुक्तकका प्रवृत्तिको विश्लेषणसँग सम्बन्धित छ । कविताको लघुतम् आयाममा प्रकट हुने मुक्तक लेखनमा नेपाली कविताले नयाँ मोड लिएको २०३६ सालको सडककविता क्रान्तिपछि स्याङ्जाली मुक्तक लेखनमा के कस्ता प्रवृत्ति देखा परे भन्ने मूल समस्यामा आलेख केन्द्रित छ । नेपाली कविताका विभिन्न कालमध्ये आधुनिक कालको समसामयिक धाराको समय नै समकालीन स्याङ्जाली मुक्तकका प्रवृत्ति अध्ययनको आधार हो । आलेखमा यसै चरणका मुक्तकलाई प्राथमिक स्रोत सामग्री र स्याङ्जाली मुक्तकका समकालीन प्रवृत्तिबारे विश्लेषण गरिएका विविध सामग्रीलाई द्वितीय स्रोत सामग्रीका रूपमा उपयोग गरिएको छ । गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान ढाँचामा केन्द्रित रहेर तयार पारिएको आलेखमा सूक्ष्म पठन तथा विश्लेषण विधि प्रयोग गरी अनुसन्धानलाई अगाडि बढाइएको छ । अध्ययनबाट राजनीतिक अव्यवस्थाको चित्रण, जीवनवादी चेतना, प्रेम पक्षको अभिव्यक्ति, विकृति विसङ्गतिको चित्रण र सामाजिक यथार्थको चित्रण स्याङ्जाली मुक्तकका समकालीन प्रवृत्ति रहेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । यस चरणका स्याङ्जाली मुक्तकले समसामयिक यथार्थलाई अभिव्यक्त गरेकाले स्याङ्जाली मुक्तकको समकालीन प्रवृत्तिलाई यथार्थवादी मुक्तक लेखनको चरणका रूपमा स्थापित गर्ने निष्कर्ष नै आलेखको प्राप्ति हो ।","PeriodicalId":332111,"journal":{"name":"Kaumodaki: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140722480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"जयभुँडी सङ्ग्रहका निबन्धमा आख्यानात्मकता {The Narratives in Jayabhundi, an Essay Collection}","authors":"एकनारायण Ek Narayan पौड्याल Paudyal","doi":"10.3126/kdk.v4i1.64570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kdk.v4i1.64570","url":null,"abstract":"प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखमा नेपाली साहित्यमा हास्यव्यङ्ग्य निबन्धकारका रूपमा परिचित भैरव अर्याल (१९९३–२०३३) को जयभुँडी (२०२२) मा सङ्गृहीत निबन्धहरूको आख्यानात्मकताका आधारमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत सङ्ग्रहमा दसवटा निबन्ध रहेका भए पनि आख्यानका दृष्टिले आठवटा मात्र विश्लेषणीय देखिएकाले आठवटा निबन्धको मात्र विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । गुणात्मक प्रकृतिको यस अध्ययनमा जयभुँडी सङ्ग्रहलाई प्राथमिक स्रोतसामग्रीका रूपमा लिइएको छ भने आख्यानको मान्यतासँग सम्बन्धित सामग्रीलाई द्वितीयक स्रोतका रूपमा उपयोग गरिएको छ । विश्लेषणात्मक विधिमा आधारित यस अध्ययनमा आख्यानयुक्त अंश उद्धरण गरी निबन्धको व्याख्या गरिएको छ । निबन्धमा प्रयोग गरिने आख्यान कथा र उपन्यासको जस्तो आद्यन्त पूर्ण नहुनेर यसलाई निबन्ध लेखनको एक शैलीका रूपमा मात्र प्रयोग गरिने हुँदा प्रस्तुत आलेखमा पनि यस किसिमको आख्यानात्मक शैलीले निबन्धलाई रोचक र प्रभावकारी बनाउन कस्तो भूमिका खेलेको छ भनी अध्ययन गरिएको छ । अध्ययनका क्रममा अर्यालका केही निबन्धमा आंशिक र केहीमा पूर्ण रूपमा आख्यानको प्रयोग गरिएको पाइएकोर आख्यानको मात्रा जति भए पनि उनका आख्यानात्मक शैलीमा लेखिएका प्रस्तुत सङ्ग्रहका निबन्ध पात्र, परिवेश, कथानक आदि दृष्टिले मौलिक, स्तरीय र रोचक भएको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।","PeriodicalId":332111,"journal":{"name":"Kaumodaki: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140721064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘खेल’ कथाको समाजभाषिक विश्लेषण {Sociolinguistic Analysis of 'Khel'}","authors":"विष्णुप्रसाद Bishnuprasad शर्मा Sharma","doi":"10.3126/kdk.v4i1.64574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kdk.v4i1.64574","url":null,"abstract":"समकालीन कथाकार रामलाल जोशीद्वारा लिखित ‘खेल’ कथालाई बहुलवादी कोणबाट हेर्न सकिन्छ । यस सन्दर्भमा प्रस्तुत कथालाई यहाँ समाज भाषा वैज्ञानिक प्रतिमानका आधारमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । ‘खेल’ कथालाई समाज भाषा वैज्ञानिक कोणबाट निरूपण गर्न प्रस्तुत अध्ययनको उद्देश्य हो । यसका लागि गुणात्मक कृतिपरक अनुसन्धान ढाँचा, व्याख्यावादी दर्शन र समाजभाषिक सिद्धान्तलाई आधार बनाइएको छ । अध्ययनमा पुस्तकालयीय कार्यबाट प्राथमिक र द्वितीयक स्रोतका तथ्याङ्क सङ्कलन गरी तिनलाई समाज भाषा वैज्ञानिक सिद्धान्तका आधारमा निरूपण गरिएको छ । भाषिक समुदाय, बोलीको जातित्व, भाषा र समाजको सम्बन्ध, कोड मिश्रण, सांस्कृतिकता, भाषिका आदि तथ्याङ्क विश्लेषणका आधार हुन् । प्राप्त तथ्याङ्कका आधारमा कथामा सुदूर पश्चिमेली भाषिक समुदायको प्रतिबिम्बन पाइन्छ । सामाजिक संरचनाको प्रभाव भाषामा भेटिन्छ । भाषामा नातासम्बन्धी विविधता र भाषिक व्यवहारगत अनेकताको स्वरूप देखिन्छ । खुसीले उफ्रँदा, कराउँदा, रिसाउँदा, प्रश्न गर्दा, धिक्कार्दा, उपदेश दिँदा भाषामा सामाजिक प्रभाव भेटिन्छ । कथामा बाल, वयस्क, ग्रामीण, मौलिक, स्थानीय भाषाको विविधता भेट्न सकिन्छ । स्थानीय संस्कृति र त्यसको भाषिक प्रभावले कथा जीवन्त बन्न पुगेको छ । यिनै आधारमा नेपाली कथाको विकास यात्रामा प्रस्तुत कथाले विशिष्ट पहिचान कायम राख्न सफल देखिन्छ ।","PeriodicalId":332111,"journal":{"name":"Kaumodaki: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140722980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Euclid’s Algorithm and its Role in Solving Modular Multiplicative Inverse","authors":"Dev Raj Kandel","doi":"10.3126/kdk.v4i1.64567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kdk.v4i1.64567","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the prime motivation is to demonstrate how calculating modular multiplicative inverse can be simplified computationally with the help of Euclid’s algorithm, which is usually attributed to finding the Greatest Common Divisor.","PeriodicalId":332111,"journal":{"name":"Kaumodaki: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":"45 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140726586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Samrat Upadhyay’s “During the Festival”: A Psychoanalytic-Feminist Exploration of Desire","authors":"Shyam Prasad Poudel","doi":"10.3126/kdk.v4i1.64562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/kdk.v4i1.64562","url":null,"abstract":"This research delves into Samrat Upadhyay’s short story “During the Festival,” collected in Arresting God in Kathmandu, examines the innate impulses shared by humans and animals within the modern Nepali society. Through a psychoanalytic-feminist theoretical framework, the study critically uncovers the subconscious projections of characters like Ganesh, revealing the complex dynamics of jealousy, sexuality, and familial relationships. Ganesh’s jealousy towards his wife’s emotional relationship with a young man in the neighbourhood reflects deeper insecurities about sexuality and societal norms and values in Nepal, while the neighbour’s displacement of his wife with his mother exposes the unresolved and conflicting issues stemming from the childhood experiences. Drawing on psychoanalytic principles, the analysis explores the themes of infantile fears and psychical metamorphosis, shedding light on the intricate interplay between individual psyche and societal constructs. By dissecting the text’s intrinsic characters and unconscious desires, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of human nature and societal complexities in Nepali literature.","PeriodicalId":332111,"journal":{"name":"Kaumodaki: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":"280 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140723813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}