Current problems of architecture and urban planning最新文献

{"title":"TYPOLOGY OF BRIDGES-TRANSITIONS BETWEEN BUILDINGS","authors":"L. Hrytsyuk, Natalia Surmay","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.227-238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.227-238","url":null,"abstract":"Considered are prerequisites and development features of bridges-transitions between buildings in the world architecture. With the rapid development of construction technologies, the widespread use of metal in the construction of public and residential buildings, as well as the strong aesthetic and functional demand from developers and residents, there is a need for open and closed multi-storey, multifunctional bridges between buildings. \u0000The term \"bridge-transition\" has been used only recently to refer to bridge structures placed between high-rise buildings. This term is commonly used to refer to urban pedestrian bridges installed at height and bridges located in mountain gorges. As the term \"bridge-transition\" is ambiguous and has several different meanings, it is necessary to define the term \"bridge-transition\" for the purposes of this study. In this study, a bridge-transition is defined as \"a part of a building that allows pedestrians to pass into another building at a height.\" \u0000Based on the existing understanding of the communications spread inside a building, we can divide such bridges-transitions into point-communicative and multi-communicative. In each of these types, there are closed, open and mixed point-communicative or multi-communicative bridge-transitions between buildings. Multi-communicative bridges-transitions and their subsequent types can be further divided into bridges in one horizontal projection, e.g. one-level, and bridges in different horizontal projections, e.g. multi-level. The analysis of existing types of bridge-transitions allows to define a separate type of bridges-transitions as bridge-planes. \u0000The use of bridges-transitions in various building designs for various purposes is prompting more and more specialists-designers to incorporate these solutions into their projects, which fuels the public interest in the application of these solutions.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"229 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124578924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METHODS OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITY DESIGN USING UNIFIED BLOCK UNITS","authors":"Olha Homon, G. Kovalska","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.218-226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.218-226","url":null,"abstract":"The article covers the effective methods of a timesaving public facility design and construction and specifies the method of the kindergarten and primary school design using unified block units. The war started by the hostile country against Ukraine has completely changed our lives. Demolished houses and public buildings, industrial facilities, the infrastructure, whole villages and cities became striking realities that challenged the architects and urban designers to solve the issue of prompt and complex reconstruction in the cities. Because of the war, Ukraine will soon face the demand for fast residential area development and complex construction of facilities, such as kindergartens and secondary schools, raising concerns on the effective methods of timesaving public facility design and construction. At the end of the twentieth century, an expert team at the Kiev National University of Construction and Architecture developed a standardized unit block system for housing and public areas prompting the unified block unit residential building and public area construction. \u0000The block-modular method can be used in present environment for educational facility construction, considering the architectural and construction trends. To outline the practices and structure the typical evaluation at educational facility design, the following diverse unified functional elements were introduced: a single and a double block of cells for a kindergarten; one, two and three-unit assembly standardized functional block for a primary school educational area; a standardized functional block of common use sharing kindergarten premises and primary school.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127906843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRAINING OF ARCHITECTS IN NEW ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS (EXPERIENCE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE AND TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE KNUCA)","authors":"V. Yatsenko, Tatiana Korotkova, T. Panchenko","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.207-217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.207-217","url":null,"abstract":"This article is rather informative about the ways of training those specialists who tomorrow will shape the environment of our life in cities, in nature. In fact, the article is to some extent a continuation of the series started in 2020 on the peculiarities of the training of architects in the field of landscape and tourist-recreational architecture at the Kiev University of Construction and Architecture. \u0000The complexity of the learning process in 2021-2022 for objective reasons has not decreased, but on the contrary forced to look for new specifics in the training itself and the formation of the worldview of future architects to justify the importance of objects they wished to do. \u0000The article presents examples of master's theses, which largely characterize the desires and visions of the graduates themselves. As can be seen from the subject of the work, the red line is a painful issue of ecology and social problems. \u0000The topics of the work are related to changes in the administrative-territorial structure, finding strategic ways to save the economy of small towns by attracting natural resources, solving complex recreational problems of large cities and local settlement systems.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127947441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHANGES IN MEDIA FORMATION OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN SPACES DURING THE WAR","authors":"M. Parneta","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.77-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.77-86","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the characteristics of the media formation of architecture and urban spaces during the Russian military aggression against Ukraine in 2022. There was dangerous atmosphere in the cities. Russia's invasion of Ukraine is not just an invasion, it is the beginning of a war against unity and human rights in the modern world. During the Russian military aggression, all spheres of life in Ukraine underwent changes. Everyday things have lost their meaning because the preservation of human life has become a priority. Many buildings have become shelters for refugees. The war spares nothing: neither cultural heritage sites nor human lives. The occupiers are attacking residential buildings and civilian infrastructure. As a result, peaceful people are suffering, there are victims among children. Urban spaces have undergone significant changes. The city's infrastructure has become martial law. The media formation of architecture has become a source of information for the security of the Ukrainians, has become a means of communication and expression of civic position. Sounds have also become an integral part of the media formation of the war in Ukrainian cities. First of all, it is the sound of sirens announcing – the air alarm and the urgent need to hide in a shelter. Information boards, banners, stands, and posters also remained an important element of the media formation of urban spaces during the war. To maintain the fighting spirit they depict revolutionary drawings and slogans. Russia's full-scale war with Ukraine is the agenda of the entire civilized world. So this difficult time has united not only Ukraine but the whole world. The Russian occupiers cannot conquer us. They will never reach our soul, our heart, our desire to live freely.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134346496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRENDS OF PUBLIC BUILDING PLANNING IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN WESTERN UKRAINE","authors":"O. Silnyk","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.318-326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.318-326","url":null,"abstract":"Today the agrarian policy of our state contributes to the latest achievements of science and technology. Their implementation will bring the agricultural sector of the economy out of crisis, ensure its dynamic and stable development and high economic efficiency of its operation. Creating favorable social conditions is one of the most important links in the nationwide reform of rural life, which will further develop the best conditions for balanced rural life of ordinary people. One of the methods of solving this problem is the arrangement of cultural and domestic, administrative, educational institutions in rural areas, landscaping for active and quiet recreation. The main part of these buildings, for optimal convenience, is located directly in the center of the rural area of the village. \u0000When creating a public center of the settlement it is necessary to solve a number of tasks: the feasibility of location in the architectural and planning structure of the settlement; selection of buildings that will be included in the construction of the center in its composition, taking into account the number of inhabitants; formation of the architectural and planning structure of the center, which corresponds to the situation; establishment of its optimal parameters that ensure the normal functioning and expediency of perception; search for a compositional solution that stands out for its expressiveness and harmony. \u0000Studies in the western regions of Ukraine show that the existing public buildings do not meet the established regulatory requirements. A large number of buildings are morally and structurally obsolete. The planning structure of public buildings is an important administrative and compositional part of the settlement, the well-formed territory of the public center allows to improve the social level of rural life through communal and cultural services. The qualitative analysis of rural settlements in certain areas in accordance with the peculiarities of economic activity of the settlement will provide an opportunity to optimally address the issue of the range of public buildings, its volume and planning.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131281599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MODERN TRENDS IN THE FORMATION OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL MUSEUMS","authors":"V. Kutsevich","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.290-299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.290-299","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the historical background and progressive processes of universalization and expansion of exclusively museum functions and the transformation of museums into a hub, similar to a transport hub that combines objects of different functions. \u0000According to the World Council of Museums (ICOM), there are more than 55 thousand museums in the world. The leaders among them are art museums – the Louvre (Paris, France), the Metropolitan (New York, USA) and the British Museum (London, UK). \u0000Ukrainian museums also have great cultural potential and are among the top ten countries in Europe in terms of the number of works of art available. At the same time, more than 90% of the cultural and creative artistic component of Ukraine is without the possibility of use and exposure. \u0000It has been revealed that a modern museum should strive for development, not be afraid to go beyond the existing museum space, and also expand its functional scope through the use of a modern architectural and planning organization with flexible structures. \u0000Consistently considering the features of the functioning of museums in different historical periods, it was revealed that the dependence of strategies for relating to the past has changed the perception of a museum object and museum structure. Accordingly, the typology of museum spaces was made or destroyed. \u0000So, it is determined that starting from the 70s of the XX century. there was a rethinking of the approaches to the formation of the space of museums, which contributed to the solution of social and communication problems and the transformation of the role of museums in society. \u0000The given examples from domestic and foreign experience in designing, building, operating museums refer to the continuous process of architectural creativity.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"1125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122943724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TASKS IN FORMING THE PEDESTRIAN NETWORK OF THE CITY","authors":"Nadiia Sosnova","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.154-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.154-163","url":null,"abstract":"The article raises the issue of assessment of pedestrian space assets as a means of supplementing the transport network and in the formation of urban communication systems. On the example of the city of Lviv, the possibility of optimizing the city’s radial-ring structure communications network in the conditions of the complicated development of rural transport communications in hilly terrain, by building circular pedestrian connections, is highlighted. \u0000The basis of the research is a comparative cartographic analysis of the plan of Lviv with the use of geoinformation systems for the localization of pedestrian spaces, their dependence on the city structure. \u0000The analysis of pedestrian traffic in Lviv shows that the existing pedestrian network – sidewalks, boulevards, pedestrian squares – duplicates the street and road network of the city. Most of the pedestrian spaces are located along the streets, bypassing the landscape areas of the city. Existing pedestrian communications do not provide connections between the main city districts with each other, with the city center and recreation places. \u0000The task is assigned to pedestrian elements of the city – sidewalks, boulevards, alleys, etc. Three types of pedestrian communications can be distinguished according to the type of task. The first type of pedestrian communications is rationally combinated. It provids movement between point A and B. The second type is for walking and recreation. It is interpreted as rationally whole. Both involve city-wide movement. The third type of pedestrian communications is local. It involves movement within the vernacular district. It is classified as a \"traditional\" element in the structure of the city district. \u0000The research considers the possibility of integrating pedestrian communications in transport network (in particular, the first type). To replace it in areas where the laying of transport connections is impossible due to planning restrictions. Consideration of pedestrian spaces as a full-fledged structural element of the city's transport and pedestrian network develops an alternative approach to overcoming communication problems between urbanized territories, separated by elements of the city's natural framework or other insurmountable planning restrictions (for example, as nature conservation landscapes or monuments).","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114665599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MANAGEMENT OF CITY TRANSPORT SYSTEMS","authors":"Oleksandr Cherednichenko","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.164-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.164-180","url":null,"abstract":"The article defines the concept of \"city transport system\" and it’s subsystems. Social and non-social (quantitative and qualitative) indicators of the characteristics of urban public transport and indicators of evaluation of urban transport systems as a whole are described. The hierarchy of the regulatory and legal framework for the management of urban transport systems and directions for its improvement are analysed. The order of managing city transport systems at the macro- and meso-level is schematically depicted, the main tasks of management bodies at these levels and their connections are described. The structure of management of urban transport systems is depicted and its segments are described: financial and economic, regulatory and legal, social, ecological, information, investment and innovation, infrastructural, logistical and technical security. Three basic models of the organization of public transport are distinguished: administrative management model, regulated and free market. The main characteristics, application conditions, advantages and disadvantages of each of the models of urban transport system management in Ukraine are also described. Recommendations for successful management of urban transport systems in Ukraine are provided.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121778260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VARIATIONS OF SCENARIO MODELS PERCEPTION OF ARCHITECTURAL OBJECTS IN PEDESTRIAN SPACES","authors":"S. Buravchenko","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.42-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.42-66","url":null,"abstract":"Рroblem statement – the organization of the perception of architectural objects in time as certain scenarios, is one of the key areas that allows you to attach the level of emotional expression of architecture to other arts. The relevance of this scientific field is related to the need to implement parametric approaches in design, in particular to maintain high aesthetic qualities of the urban environment.\u0000The analysis of research and publications shows a great interest and a number of directions in the formation of pedestrian spaces, but does not fully reveal the methods of forming the qualities and objects of the architectural environment.\u0000The purpose of this publication is to define and substantiate scenario models of pedestrian space organization based on the study of established forms of various arts that unfold over time, as well as on the study of evolution and experience of forming such compositions in urban planning.\u0000The novelty of the publication is to reveal the origins of common scenario models of pedestrian space, and the role of components of the architectural environment and architectural objects in creating a multifaceted scenario, and the reasons for combining certain approaches in a real project.\u0000Research methods are based on the study of the development of forms and plots in parallel arts (theatrical scenography, music, cinema), where such models are more formalized and used structured in time, which allows by analogy to find physical parameters of architectural compositions and regulate the variability of visual іncentives.\u0000The result of the study is the systematization of the main models of pedestrian spaces scenario organization (medieval, classical, based on the natural environment and the intervention of script compositions on environmental design, citations surrounded by high-rise buildings fragments of the historic city), as well as and further reproduction of these prototypes in modern construction. These models are used in combination, because the architect takes into account all the techniques allowed by the current organizational structure of the design.\u0000The identified methodological approaches and models were used in the author’s project practice, as well as in the course and diploma design of FABD NAU.\u0000In the further research the author intends to systematize digital parameters of such modeling with use of the resulted analogues.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123180942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FORMATION FEATURES OF SPACE-PLANNING TECHNIQUES OF MULTY-STOREY AND HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS","authors":"O. Vakhnichenko","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.239-251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.239-251","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-storey and high-rise single-section residential buildings designing world experience was reviewed and analyzed. It has been determined that placement of a residential building in a certain part of the urban environment requires use of space-planning techniques that contribute to the overall structure of the house diversity. The initial shaping elements of plans include simple geometric shapes: square, circle, ellipse, rectangle, triangle. According to the applied technique, construction features of the individual architectural elements of a residential building are revealed. The study identified three main space-planning techniques that can be used in a residential buildings design: static basis; movement integrity; compiling forms. Certain techniques make it possible to identify the typological features of residential buildings and, accordingly, to classify them according to their characteristic features.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122292299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}