Journal of Injury and Violence Research最新文献

{"title":"Determining the length of disability and the severity of injury in patients with traffic accidents admitted to Imam Khomeini University Hospital in Urmia in 2016","authors":"O. Garkaz, Shakar Salari Lak, H. Mehryar, H. Khalkhali","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1348","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Traffic accidents are recognized as the main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide particularly in developing countries and it causes major health problems that endanger human health. This study aims to determine the disability period and the severity of traumatic injuries caused from traffic accidents. Patients refereed to Imam Khomeini University Hospital in Urmia during year 2016 were enrolled. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 1705 traffic accident victims which referred to Imam Khomeini University Hospital in Urmia during 2016. The data were collected using a checklist containing demographic characteristics, type of accident, and severity of injury and finally the length of disability period. Length of disability achieved by following up through telephone call. To determine the ISS score, according to the expert’s opinion, ranked 1-6 and evaluated. Results: In this study 1231 (72.1%) patients were enrolled. The average age of the patients was 33.63 (30.00) Seventy seven (0.04%) had fatal injuries, 593 (42.5%) of them returned to their normal activity after two months. The mean and standard deviation of return to normal was 86/78 (104/224). The majority of injured patients had a mild limb injury, while most injuries were life-threatening. Conclusions: In this study, most of the injured were male, married, young and concerned about compensation for financial losses, and most of the fatal injuries had a critical health hazard, which generally required crucial steps to improve health for quick return to work and reduce harm. Keywords: Injuries, Disability, Accidents","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42868293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Traffic Accidents in Gimhae City, Republic of Korea","authors":"Jeongyee Bae, Hwan-sun Kim, Jeongyeol Lee, Oe-gyeong Oh, Chang-Hyo Bae, Dong-su Han, Sung-il Cho","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1485","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: The number of deaths from traffic accidents in Korea has been steadily decreasing every year. ‎However, the death rate of traffic accidents in Korea is 8.1 per 100,000 people in 2017, which is ‎the highest among OECD member countries. In addition, the number of traffic accidents per ‎‎10,000 cars is 1.9, which is the highest among OECD member countries, and it is necessary to ‎have access to traffic safety. Gimhae city has three highway networks connecting to Gimhae ‎International Airport and it is a key role of transportation. Therefore, traffic volume and traffic ‎accident in Gimhae are relatively higher than other surrounding cities.Therefore, we need to ‎identify the incidence and causes of traffic accidents by age, place, time etc. Objective: The ‎purposes of this study are to identify the incidence of traffic accident in Gimge city and to ‎develop the evidence based traffic accident program for Gimhae city. ‎ Methods: In order to understand the current state of traffic accidents for the citizens of Gimhae city, the ‎annual report on the causes of death statistics from the National Statistics Office in 2017 and the ‎annual report on traffic accidents from the National Police Agency in 2017 were analyzed. Base ‎on this data authors identified high risk factors related to traffic accidents such as traffic ‎accident occurrence rates, drinking and driving, seatbelts and other protective gears.‎ Results: The death rate of traffic accidents in Gimhae city was 2.3 times higher in males than females. ‎And the rate of death has increased with aging, in the order of elderly (65 and over), middle-‎aged (45 to 64), adult (19 to 44), and youth (13 to 18). The rate of injuries caused by traffic ‎accidents was 3.4 times higher in males than females. Also, the rate of injuries increased with ‎aging, in the order of elderly (65 and over), middle-aged (45 to 64), adult (19 to 44), and youth ‎‎(13 to 18). There was the highest number of accidents in April especially on Thursdays. There ‎was the highest number of injury due to accidents during rush hour of 6PM to 10PM. As the ‎result of analyzing the incidence of drink-driving accidents according to the types of vehicles, ‎motorcycles, passenger cars, and car rentals were in the order. Seat belt attached rate were high ‎in the order of under 14 years old, 15-20 years and above 70 years. And helmet wearing rate ‎were high in the order of 15-20 years old, above 70 years and under 14 years old. Conclusions: Based on results of this study, it is desirable to develop customized traffic safety programs. In ‎the case of the elderly, there are a lot of pedestrian accidents, so we need program that can ‎improve the walking environment. For adult and middle-age, it will be effective to provide ‎drunk driving education and safety belt training programs. In terms of drink-driving preventive ‎education, we should be conducted for motorcycles and rental cars. For children and youth, it is ‎necessary to ","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41909703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying multinomial logistic regression to prediction effect of environmental and vehicle type factors on the severity of road accidents (Case study: Tabriz-Ahar Road)","authors":"Yousef Kazempour, S. Givehchi, H. Hoveidi","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1367","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Determining the factors that have an important role in increasing the severity of accidents is important to reduce or eliminate mortality and severity of injuries caused by accidents. According to the World Health Organization, the mortality rate in Iran is 32.1 per 100,000 population. Which is much higher than the population of 8.7 per 100,000 people, compared with other high-income countries. Methods: In this study road variables, environmental and climate variables, and vehicle types for four years (1394-1391) were selected accident data of Tabriz-Ahar road for review. The severity of crashes was classified into three levels include fatal, injured and PDO. In this study, multinomial logistic regression method was used to determine the probability and predict the severity of accidents. Results: The results showed that in the case of injured crashes compared with PDO, rainy weather (OR = 0.028), intersections (OR = 0.044) increase the severity of accidents. Also, in the case of fatal accidents compare with PDO, Driving during the night (OR = 0.005), intersections (OR = 2.24) and increase in heavy vehicles on the road (OR = 4.31) increase the severity of fatal accidents. Conclusions: The results of this study show that the multinomial logistic regression model offers a promising approach to predict the severity of accidents in future studies. According to the results, all the significant factors mentioned above should be improved. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the severity of accidents by taking measures such as development Grade separation intersections at black spots and also increasing the number of lane and separating the slow lane from overtaking lane on this road. Keywords: Crash severity, Logistic Regression, Road Safety, Crash modelling","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45932751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility evaluation of the services provided in international transportation section of East Azerbaijan Province","authors":"M. Mirzakhani","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1377","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: International transportation is one of the main Sections of economy, services of which are used directly and indirectly. Drivers are considered as one of beneficiaries of this section and their comments are of great importance in evaluation of utility of transportation services. Hence, the main research question of the present paper is that how drivers evaluate utility of International Transportation Section services of East Azerbaijan. The aim of this study was being informed of services utility in Jolfa and Norduz border terminals. -Estimation of servicing gap in Jolfa and Norduz border terminals. Methods: Using survey and questionnaire, 219 local and foreign drivers were interviewed to determine utility of international transportation services of East Azerbaijan. SPSS was employed for data analysis. According to the variables’ measurement level, frequency distribution, diagram, center-oriented statistics and scattering were used in descriptive section and in inferential section correlation coefficient test and averages differences were employed to test the research hypotheses. Results: Findings of the study indicated that servicing gap of the province border terminals are in road services, transportation companies’ services, border terminals services, medical services, welfare complexes services and police services, respectively. Inferential results indicated that there is a significant correlation between degree of importance and satisfaction from services and from among the above mentioned services, only transportation companies’ services and medical services had significant difference in Jolfa and Norduz border terminals. Other findings, also, indicated that transportation companies’ services, medical services and police services have significant difference in Iran and foreign countries and also border terminals services have significant difference based on transit and non-transit nature of the cargo. Conclusions: Findings of the study indicated gap in services utility of International Transportation section in East Azerbaijan and hence, the paper’s suggestion is that transportation planners of the province take more attempts in line with improvement of services provided in Jolfa and Norduz border terminals. Keywords: Services utility, Servicing gap, International transportation, East Azerbaijan Province, Jolfa and Norduz border terminals","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44353135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monetary value and cost analysis of a youth voluntary program on road safety in Iran","authors":"H. Seddighi, I. Salmani","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1468","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Volunteering has great economic and social benefits, but it is neglected due to the voluntary ‎nature of the work. The purpose of this study was to assess the monetary aspect of voluntary ‎activities in the plan of Iranian National Safety and Health for New Year Holidays passengers ‎and analyze cost analysis of the implementation of this plan by youth volunteers. ‎ Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 1574 volunteers outlined in this plan were analyzed from ‎Wage Replacement and Replacement Cost approach for monetary evaluation of voluntary ‎activities. In addition, the cost benefit analysis of a Red Crescent voluntary plan is calculated by ‎value audit and volunteer investment (VIVA) technique. ‎ Results: In the mentioned road safety plan, the sum of the economic value of volunteering work in the ‎Nowruz passenger s safety and health plan is multiplied by the number of working hours of ‎youth volunteers per day, the number of young people and the average wage was earned at an ‎hour, which was obtained as $ 69885.6. Also Viva rate is 10.6$ means every dollar Red ‎Crescent spent will cost more than 10$ if it wasn’t voluntary. ‎ Conclusions: According to the findings, it seems that the voluntary plan for safety and health of New Year ‎holidays passengers had been economically profitable for the Red Crescent population as well ‎as for the government because of its high revenue compared to the its cost.‎ Keywords: Cost Analysis, Road Safety, Monetary Valuation, Volunteering, Youth, Road safety","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46610325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of traffic injuries in Iran-2017","authors":"F. Asgarian, H. Akbari, M. Mahdian","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1437","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Policies and strategies to improve health should be specified. For such policies and strategies, accurate information and indicators should be considered. To increase life expectancy and reduce mortality at different ages, causes of destroying life should be recognized and to be dealt with. Study design: In this study, accidents happened in Iran were investigated in year2017 to provide better directions to authorities in order to conduct appropriate planning and prevent occurrence of the majority of accidents in the country. Methods: This study was carried out based on secondary data analysis. Data gathered from outpatients or inpatients injured in accidents and referred to hospitals affiliated to all Universities of Medical Sciences registered in Health ministry of Iran was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA), and statistical analyses were carried out with descriptive statistics, frequency, mean, and standard deviation. The Chi square test and independent t-test were used to determine association between variables. Results: In this study, 1,482,435 incidents were recorded. The majority of injured people were males. The highest percentage of accidents is attributed to traffic trauma. The most cases of injuries were related to urban areas. The incident was 18.5 per thousand and the highest incidence was related to Qazvin province with about 46.3 per thousand and then Kermanshah province with 38.1 per thousand. Tehran province alone accounted for 19.1% of all injured. The highest and lowest frequency of the incident occurred in the months of Mordad (August) (10.4%) and Bahman (February) (6.3%). Conclusions: Since half of the accidents occurred in younger age groups, it is necessary to provide accurate training to younger people. According to the results of this study, more accidents were happened in summer and outskirts, and it is suggested that these variables be considered more in future plans to reduce mortality from road accidents. Keywords: Iran, Epidemiology, Injury","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44077076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The United Nations sustainable development goals, the WHO general program of work 2019-2023 and international safe communities","authors":"D. Hanson","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1313","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: A number of international safe communities are displaying increasing interest in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG). The International Safe Communities Certifying Centre is seeking to establish formal relations with the World Health Organization (WHO). Purpose: A formal review of the UNSDG and WHO General Program of Work 13 – 2019 to 2023 (WHO GPW13) alignment with the international Safe Communities indicators. Methods: UNSDGs were formally reviewed by 4 senior ISCCC certifiers and ranked in terms alignment with International Safe Communities Indicators. Results: While injury imposes a considerable cost burden on communities, safety is a critical precondition necessary for the attainment of the productive physical, physical and social environments that communities require to achieve their full potential. Safety provides a dynamic leverage point for communities to achieve their aspiration for sustainable development. There is very strong alignment between the UNSDGs and the International Safe Community Indicators The holistic understanding of injury prevention and safety promotion adopted by the safe communities movement supports the WHO vision to “Promote health, keep the world safe and serve the vulnerable” articulated in its 13th General Program of Work (GPW): 2019 to 2023. Based on the analysis the ISCCC board has identified 7 domains of injury prevention and safety promotion practice that are of high strategic importance8: • Disaster preparedness • Prevention of Road Traffic Injuries • Prevention of Violence against Women • Prevention Violence against Children • Suicide prevention • Falls prevention • Prevention of workplace injury. All new designation applications submitted after the 1st of July 2019 must provide statistical information regarding the incidence of these issues and to describe how they are addressed in their community. Conclusions: The International Safe Community movement embraces a whole of system (ecological) definition of injury prevention and safety promotion that aligns easily with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG) and the WHO General Program of Work 13, 2019 to 2023 (WHO GPW13). Keywords: United Nations SDGs, WHO General Program of Work, ISCCC","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46382206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age distribution of accidents in hospitals affiliated to Iranian Ministry of Health","authors":"Mohamad Hajijafari, F. Asgarian, Mohamad Hosein Ziloochi","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1445","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Accidents, as the third important cause of mortality, are among main challenges of communities due their costs and irreversible damages. This study aimed to investigate the age distribution of people referred to the hospitals affiliated by Iran’s ministry of health because of accidents. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, using a CDC checklist, data related to the injured people who referred to the hospitals affiliated by Iran’s ministry of health in a one year period was gathered from hospital records, as well as interview and observation. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS11 software. Results: The commonest age group involved in accidents during the year 1395 (2016) was middle-aged (37%) followed by youth (25%). The commonest accidents in children were: fall (23%), traffic accidents (19%), and burn (13%). In adolescents, the commonest accidents were: traffic accidents (32%), fall (16%), and violence and poisoning (5%). The commonest accidents in youth were: traffic accidents (35%), violence (9%), and poisoning (6%). In middle-aged group, the commonest accidents were: traffic accidents (30%), fall (12%), and violence and poisoning (7%). The commonest accidents in elderly were: fall and traffic accidents (25%), burn (4%), and violence and poisoning (3%). Conclusions: Making plan and policies to prevent accidents and injuries is a health priority and a key tool for improving the safety of the community. Also, informing the all age groups of the community about preventive actions is necessary. Keywords: Road Traffic Injury, Trauma, Hospital","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46525023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the solutions to maintain psychological safety and nutritional and physical health of children during war: a review study","authors":"Alizamen Salehifardjoneghani, Sedigheh Heydarisoreshjani, Ali Saljoghipeptani, Poran Khalafian","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1356","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: War is a stressful factor for children and families. During war, there are two categories of children including those who are directly attacked and all of their amenities such as school, house, and social structure are influenced and destroyed. Another category includes children who are indirectly observing these disasters through social media and the first group, in addition to psychological aspects, suffers from nutritional and physical health problems. In this study, the researcher aims to find out if there is any solution to provide psychological safety and nutritional and physical health for children involved in war. Methods: In this study, articles published in English and Persian languages in scientific sites, journals and conferences of Medical Sciences of Iran and Red Crescent, SID, PubMed and Scopus, and humanities were searched by keywords such as psychological health safety, violence against children, vulnerability of children during war, nutritional and physical health of children, and solutions to provide supplies and health during war. Results: The results show that during war, it is necessary to gather information from the study area exposed to danger. Costs estimation, maintenance and storage of food supplies, supplying kitchens, warehouses and mobile refrigerators, providing food and shelter, establishment of hospitals and schools, education to cope with crisis for families and people working with children, and separating the consumer groups to maintain nutritional health of children are necessary. But the most important element is psychological health of children and it is necessary to train people before the accident and send them to the area. These people should know that children are more sensitive and understand the situations. Conclusions: To solve psychological problems of children, parents and authorities should prepare a comprehensive plan to reduce psychological injuries. For children who may need tranquilizers for psychological disorders, the presence of psychologist and psychiatrist is necessary. For health and nutrition of children, correct planning and prediction and management can reduce losses caused by the crisis. Keywords: Children, War, Psychological problems, Food supply, Health","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43099826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The necessity of implementing the World Health Organization Checklist for trauma patients in Emergency Departments throughout the country","authors":"A. Ahmadi","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1359","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Injury is one of the main causes of mortality and disability in the world. Improving the trauma care process is necessary to reduce this burden in countries at all levels of the economy. One of the important components of improving the care process in each field is to reduce medical errors. Using a checklist in other medical areas has been effective in improving care and reducing medical mistakes. Field observations indicate that almost all of the emergency departments in hospitals and trauma centers in the country do not use this check list. In this short essay, efforts have been made to emphasize the necessity for coercion with the necessary training to use this checklist from the Department of Health's treatment deputy. Keywords: Trauma patients, World Health Organization, Emergency, Checklist","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41694444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}