The little-known architectural heritage of Vasily Krichevsky: features of research, preservation and restoration

Abstract

In article is devoted to the architectural work of Vasyl Krychevsky – an outstanding Ukrainian architect, artist, art critic and teacher of the late 19th – first half of the 20th century. The founder of the new Ukrainian architecture with a pronounced national identity. A detailed analysis of publications devoted to the architectural work of Krichevsky is given. The article highlights two periods of the architect's creativity according to the degree of creative freedom and four periods of creativity according to the place of stay and activity. In the period of the creative development of the architect, three architectural workshops were identified, in which Krichevsky gained experience in life and honed his skills. The style of architectural objects at different periods of Krichevsky's work is characterized. Seven main prerequisites for the architect's form-building searches have been identified. The author's terminology has been introduced to designate the tools of shaping an architectural object with signs of Ukrainian traditional originality – "patterns of Ukrainian originality", which include "patterns of form" and "patterns of morphogenesis". And also "new creation" - a new architectural object, which is the result of the use of "patterns of form" with the help of "patterns of morphogenesis". The evolution of the architectural image of objects by Krichevsky in the direction of functionality and rationality, which took place in 1920-1930, is noted. under the influence of social and political changes. The little-known architectural objects by Vasil Krichevsky are highlighted, the features of their study are revealed, the ways of their preservation, restoration and restoration are outlined. A graphic reconstruction of the facades of the Vasil Krichevsky mansion in Kharkov is presented - the only architectural object in Ukraine, which was designed by Krichevsky and belonged to his family. The importance of publications about the architect for involving the public in the preservation and restoration of the little-known architectural heritage of Vasil Krichevsky was noted.