Journal of Injury and Violence Research最新文献

{"title":"Modernized teaching material and methodology for road safety educators","authors":"H. Leek-Ambur, Anu Kikas","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1334","url":null,"abstract":"One of the project main objectives was to develop new study material for road safety education providers in order to improve road safety through the development of driving teachers' education in Estonia, Finland and Norway. In order to complete this objective several activities were carried out: 1. Four international project meetings - Originally were planned three meetings each connected with one of the other activities (two with student mobilities and one with dissemination event), but for the compilation of a book the writers needed one additional meeting, just to clarify different aspects concerning the textbook. 2. Two student teaching and learning mobilities - one in Finland (participated: 5 students from Estonia, 5 students from Norway and 8 students from Finland) and the other in Norway (participated: 6 students from Estonia, 9 students from Norway and 4 students from Finland). Both student mobility’s contributed into the writing of a textbook. In the first mobility students and teachers tested several ideas and gather thoughts about topics that should be in the textbook and in second mobility students gave feedback to the articles composed. 3. Dissemination event in Estonia - road safety conference: Theory and Practice in Driver Education. The dissemination event was dedicated to the intellectual output and was a success in every way. There were two keynote speakers talking about overall ideas and state of road safety in Europe and also all the writers introducing their chapter of the textbook. All the participants (119 people) had a chance to acquire the new textbook. The textbook was released in October 2018 and all the project partners had 200 copies of the book. As the book was written in English TUHC translated all the articles into Estonian and the articles together with the videos made from the conference are now being used as a study material in Traffic safety curriculum. The created textbook is also available for all the interested parties on project partners’ websites. During the project all the participating teachers and students gained new experience, improved their English language skills, improved cooperation and intercultural skills. Project partners gained new teaching and learning material, strengthened their international cooperation and improved the quality of higher education in their institutions. Keywords: Pedagogical Challenges of a Modern Driving Teacher; Active Study Methods in Teaching Drivers of Motor Vehicles; Responsible Driver; Impulse Awareness","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42928637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intervening young children with road safety education yields reduction in road crashes","authors":"Kulanthayan KC Mani, H. Hamid, Ahmad Hariza Hashim, Law Teik Hua","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1410","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Road Safety Education (RSE) intervention is a joint effort between Ministry of Transport Malaysia and Ministry of Education Malaysia. RSE was implemented in stages from 2007 to nationwide rollout in all standards and in all primary schools in the country by 2010. The RSE knowledge is embedded in the existing curriculum through the National Malay Language subject. RSE was taught once a week (40 minutes exposure) in the classroom by the subject teachers whom have undergone special 3 days training on RSE module. The RSE modules are developed appropriately tailored to the age-range of the students. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of RSE intervention before and after implementation. Methods: A prospective intervention-control study following children who are exposed and not exposed to RSE program for 2 years and observing whether they are involved in road traffic injuries (RTI) over the period of time. Children with intervention in this study will be taken from schools where new RSE program is to be implemented. There will be matched controls from neighboring districts with schools where program not implemented. This gives a ratio of 1:1 between intervention and control. For this study, Quasi Experimental-interrupted time series design with comparison group was applied since random allocation was not possible. Six intervention districts and six comparison districts was selected as per Education District List under the Ministry of Education Malaysia. Total sample size of 67,232 children for both years involved in study (33,616 per arm). Minimum sample of 33,616 children from 6 intervention districts and 33,616 children from control districts of Standard 2 (age 8) and 4 (age 10) were required. Results: Health Outcome based study was conducted for two years (2008-2009) for different targets groups. Total students sampled of 20,396 among year 2 (age 8) and 19,721 year 4 (age 10). from injury surveillance study showed a significant reduction in number of crashes in intervention districts with RSE program compared to control districts without RSE program for both year 2 (age 8) and 4 (age 10) students after following up for two years. Next, results from police crash data showed a reduction in number of road crashes for pedestrian age group 7-12 years in intervention districts as compared to control districts comparing year 2007 and 2009. Conclusions: The study has shown from the injury surveillance study, a declining trend in number of children road crashes recorded for year 2 (age 8) and 4 (age 10) students whom receive RSE intervention as compared to those who did not receive the intervention. The study findings has managed to convince both main stakeholders MOT and MOE to rollout the intervention nationwide to all primary schools from 2010 onwards and secondary schools later. Keywords: Road Safety Education Initiative, Road Crash, Children","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43078757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological survey of suicide cases registered in covered hospitals of Isfahan Health Center in 1395","authors":"Hamid Turkzadeh, Alireza Dadaei shahrekordi, Corose Aminian, Fatemeh Asgari","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1414","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: More than 30,000 people die every year in the United States, and the number of suicides in excess of 650,000 people is now among eight major deaths in the United States. The rate of suicide among different nations varies from 25 to 10,000 in Scandinavia, Switzerland, Germany, Austria the countries of Eastern Europe and Japan to less than 10 in 10,000 people in Spain, Italy, Ireland, Egypt, and the Netherlands. Suicide in Iran by the forensic organization in 1380 suggests that 5.7 suicides per 100,000 men and 3.1 suicide per 100,000 women occur in the country. Statistics show that suicide rate in men in European and North American countries and South-central Asian countries is lower and in Western Asia is higher than other countries. Furthermore, statistics show that Iran and Georgia have the highest rate of suicide in western Asia. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic pattern of suicide cases referred to hospitals affiliated with Isfahan Health Center No.1 in 1395. The statistics were collected by examining the accident and accident forms and then analyzed using SPSS software package. Results: Of 21239 incidents, 3371 (15.8%) were related to suicide and the second highest accident rate occurred in urban areas, 50% were males and 50% were women. 98% of suicides occurred in urban areas and 2% in rural areas. In terms of the place of suicide, most cases occurred with 99% at home. The highest rate of suicide was found in the age groups of 20-29 years (39.5%), 30-39 (28.6%), 10-19 years (17.6%), 40-49 years (10.3%) and 50-59 years (2.3%). More than 99% of suicides was treated and only 12 people reported death. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that suicide among accidents has a high percentage which requires a special look as one of the components of social health. However, the existence of suicide at a young age and aged generational and active community of alarm Serious for mental health in the community. Since most suicides have occurred in urban areas and there are several factors such as stress, economic problems, lifestyles and other cultural and economic factors involved in it, more research is needed to accurately identify the causes and factors of suicide and find ways to prevent it. This is underlined by this article. Keywords: Suicide, Active age group, Prevention","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47840641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An epidemiologic survey of road traffic accidents in Iran-2017","authors":"H. Akbari, Malihe MohammadZade, F. Asgarian, M. Mahdian","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1441","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Accidents have always been recognized as one of the most important causes of disability or death in humans. The purpose of this study, determining the frequency of causes of accidents and incidents in Iran in 1395 to provide further prevention. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study where the data recorded accidents and incidents in the country have been used in 1395. This information was extracted according to age, sex and type of incident, and was reported by frequency and percentage. Results: This year, there were 1489862 incidents in the country that about 446,238 were women (29.9%). The most frequent causes was of the car accidents (15.5%), fall from the high (13.7%) And motorcycle accidents (10.2 percent). The largest incident was at home with a frequency of 36% and then there was Alley and street (32%). Conclusions: The results of this study, the frequency of accidents and incidents was higher in the men and Age group 25-15 years that requires more attention from health policy makers. Keywords: Accident, Survey, Iran","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47377702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traffic accident mortality in Najafabad, Iran: a time series model","authors":"Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Marzieh Mahmoodimanesh, L. Abedi, Azimeh Ghaderi","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1329","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Road traffic accidents and their related deaths have become a major concern in Iran. Based on estimates, Iranian road traffic accidents lead to about 30,000 deaths annually. Objectives: In this study, we used a time series model to understand the trend of accidents, and ascertain the viability of applying ARIMA models on data from Najafabad, Iran. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. We used data from accidents occurring in Najafabad between 2011 and 2017. We used the time series method for determining the trend and forecasting. Non-stationary data in mean and variance were removed using Box-Cox transformation. Autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) plots were used for identifying the models which fit data. All analyses were performed using the Minitab 17. Results: The result of the trend analysis illustration showed a descending trend of the fatalities due to traffic accidents. The highest values of fatalities have occurred in 2011 (97cases). Also, the lowest values of fatalities have occurred in 2014 with 50.51% reduction in comparison to 2011. The ARIMA (0, 1, 1) model was identified as the best-fit model for data. Prediction values of traffic accident fatalities showed a decreasing trend in deaths in the coming years. Conclusions: Applying this information can be useful to policymakers and managers for planning and implementing special interventions to prevent and limit future accidental deaths. Keywords: Road Traffic Accidents, Mortality, Time series, Trend","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44416536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to road traffic accidents by Hashtroud Emergency Medical Services: a cross-sectional study","authors":"S. Elmi, M. Gholipour, Javad Babaie","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1457","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are among the most important causes of mortalities in Iran and worldwide. Pre-hospital emergency medical services (EMS) compromise a vital part of health services and have crucial role in response to RTAs. Purposes: The aim of present study is response to road traffic accidents by Hashtroud Emergency Medical Services in 2018, East Azerbaijan province. Methods: This cross-sectional study has investigated RTAs missions of Hashtroud EMS in 2018. Data were collected using registration database and archives in emergency service providing centers. Descriptive statistics and Microsoft Excel were utilized for data analysis. Results: Of 311 registered RTAs missions, urban missions were 112 cases and road accidents were 199. The average age of injured patients was 32.94. 79.6% were male and 25.1% were female. 81.3% of them resulted in transferring to the hospital and 10.7 % were treated in the scene while 8% of the missions were canceled. Conclusions: Importance of EMS in response to RTAs highlights the significance of proper and on-time services to prevent from disabilities, proper and fast transfer of patients by professional staff, and making systematic plans to promote medical services in terms of pre-hospital emergency services. Keywords: Road Traffic Accidents, Emergency medical services, Response","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43699720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of passenger terminal in Mashhad on citizen safety and urban traffic","authors":"Mohammad Ebrahim Amin Ghafoori, Bahram Farhadinia, S. Rezaee","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1376","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Urban development and changes have been made in Mashhad. An outlying urban passenger terminal creates many safety and traffic problems for citizens. The placement of an intercity bus terminal along with it has increased environmental pollution, safety and traffic. Their only access is Imam Reza Street. On the other hand, this street provides a large linkage of urban roads with the great Asian route. And there are a lot of demands for it. Which interferes with the location of these terminals. In this paper, we simulate the simulation of these terminals with software, and by analyzing it, the scenario of the interchange of bus interchange terminal, modeling the change of access to an outlying urban terminal, and examining the results. Targets: Identify the status quo Identify insecure points Implement different strategies to improve the status quo. Methods: Data collection and analysis with software SPS and easy fit Use Google Earth Maps for modeling Simulation with software Anylogic. Results: Inappropriate design of the terminal entrance and exit doors The Effects of Intercity Urban Buses with Urban Traffic Unsuitable buses stop at Imam Reza Street for riding and disembarking passengers Change the location of the bus terminal entrance Create a safe station for buses. Conclusions: Given the existing damage, it is recommended. To reduce environmental pollution, reduce the safety of citizens, and reduce the traffic flow of the entrance and exit doors of an outlying urban passenger terminal to the Asian highway by providing independent access. And a secure station for it. Keywords: Traffic, Safety, Terminal","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47258881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude and behavior of mothers about prevention of childhood accidents and injuries in under-6-year-old children","authors":"R. Soltani, Safiye Jahanmehr","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1396","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of Mothers about Prevention of Childhood Accidents and Injuries in Under-6-year-old Children Background: injury and violence prevention in “healthy people project 2020”, has been considered as one of the most important factor to improve health promotion. Parents are directly responsible for the children health and can play an important role in preventing of childhood accidents and injuries. Purposes: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and behavior of mothers in the prevention of childhood accidents. Methods: This cross-sectional study that was carried out on 450 mothers of children less than 6 years old referred to health centers in Tabriz, 2016. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire including demographic characteristic (6 items), knowledge (15 items), attitude (5items) and behavior (13items) of mothers about prevention accidents and injuries in children. SPSS Ver-16 statistical software was used to analyze the data. The significance level of α = 0/05 was considered for all tests. Results: The mean age of mothers was 28.2 (SD=5) and children 4.6 (SD=1.5). According to the results 24% of mothers were in higher education and majority of the mothers (88%) were housewives. About 26.5 of mothers had poor, 44.7% moderate and 28.8% good knowledge about preventing accidents and injuries in children. The mean (SD) attitude score was 8.4 (3.8) and 75.8% of mothers had high attitude. Mothers’ behavior related to childhood accidents were Poor (15%), average (35.8), and good (27.7%). The overall prevalence of injury among children was 38%. The most reasons for injury were falling (55.1%), burns (19.8%) and poisoning (8.4%). The knowledge (p<0.01) and attitude (p<0.05) had a meaningful relationship with the behavior of mothers about prevention of childhood accidents and injuries. There was statistically association between mothers knowledge and education level (P <0.001, R= 0.516). Conclusions: According to the results of this study, mothers’ knowledge and behavior was not desirable about prevention of childhood accidents and injuries. Health promotion interventions based on mothers training needs seem necessary. So it is important to increase families’ knowledge through community –based intervention. Keywords: Behavior, Knowledge, Accidents, Injuries, Children","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42193995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development, content validity and application feasibility of the data collection tool for forensic section in Iranian Integrated Road Traffic Injury Registry (IRTIR)","authors":"B. Samadirad, Abdolrazagh Barzegar, Fereidun Ashrafian Bonab, Homayun Sadedeghi- Bazargani, A. Kamali, Ommolbanin Abbasnezhad","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1361","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: The present study was conducted as part of the national project on developing Integrated Road Traffic Registry (IRTIR). The aim of this study was to develop and assess application feasibility and content validity of data collection tool for forensic section in IRTIR. Methods: Data collection tools were developed by information retrieved from literature review as well as the current tool used for traffic fatalities in Forensic Medicine Organization (FMO) and discussion in expert panel. For assessment of content validity, 15 experts in various fields of expertise such as forensic medicine, emergency medicine and neurosurgery, expressed their ideas and gave comments along with scoring the items on relevance, clarity, necessity and feasibility. The Content validity was calculated by the content validity index (CVI) and modified KAPPA. In order to evaluate the application feasibility of the tool, the information for ten traffic fatal cases were collected by forensic medicine specialists using the developed tool. Results: The content validity of the data collection tool was confirmed after two rounds of assessment and improvement. It also was found to be feasible for use in forensic investigations. According to the CVI and modified kappa value above 0.87 for all items. The final tool included in various areas of etiologic and prevention-related information. Conclusions: The present data collection tool for fatal road traffic accidents was more complete and accurate than the current data collection tool and was confirmed to be a valid tool and suitable to be used in the Iranian Integrated Road Traffic Injury Registry and similar settings. Keywords: Injury surveillance, Registry; Road Traffic Injuries; Forensic medicine; Data collection tool; Validity","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41817055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making of voluntary evacuation maps from various disasters on hazard map","authors":"Toshiya Yamamoto, Kenichi Homma, Tamaho Moriwaki","doi":"10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1471","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: In recent years, local governments in Japan have prepared various hazard maps and distributed ‎them to residents in preparation for earthquakes and heavy rainfall. However residents are taken ‎as other persons, and the residents tend to not understand the dangers of disasters and the ‎necessity of evacuation. Therefore, JCI（Junior Chamber International）Japan started ‎activities to spread the method of making voluntary evacuation maps called Nige-Chizu map ‎throughout Japan. The purpose of making “Nige Chizu” map is to properly recognize the ‎disaster risk in the area and to promote risk communication regarding evacuation methods. It ‎can be applied not only to evacuation from tsunamis, but also to floods and landslides. ‎Therefore, we will clarify the results obtained in the workshop for JCI Japan members. ‎ Methods: We gathered members of JCI around Kyoto in February 2019 and made “Nige Chizu” map of ‎walking and caring from the catastrophic flood in Fukuchiyama, Kyoto. “Nige Chizu” map ‎visualizes the time required to reach the evacuation site color-coded every three minutes based ‎on the hazard map. We made 10 types of “Nige Chizu” map with different evacuation ‎conditions, and took a questionnaire for the participants. ‎ Results: According to the results of the questionnaire, although it was “Nige Chizu” map of the town ‎which many participants did not know, they answered that it was very useful in recognizing ‎disaster safety as their own problem. Through making “Nige Chizu” maps, the participants ‎considered the need for evacuation buildings from floods, consideration particularly for people ‎vulnerable to disasters, and the importance of discussions on evacuation. Then, many ‎participants answered that they would like to make “Nige Chizu” map in their own area next ‎time. ‎ Conclusions: Through this workshop, it became clear that making a relief map was effective in understanding ‎the hazard map as their problem. In addition, it was revealed that the network organization of ‎leading generations like JCI is useful for spreading social technology of making “Nige Chizu” ‎map. It is expected that JCI members who have acquired social technology for making relief ‎maps will be active in Safe Community activities in various places.‎ Keywords: Risk Communication, Hazard Map, Voluntary Evacuation Behavior, Workshop, Social ‎Technology, Youth Network ‎","PeriodicalId":32422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Injury and Violence Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45966654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}