Current problems of architecture and urban planning最新文献

{"title":"Light as an artistic tool of designing the architectural and urban environment","authors":"V.О. Praslova","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.58-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.58-69","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines light as a tool of architectural and lighting design and a mean of artistic expression, which creates new social messages and influences environmental objects and the architectural environment. Within the scope of the tool, techniques of artistic lighting are researched and formed, traditional and innovative lighting tools of emotional and figurative formation of the urban and architectural environment from the standpoint of artistic design are determined. Traditional means and devices are lenses, optics, developer, LED and craft lamps. Innovative means and equipment are projectors, lasers, video mapping, theatrical elements, musical accompaniment, interaction through websites and mobile devices, management of the cloud environment using system controls, copywriting based on social messages and senses. As a result of the study, light methods of artistic design were considered, specifically transformation, digital art, emotional disclosure, city landmark, keeper of history, optical metaphor, fusion with nature, and types of artistic lighting were formulated. The analysis of the examples also allowed us to determine specific types of artistic lighting and light artistic effects: functional, atmospheric, optical, media or digital, combinatorial type with shadow and caustic effects. For each type of lighting, unique techniques and means of environment organization are formulated for each of the three levels: urban, architectural and object-spatial. The usage of methods, techniques and tools is possible both combined and separately. Their harmonious implementation and usage form an emotional interactive lighting architectural and urban planning environment with its own atmosphere and rules of perception. Successful operation of certain methods and means within each of the formulated types of environment lighting could express emotionality and social messages. Their organic interaction is possible applying an artistic approach based on the combination of philosophy and social messages with aesthetics and modern technologies and that encourages social responsibility and self-organization.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125686996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Architecture prototypes of mountain tourist shelters","authors":"Youri Rotchniak, A. Honcharov","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.70-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.70-83","url":null,"abstract":"The use of the main prototypes of the architecture of tourist shelters in the mountains is investigated in this study. The origin of such prototypes is derived from similar samples in the practice of building and are their likenesses, namely: \"dugout\", \"canopy\", “alcove (gazebo)\", “cowshed (shed)”, \"hut\", “house”, “farmstead (estate)” \"hutsul cottage (hrazhda)\", \"villa\", \"inn (hotel)\", \"container\", \"shepherd`s hut (kolyba)\". At the same time, the \"dugout\", \"canopy\", “alcove (gazebo)\", \"cowshed (shed)\", as well as \"container\" each of them have their own independent tectonics based on a frame scheme by using different roofing and fencing materials. The rest of the above prototypes are rather varieties of residential buildings based primarily on solid wall and frame tectonic schemes. The buildings of mountain tourist shelters considered in this study resemble these prototypes primarily in terms of their external positioning, which create their image. Some characteristics in spatial sense such as positioning, sequence, connectivity, configuration and dimensions of the premises as well as such caracteristicse in constructive meaning as usage of materials, load-bearing capacity, design schemes, etc. refer to these prototypes in the architecture of shelters as well. The active use of prototypes was characteristic of this architecture until about the middle of the twentieth century. In recent decades, the architecture of mountain tourist shelters has been less likely to refer to building and artistic examples of the past, instead it creates new spatial, plastic, and artistic forms for these objects. This is largely due to the latest materials, designs, technologies, and unification in modeling. The actual allocation to historical prototypes concedes a daring technological approach in modeling of the architecture of mountain tourist shelters. Their remoteness from permanent residence and traditional architecture in the valley settlements seems to exempt from the duty to apply traditional forms for this type of architecture.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134059034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreign experience in the multifunctional school buildings formation","authors":"Olga Tyshkevich","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.252-263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.252-263","url":null,"abstract":"At the end of the 19th century in Western countries, the typology of school buildings began to develop rapidly. At that time, the research of architects, teachers, and the efforts of social reformers were aimed at finding a new type of school building. Social relations between school institutions and society have also undergone significant changes. In contrast to the previous paradigm, when the school was a closed institution, a new one was adopted, where the school expanded relationships with the community that lived nearby.. As a result of the education reform, which contributed to the compulsory and democratization of education, regulatory requirements for school buildings were improved in the early 1950s. In particular, for the wide use of the school by the community, the composition of general school premises was expanded and their area increased. Nowadays, multifunctional types of school buildings, which are formed on the basis of interdepartmental integration of the general secondary education institution and other institutions, have become widely used. This approach is consistent with a significant number of studies, which indicate that school buildings contribute to the improvement of the residential environment and the growth of population social activity. The change in the philosophy of the school building formation, which took place at the turn of the 20th century, has a steady tendency towards the functioning of most schools as public socio-cultural centers that provide a wide range of services.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116416473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of the architectural environment of food facilities based on an ecological approach","authors":"N. Novoselchuk, L. Shevchenko","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.202-213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.202-213","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the questions of the formation of the architectural environment are considered based on a survey based on the use of an ecological approach. This approach is one of the current trends in the development of modern architecture. The purpose of the article is to highlight methods of interaction of food objects with the natural environment. The importance of forming a new network of food facilities in the structure of the city was noted. This network must meet the requirements of the present. The formation of a network is a feature of the modern development of public catering facilities. This is subject to strict standardization and is reflected in the conceptual strategy of the institution. \u0000Today, the following types of catering facilities are highlighted: location in the city center; in the sleeping area of the city; outside the city; on highways; in recreational areas; on transport and pedestrian paths; in reconstruction conditions. In addition, new types are actively forming: placement of mobile food facilities and non-standard location. \u0000Today, the use of an ecological approach in the design of food establishments is the most relevant and in demand. Selected methods of interaction of food objects with the natural environment. These techniques include integration with vegetation, water, terrain, and polarization. The role of the phytoenvironment as an important component of the architectural solution of food facilities is noted. Phytoenvironment is formed on the basis of landscape design tools. \u0000Thus, at the present stage there is a need for a critical analysis of the aspects of the formation of the architectural environment of public housing facilities, the improvement of the network and their location in the structure of the city. This should be done taking into account new socio-economic and cultural factors. The use of an ecological approach in the design of institutions is a relevant component of the formation of the architecture of these objects.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134629878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of adaptation of the architectural environment of transportation infrastructure for people with disabilities","authors":"Valerii Urenev, S. Storozhuk, Oleksandr Ovsiankin","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.264-277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.264-277","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the problems of adapting the architectural environment of the transport infrastructure for people with disabilities. One of the tasks of modern urban planning and architecture is the creation of a humane barrier-free environment. When designing transport infrastructure objects, namely modern multimodal complexes, it is necessary to create equal conditions for receiving services for all categories of the population. People with disabilities in our country, unfortunately, do not have the opportunity to lead a full-fledged lifestyle due to infrastructural limitations. Moreover, after the war, the number of less mobile population groups will increase and will consist mostly of still young, active and ambitious people, full of desire to live and develop, and who will look for the possibility of affordable movement for their own fulfillment. Due to the existing aggressive urban environment with many obstacles, people with disabilities have practically become prisoners of their apartments and houses, which provokes depression, domestic conflicts, and prevents them from exercising their desire to be full members of society. Therefore, in a modern city, it is especially important to support the desire of people with disabilities to live actively and overcome the difficulties that life and war have put before them. For this, first of all, it is necessary to develop \"accessible\" transport for people with limited mobility, its accompanying environment, and also to ensure that there are no insurmountable obstacles on the way to them. The article presents an analysis of the legislative framework of Ukraine, which describes measures implemented since 2014 by the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine together with the National Assembly of People with Disabilities of Ukraine. The main requirements, which must be observed by projects of transport facilities and measures aimed at the organization of unhindered receipt of services, are indicated.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127662101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scenario-based models of architecture objects for main streets","authors":"S. Buravchenko","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.14-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.14-31","url":null,"abstract":"The formulation of the problem - the design of main streets is problematic because their construction and reconstruction is carried out by separate objects, often without taking into account the overall composition of the street, without the need to organize orientation when moving in transport or create an aesthetic sequence. \u0000Publications related to the composition of main and main streets mainly cover the period of their active design as integral objects and are limited to purely theoretical questions regarding visual perception. At the same time, the development of visualization makes it possible to present the scenario of opening the street in real time. \u0000The purpose of this publication is to define and justify the scenario models of the organization of the main street based on the interpretation of art forms unfolding in time, as well as additional methods of specifying the requirements for background and accent buildings of the main streets. \u0000The novelty of the publication lies in the interpretation of the main street as an object of scenario organization, the classification of scenarios based on prototypes, and the specification of requirements for characteristic types of second-order architectural objects - individual buildings and complexes. \u0000Research methods are based on the analysis of the perception of the composition of the street as a whole, and individual parts, which at the same time can be objects of other spaces or \"nested\" urban structures. \u0000The result of the study is the systematization of second-order architectural objects and the requirements for them related to their role in the composition of the main street. \u0000Methodical approaches and models of architectural objects are revealed, depending on the requirements for their visual perception. \u0000In further research, the author intends to conduct an analysis of the combination in certain spaces of requirements for the perception of traffic and pedestrians, the principles of differentiation of spaces for different conditions of use.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124914450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The little-known architectural heritage of Vasily Krichevsky: features of research, preservation and restoration","authors":"Denуs Vitchenko","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.3-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.3-13","url":null,"abstract":"In article is devoted to the architectural work of Vasyl Krychevsky – an outstanding Ukrainian architect, artist, art critic and teacher of the late 19th – first half of the 20th century. The founder of the new Ukrainian architecture with a pronounced national identity. A detailed analysis of publications devoted to the architectural work of Krichevsky is given. The article highlights two periods of the architect's creativity according to the degree of creative freedom and four periods of creativity according to the place of stay and activity. In the period of the creative development of the architect, three architectural workshops were identified, in which Krichevsky gained experience in life and honed his skills. The style of architectural objects at different periods of Krichevsky's work is characterized. Seven main prerequisites for the architect's form-building searches have been identified. The author's terminology has been introduced to designate the tools of shaping an architectural object with signs of Ukrainian traditional originality – \"patterns of Ukrainian originality\", which include \"patterns of form\" and \"patterns of morphogenesis\". And also \"new creation\" - a new architectural object, which is the result of the use of \"patterns of form\" with the help of \"patterns of morphogenesis\". The evolution of the architectural image of objects by Krichevsky in the direction of functionality and rationality, which took place in 1920-1930, is noted. under the influence of social and political changes. The little-known architectural objects by Vasil Krichevsky are highlighted, the features of their study are revealed, the ways of their preservation, restoration and restoration are outlined. A graphic reconstruction of the facades of the Vasil Krichevsky mansion in Kharkov is presented - the only architectural object in Ukraine, which was designed by Krichevsky and belonged to his family. The importance of publications about the architect for involving the public in the preservation and restoration of the little-known architectural heritage of Vasil Krichevsky was noted.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124621954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free compositions in contemporary architecture","authors":"Glib Ushakov","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.84-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.84-94","url":null,"abstract":"The article summarizes the features of free compositions based on the experience of modern world architecture, which, together with other methods, bring the scope of possibilities of modern architectural composition beyond traditional principles. It is proposed to divide the architectural compositions according to orderliness into the following classes: ordered composition; free composition; a combination of ordered and free composition. The features of free compositions are considered: complexity, diversity, the absence of a simple and clear regularity of the arrangement of parts. A free composition is perceived as a complex, spatial, diverse collection of parts and surfaces. Peculiarities of perception and awareness of free compositions, which differ from perception and awareness of traditional ordered compositions, are analyzed. \u0000Examples of modern buildings created on the basis of free compositions are given. The main trend of modern architecture, where free compositions were introduced, is deconstructivism. However, architects working in other trends and creative approaches also used free compositions. The substantiation of this powerful phenomenon, realized in significant buildings, is based on the creativity of such modern architects as: Günter Behnisch, Frank Gehry, Toyo Ito, Rem Koolhaas, Daniel Libeskind, Eric Owen Moss, Thom Mayne, Wolf Dieter Prix, Zaha Hadid etc. \u0000An approximate generalization of methodical approaches to the creation of free compositions is proposed: free compositions based on a combination of various volumes; free compositions based on the combination of various fragments of surfaces; free compositions based on complex surfaces with various sections; physically variable free compositions (transformation of facade systems or parts of the building); illusory and variable free compositions (media facades installed on surfaces or external projection systems, holographic systems); free compositions based on the use of means of alternative materiality (transparent surfaces, mirror surfaces, light forms, forms from streams of water or steam, etc.).","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134564528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical and urban-planing development оf the Pryvokzalnii district of Chernivtsi","authors":"Anatolii Dovganiuk","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.105-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.105-125","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the territorial development of the Pryvokzalnii district of the city in the Austro-Hungarian, Romanian, and Soviet periods of the development of the city of Chernivtsi. The development of the streets of the Pryvokzalnii district, which to some extent, was included in the list of architectural monuments of local importance, was considered. The urban planning documentation of the city was analyzed, and the project of the detailed plan of the Pryvokzalnii district, which was developed during the Soviet period, was considered. \u0000In 1972, the Lviv Branch of the Ukrainian State Urban Planning Institute \"Mistoproject\" developed a detailed planning project for the Pryvokzalnii district of Chernivtsi. \u0000The projected district is located in the close proximity to the central and northern industrial districts of the city and is intended for resettlement of workers employed at enterprises located in these districts. \u0000The territory which is covered by the detailed planning project, has a complex topography. Due to the great steepness of the slopes and the presence of landslides, a large part of the territory is unsuitable for residential and public buildings and could only be used for the creation of green massifs. \u0000There area number of industrial enterprises on the territory of the district. The most significant of them are a shoe and a brewery factories located in its northeastern part along Haharin Street. Near the railway station on Nikitin Street there was a site of a winery, knitting and hosiery factories. \u0000The city-wide main road passes through the district - Haharin Street, on which the main connection of the right-bank and left-bank districts of the city is carried out via the bridge to the Prut River, as well as access to external routes - settlements of neighbouring districts of the region. \u0000Project architectural and planning organization of the territory - the main principles of the planning and spatial solution of the district are determined by its location and scale in the system of other entities of the city, the specificity of natural conditions and the order of development of the territory. \u0000The quarter of the new development, located in an amphitheatre facing Haharin Street, in combination with high-rise accents located on the most exposed areas and completing the axial perspectives of the main thoroughfares, will naturally fit into the existing landscape of the planned area. \u0000The project paid great attention to solving the silhouette formation of the district both from the side of the main entrances to the city and from its central part. \u0000The new building according to the project is located on a high terrace of the Prut River in combination with an interesting and diverse landscape of the territory, should form and significantly enrich the silhouette of the entire city. \u0000For this purpose, the project envisaged the construction of several groups of high-rise buildings and service complexes in the most exposed areas of th","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132865726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The brutalism in of sacred space formation","authors":"L. Gnatiuk","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.32-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.32-43","url":null,"abstract":"The architectural styles of the second half of the 20th century are analyzed, in particular, brutalism, which was the result of a negative assessment of the situation in the culture of the late 19th century. Opinions of leading theorists of culture are presented. Features characteristic of the culture of the end of the century are presented. \u0000The architecture of sacred structures built according to the principle of engineering science is considered. It is determined that created objects. It was found that many attitudes and formulas can be associated with the concept of brutalism in sacred architecture. In particular, that in its development brutalism became more and more susceptible to the influence of selected artistic traditions and drew inspiration from pre-war expressionism, Soviet constructivism, the late works of Le Corbusier, as well as the existentialist atmosphere of Nigel Henderson's photography and Edward's sculpture. \u0000The view is presented that brutalism was the result of industrial development and the popularity of ideologies that appealed to the lower social classes. Despite this, the author did not avoid obvious eccentricity, the desire to make the building unique and even some cruelty in the expression and beauty of the opera performance. The latter aspiration is connected with the departure of brutalism from leftist sympathies to the ideologies of the middle class and consumer society. \u0000The forms of individual sacred structures and ways of organizing their interiors in brutalist forms are analyzed. \u0000The use of the metaphorical language of architecture based on visual human products and their iconographic distinguishing features is considered. \u0000The need to take into account the relationship between certain forms and messages through which they are transmitted in the shaping of the sacred space has been revealed. \u0000The trends in the shaping of sacred space in the 20th century, the role of local traditions and natural materials are revealed.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130693701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}