Journal of Injury and Violence Research最新文献

{"title":"Validity and Reliability of the Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Epidemiological Studies: partial least squares-based confirmatory factor analysis","authors":"Shila Hasanzadeh, M. Asghari jafarabadi, Homyoun Sadeghi-Bazargani","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1428","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Despite many types of research about tools of ADHD have been done over the past decade, lack of a Valid and Reliable tool is observed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of ADHD questionnaire in epidemiological studies based on confirmatory factor analysis (PLS). Methods: The present study is a case-control study that was conducted on 456 male motorcyclists and research tool was ADHD questionnaire in 2013. A total of 30 items from experts and audience community were detected necessary. Content validity was verified using expert opinion and construct validity was verified by factor analysis. The results of the Partial Least Squares -based confirmatory factor analysis was done by SMARTPLS3 software. The Cv-communality index, whose positive values indicate the quality of the model and the Cv-redundancy was calculated. Results: According to expert’s opinion, content validity was confirmed. Model fit indicators (AVE> 0.5, SRMR= 0.08, NFI= 0.89) the adequacy of the model and the result structural validity Confirmed. Also, there was also a significant relationship between sub-scales and items. There was a direct, positive and significant relationship between the subscale ASS, CSS and DSS with ADHD. Cronbach s alpha (> 0.7) and combined reliability (> 0.7) confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire. Conclusions: The results showed the validity and reliability of the ADHD questionnaire in epidemiologic studies and various studies for review and generalizability suggested in other communities. Keywords: ADHD, CFA, Reliability and Validity, Traffic","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45160828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between the results of the three methods of RULA, REBA and QEC in assessing the ‎safety and physical health of the employees of a cable manufacturing industry","authors":"R. Hekmatshoar, Ebrahim Taban, Abareshi Fateme, Azmon Tahereh","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1481","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: This study is focused safety and physical health on posture analysis of tools RULA, REBA and ‎QEC were used a cable manufacturing company workers. ‎ Methods: The study was conducted on 40 workers engaged in different process of manufacturing. The ‎different activities of the workers were recorded by video and still photography, and these ‎images were used for analysis. Posture analysis tools RULA, REBA and QEC were used. ‎ Results: The results of RULA showed that about 30% of the workers were under high risk level and ‎needed a necessary action immediately. About 37.5% of the workers were under medium risk ‎levels and about 25% of the workers were at lower risk levels. The results of REBA have shown ‎that about 27.5% of the workers were under very high risk levels and required immediate ‎change. About 35% of the workers were at high risk levels and a change is necessary soon, and ‎‎32.5% of the workers were at medium risk levels. According to the QEC method of assessment, ‎it was found that 7.5 of the workers needed no corrective measures. About 35% of the workers ‎needed additional examination and 32.5% of the workers were at high risk and required ‎immediate change. It can be concluded that there are ergonomic deficiencies in the planning ‎and work approaches. A significant proportion of the workers are working in high risk postures. ‎Therefore, the workers are under moderate to high risk of WMSDs. ‎ Conclusions: The current study suggested a suitable implementation of ergonomics interventions program ‎with awareness and training among workers to reduce the risks of WMSD.‎ Keywords: Posture analysis, WMSD, Cable factory ‎","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41380157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of effective factors of accidents based on metal patters of urban drivers using Q-analysis","authors":"Ali Nasrollah Tabar, M. Keymanesh, Elnaz Arghand, B. Mohammadi","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1378","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: The detection of effective factors of accidents is a major step in increasing the level of road safety and reducing the casualties, particularly in moderate-income countries. The research set conducted about the effective factors of accidents in Iran has focused on the view of the police or road experts and mental patterns of drivers have not been considered as one of the main users in regard to the cause of accidents. Aimed at the detection of attitude of urban drivers, this study is carried out based on mental patterns of taxi drivers in Tehran using Q-factor analysis. Methods: Given the previous studies and research discourse space, 54 propositions are extracted after summarization and the Q-factor analysis is done by selecting 30 urban drivers through purposive sampling and collecting their opinions, where 7 mental categories are derived. Results: The opinions of urban drivers suggest that human factors, e.g. overtaking, deviation to the left, talking on cellphone, driver’s problems in spite of his/her driving skill and speeding, have the maximum impact on urban accidents variance ratio criterion (VRC), while lack of road monitoring by the police and illegal passenger pickup have the minimum effect on the cause of car crashes. Conclusions: It is concluded that the drivers’ image of effective factors of accidents is not the same as the results of safety monitoring. The detection of these patterns helps the experts to modify their opinions and it is possible to correct misguided mental patterns of drivers about the cause of accidents by encouraging the educational processes. Keywords: Accidents, Urban drivers, Q methodology","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49542214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Shahindezh be an age-friendly city? a case study","authors":"F. Maleki","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1403","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Population aging is one of the challenges of the 21st century in the world, and in Iran. Elderly people should be able to participate in social activities befitting their age and be respected. In the last ten years, following the efforts of the WHO to develop the age-friendly Program, the age-friendly community s movements have attracted the attention of policymakers. So, this study was carried out with the aim to investigate the comparison of Shahindezh city with the standard indices of Elderly-friendly City. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was implemented in 100 elders (above 60 years) referring to health centers of Shahindezh city, Nov-Dec 2018. Samples were selected through multi-stage sampling from 3 health centers of the city. Inclusion criteria were age over 60 years and living in Shahindezh. The WHO standard questionnaire was used; its validity has been confirmed. SPSS software was used to analyze the data and T-test was used to compare the mean of the indices. Results: A total of 100 elderly people participated in this study. Their average age was 72.41 ± 9.81, with the most (35%) at 65 years old. 46% of them were male. The results show that among the social, communicational, cultural-health and health indices, the highest percentage of dissatisfaction was related to the lack of computer and Internet educational facilities for the elderly, the inadequacy of urban furniture for the elderly. Also, the necessary training is not given to families for the care of the elderly. Findings also show that the average of all the criteria (social, communicative, cultural-psychological, and health) is lower than the standards. Conclusions: It is suggested that policymakers plan to increase the indices with the least average compared to the standard and thus provide welfare and health to the elderly. Keywords: Age-friendly cities, Aging, Shahindezh, Iran","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42985501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder as a determinant of motorcycle accidents in Fars province of Iran","authors":"A. Mani, S. Heydari, Yaser Sarikhani, M. Vossoughi, K. Bagheri Lankarani","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1302","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Road traffic accident is a serious public health problem in the world. Iran is among the countries with the highest rate of traffic accident causing high mortality and morbidity. Although the number of motorcycle drivers is less than car drivers in Iran, a major part of mortality and morbidity belongs to motorcycle drivers especially in rural areas. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the predicting factors for risky behaviors and accidents among the motorcyclists. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between motorcycle accidents and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Shiraz, Iran. Methods: In this cross sectional study was done in 2017 total number of 1195 motorcyclist from Fars province were included. In this study we collected the data using the Persian version of Conners Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scales (CAARS) 30-item questionnaire and a checklist designed by the researchers for demographic variables. SPSS 22 was used to analyze the data. Results: All the study participants were male and the mean age was 28.28±8.56 years. 16.7% of the motorcyclists had motorcycle driving license, 25.4% and 23.3% had the experience of driving fines and history of accident respectively. The mean score of hyperactivity disorder was 32.3±16.8. The mean score of ADHD was higher among the motorcyclists with the history of accident in the past year (P=0.018), those with speeding over the limit, those with maneuvering while driving, drivers who used mobile phone during driving, and those who had more pleasure while driving motorcycle (p<0.001). Conclusions: Findings of this study indicated that traffic accidents increased with the higher scores of ADHD in motorcyclists, and hyperactivity may be considered as a risk factor of driving risky behaviors such as exceeding the speed limits, illegal overtaking, and maneuvering while driving and finally accidents of motorcyclists. Keywords: Traffic Accident, Motorcyclists, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42490039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public health approaches to control injuries","authors":"maryam baradaran binazir","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1473","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Injuries are a focus of public health practice, because they pose a serious health threat. Injuries ‎are preventable in most situations. Despite successes in many areas of injury prevention, the ‎potential of preventing traumatic injuries has not been realized. There remains much to be done. ‎The aim of this study was to investigate different public health approaches to injury control by ‎article review.‎ Methods: In the present review article, reputable internet databases were investigated. Studies that ‎considered models of public health in injuries control were included in this review. The ‎following databases were accessed for the period from beginning to 2018 for English ‎publications: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct .The terms “public health ‎models” and “injury” were used. Articles had to meet the following inclusion criteria: focus on ‎public health models and focus on injuries. The articles were critically appraised by using tools ‎developed by the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP). The models were revealed by the ‎literature reviewed, summarized for data synthesis. ‎ Results: From the literature review, we found two models in this area. First one is the causal model for ‎traumatic injuries. It is easily adopted from the traditional epidemiologic causal model. The ‎second one is the public health model. It advocate a cycle of surveillance, risk factor ‎identification, intervention implementation and evaluation. ‎ Conclusions: The public health model and the causal model for traumatic injuries are sustainable framework ‎to use in injury control and prevention.‎ Keywords: Injury, Public health, Model","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46024213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triage in the mass casualties in pre-hospital emergency","authors":"A. Dadashzadeh, Jafar Khani, M. Soleymani","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1455","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: In the everyday life, a large number of pre-hospital emergency missions are including the injurers caused by traumatic events. Meanwhile, the immediate response to the injurers of the mass casualties is of particular importance due to their large number and also the distance to the medical centers. Using of a proper triage scale has a major role in prioritizing the injuries resulted from mass casualty events in order to treat and transfer them to health centers and also in the management of the scene and improving the quality of care of traumatic injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the various methods of triage in the scene, so that we can present a suitable triage scale for prioritizing injuries in mass casualty for pre-hospital emergency. Methods: This study is an overview one and is performed by using of databases and library resources and words including triage, pre-hospital emergency, mass casualty, crisis and emergency medical technician. Results: Based on the surveys, a variety of triage methods in the scene were found including Simple triage and rapid treatment (START), Jump start, triage sieve or Major Incident Medical Management and Support (MIMMS), Pediatric Triage Tape (PTT), Move, Assess, Sort, and Send (MASS), Care Flight, Sort, Assess, Lifesaving interventions, and Treatment and/or Transport (SALT), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Pediatric Trauma score (PTS). Conclusions: In the literature, the use of different triage scales has been recommended in the crisis, the scene of the accident and trauma. By considering the context, structure and dispersion of mass casualty in the country, it isn’t known yet which one of these scales is operational and applicable. Therefore, for the patients in mass casualty, it is suggested that an appropriate and applicable triage scale should be designed for pre-hospital emergency operations. Keywords: Triage in the scene, Pre-hospital emergency, Mass casualty","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44691695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-hospital Emergency Services Survey in traffic accidents in Isfahan Province","authors":"Reihaneh Rastegari, Leyla Alsafi, Mohsen Eftekhari","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1460","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Considering the importance of the role and function of pre-hospital emergency and community health and the need for continuous monitoring of traffic accidents and the process of service to patients, the present study was conducted to investigate the pre-hospital emergency services of the cities of Isfahan during one year in traffic accidents Methods: This study was a descriptive-cross-sectional study. The statistical population consisted of all traumatic victims injured in the emergency operation area of 115 provinces of Isfahan from April 1, 1997 to the end of February. The files were 61994 cases. Data were recorded by the Esfahan Emergency Department s Mission Information Registration Form E-patients were extracted and analyzed using SPSS18 software. Results: Of the total number of missions in 22 provinces of Isfahan province, 44.2% belonged to Isfahan and then Najafabad city was 4.8%, and the cities of Khomeini were 7.7% and Lenjan, 7% of the missions. 78% of the missions resulted in admission, 11% outpatient, 10% abandonment of the mission and 1% infidelity, which was examined separately and comparatively. Conclusions: Improving the training and skills of pre-hospital emergency staff and culture-building, and changing the society s attitude toward receiving its services is the key to improving the status quo. Keywords: Pre-hospital Emergency, Traffic Accidents, Isfahan Province","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41650072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor accidents, the first category of accidents and incidents in Sabzevar from 2001 to 2018: an epidemiological study","authors":"F. Borzoee, Narjes Heshmati Far, Raha Saleh abadi, M. Ansari","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1430","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: In the world, annually more than 5 million people die as a result of accidents, accounting for one tenth of all deaths. One of the most important strategies to deal with these cases is prevention, which necessitates recognizing the epidemiology of accidents and incidents. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology of accidents and incidents in Sabzevar in a period of 17 years. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which 125346 cases of accidents recorded from March 1, 2001 to March 13, 2018 were investigated. In this study, the information on the casualties referring to hospitals which had been collected thorough hospital registration forms was analyzed using software STATA version 11. Results: The total number of accidents recorded in Sabzevar County during 17 consecutive years has been 125,346. Most of the casualties were males (72.47%). Among all types of accidents, motor vehicle crashes accounted for most of the accidents with 29.53% of cases. Urban areas had the highest accident frequency rate with 68.43% of cases, compared to outdoors areas. Conclusions: According to the previous studies, Sabzevar is the second city in Iran with the highest number of motorcycles. It should be noted that these statistics are only related to the recorded accidents. Spreading the culture of riding bicycles as a means of transportation, equipping motorcyclists with helmets and other safety tools, a firmer approach toward violators and the enforcement of laws are more crucial today than they used to be. Keywords: Accidents, Epidemiology, Motor accidents","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41887919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional distress and its predictors in burn patients","authors":"H. Sadeghi-Bazargani, Z. Zare, F. Ranjbar","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1315","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Burn injuries are most certainly stressful events, particularly when permanent disfigurement is a result. Survivors of burn events are even more susceptible to psychological disorders compared to other groups. Purposes Present study was conducted to assess predictors of emotional distress and possible psychiatric morbidity in burn patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on a total of 255 burn patients. In order to assess emotional distress and irrational beliefs, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Scale for Irrational Thoughts after Burning (SITB) was used. To identify predictors of emotional distress, both bivariate and multivariate analysis method were conducted. In multivariate linear regression, forward strategy was used for building the model. Preliminary variable selection for model design was based on a P<0.2 and final decision for keeping the variables in the model was based on a P< 0.05. Results: The results of bivariate analysis showed that gender, occupation, history of referral to psychiatrist, history of consumption depression drugs, percentage of Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) burned history of special disease; and also irrational beliefs and geographical areas had significant relationships with emotional distress. (P< 0.05) Using forward linear regression, gender, irrational beliefs, history of referral to psychiatrist, geographical areas, etiology of burning, environment, duration of burn, history of special disease, body location burned (face only, head and neck, private exposed) and intent of injury were significant predictors of the emotional distress. The models predicted 29 percent (p< 0.001) of emotional distress. Conclusions: Considering to possible psychiatric morbidity and development of facilities for screening is necessary. Moreover, consultation with mental health experts after burn injuries is highly recommended. Keywords: Burn, Injuries, GHQ28, Psychological disorders, Disfigurement","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41867576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}