MODERN TRENDS IN THE FORMATION OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL MUSEUMS

Abstract

The article discusses the historical background and progressive processes of universalization and expansion of exclusively museum functions and the transformation of museums into a hub, similar to a transport hub that combines objects of different functions. According to the World Council of Museums (ICOM), there are more than 55 thousand museums in the world. The leaders among them are art museums – the Louvre (Paris, France), the Metropolitan (New York, USA) and the British Museum (London, UK). Ukrainian museums also have great cultural potential and are among the top ten countries in Europe in terms of the number of works of art available. At the same time, more than 90% of the cultural and creative artistic component of Ukraine is without the possibility of use and exposure. It has been revealed that a modern museum should strive for development, not be afraid to go beyond the existing museum space, and also expand its functional scope through the use of a modern architectural and planning organization with flexible structures. Consistently considering the features of the functioning of museums in different historical periods, it was revealed that the dependence of strategies for relating to the past has changed the perception of a museum object and museum structure. Accordingly, the typology of museum spaces was made or destroyed. So, it is determined that starting from the 70s of the XX century. there was a rethinking of the approaches to the formation of the space of museums, which contributed to the solution of social and communication problems and the transformation of the role of museums in society. The given examples from domestic and foreign experience in designing, building, operating museums refer to the continuous process of architectural creativity.