Current problems of architecture and urban planning最新文献

{"title":"The influence of the climate of the urbanized territory and the main parameters of building","authors":"O. Zhukova, N. Nehoda","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.119-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.119-128","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the peculiarities of the organization of the urbanized territory, the influence of the territory on changes in climatic parameters, the protection of buildings from negative weather phenomena and the extension of the service life, the influence of anthropogenic and natural nature. \u0000The research method is the main problem of construction in urbanized areas – protection and improvement of the environment, increasing the service life of buildings and structures. An urbanized area can have a significant impact on changing climatic parameters, in particular on increasing air temperature and higher humidity. This is influenced by various factors, such as intensive construction, traffic flows, emissions of harmful substances, use of air conditioners and other devices. One of the important aspects of the urbanized area is to ensure its effective protection from negative weather phenomena. Buildings located in urban areas often experience significant damage from natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, winds, and other weather phenomena. One of the possible solutions is the introduction of new construction technologies that provide a high level of protection of buildings against these phenomena. These aspects are the main part of the design and planning work at all stages of the design and operation of the city territory. This is a problem of increasing the effectiveness of forecasting the consequences of climate change for the natural environment and society. The biggest issue in the study and prediction of climate change is the question of the causes that cause these changes. \u0000Conducted studies have shown that modern construction standards, with the allocation of insufficient attention to the natural and climatic influence on construction and structures. Usually uses typical construction projects throughout the country. Thus, the emergence of a research issue necessitated the structuring of the main climatic indicators that have an impact on the urbanized area. Based on this, a method of balancing the negative impact of climatic parameters is proposed. \u0000The use of architectural and climatic analysis from architectural climatology makes it possible to balance climatic conditions at the design stage with the help of architectural and urban planning and engineering solutions.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132631916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems and prospects of the revival of coastal water transport in the Northern Black sea of Ukraine","authors":"S. Storozhuk, M. Lysachenko","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.157-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.157-169","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the problems and prospects of the revival of coastal water transport in the Northern Black Sea Coast of Ukraine. One of the main features of seaside cities is the use of water transport, which is one of the oldest forms of transport and remained the most important until the advent of transcontinental railways in the second half of the 19th century. Small hydrofoils were widely used on the territory of the Odesa coast, and the restoration of these routes and infrastructure will bring undeniable benefits. At the moment, a limited number of vessels are operating. The main reason for the restoration of this type of transport is the extreme necessity due to the destruction of bridges and railway junctions along the coastal zone of Ukraine due to the bombings of the Russian Armed Forces. It will take a lot of time and money to restore bridges and crossings throughout the country, so an alternative in the form of the SPK can help restore connections between all southern regions of Ukraine and the Black Sea near abroad. Although there are not many factories for the production of this type of ships, there are enough of them around the world, buying them is faster and easier than building bridges with the complete restoration of the entire infrastructure, as well as its demining. \u0000The article presents the history of the use of small vessels on hydrofoils, gives an example of the restoration of seasonal water traffic on the route Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi – Ovidiopol settlement – Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, as an alternative to the destroyed bridge in Zatoka. Considered the history of the construction of a railway-car bridge between two torn parts of the Budak spit (1955) so that it would not be necessary to travel an extra 40 kilometers along the perimeter of the Dniester estuary from the extreme south of Odesa region – Vylkove, Kiliya, Izmail, in the direction of Odesa. An analysis of the latest research and publications in the field of urban planning, economics, organization of tourist transportation, etc. was made.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131947388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Principles of sustainable development in family leisure centers","authors":"O. Oliynyk, Mariia Tokar","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.236-250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.236-250","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the principles of sustainable development, which dictate new approaches and tools for the design of modern multifunctional family leisure centers in the conditions of a metropolis. The study is aimed at determining the approaches and principles that must be used in the modern architecture of family leisure centers in order to meet global demand and the requirements of sustainable development, which are guided by the UN and other world public organizations. The use of ecological and energy-saving means in the process of designing multifunctional family leisure centers, aimed at achieving the durability of buildings, reducing operating costs, reducing the cost of construction, influencing the awareness of the population about reducing the level of pollution, is based on ecological principles and careful management of natural resources and autonomy. \u0000The new challenges of time and the high rhythm of life in cities require in the future an increase in the quality and number of recreation places, facilities for recovery and spending time together, namely multifunctional family leisure centers. Meanwhile, high standards and requirements for the design and architecture of new buildings, dictated by the principles of sustainable development, require new design, engineering, innovative solutions and approaches. The world began to change more rapidly in the last 30 years, and its population must quickly adapt to new conditions. At the same time, there are some things that do not change or change very little: the insolation of the sun, the speed of the wind, the physical characteristics of concrete and metal, and others. \u0000Thus, architects can create buildings and projects using modern technologies, principles and tools of sustainable development, and as a result, these projects can be durable and can be called sustainable. There are many systems for assessing the sustainability of buildings around the world. In addition to the US Green Building Council, which administers the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Efficiency (LEED) system, there are other rating systems that have been developed to measure the level of sustainability of buildings and provide best practice experiences with the highest level of certification.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133224935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors in the formation of the planning organization of medical institutions","authors":"Vladyslava Radchenko","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.226-235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.226-235","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the definition of factors that influence the process of creating an organizational and planning structure of medical institutions. \u0000The purpose of the publication is to determine the complex of factors that influence the formation of spatial solutions, to consider their interrelationship and interdependence, as well as their assessment when ensuring the design of medical facilities. Each group of factors, being in a constant relationship and interdependence, represents a set of different conditions, due to which the degree of their influence varies depending on the specified case of use. \u0000In designing hospitals, the formation of their structure depends on many factors, in particular, such circumstances as the number of patients, type of hospital, technological requirements, technological requirements, local building and urban planning regulations, budget, and location should be taken into account. \u0000The specified circumstances may affect the specifics of the design of a specific medical institution, taking into account its specific location and functional purpose. At the same time, they are subject to the general factors (external and internal) of the design of health care facilities. \u0000The article identified external and internal factors in the design of health care facilities. External factors have a direct impact on the spatial and territorial placement of medical institutions in the structure of the city, and also affect the architectural and planning organization of the medical institution. Internal factors affecting the architectural and planning organization of medical institutions usually determine the organizational structure of institutions of this type, subject to all levels of the medical rehabilitation process. \u0000On the basis of the research, it is concluded that the specified factors, being in a constant relationship and interdependence, exert a systemic influence on the formation of the volumetric and spatial solution of health care institutions, which varies depending on the specified cases of their application.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121847582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods of researching the state of historical buildings energy efficiency","authors":"T. Kashchenko, Roksolana Kolisnyk","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.282-290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.282-290","url":null,"abstract":"While rebuilding post-war Ukraine, there will be a need to introduce historical buildings into the discourse of energy-efficient improvements both to ensure the energy security of the country and to preserve the historical fund and increase its potential in the context of prospects. The process of energy-efficient reintegration of a historical building requires the use of complex methods for collecting information about the current state of the building, which include both historical and social history collection, as well as non-invasive measurements of the building's characteristics, as well as object modeling for analytical studies of the building's indicators. These studies are conducted to establish the energy-economic characteristics of the building in order to identify the potential for reducing energy consumption and minimizing the impact of the building on the environment. \u0000Methods of researching the current state of historical buildings energy efficiency are determined by two principled approaches, which involve either direct measurement of building characteristics, or simulation of an analytical model to calculate indicators, based on parametric data and characteristics of the building environment. However, they are preceded by the collection of the building`s historical anamnesis, to understand the context, essence and processes that historically took place in the building and affect the current energy consumption. A careful analysis and a balanced understanding of the historical building is required to set goals for the ongoing renovation of the historical building for the further selection of innovative solutions and energy-efficient strategies.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127916326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LANDSCAPE AND SPATIAL FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON THE MEDIA FORMATION OF ARCHITECTURE AND CITY SPACES OF LVIV","authors":"M. Parneta","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2022.64.105-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2022.64.105-118","url":null,"abstract":"Media formation as an informative essence of architecture and urban spaces is formed under the influence of a number of factors. Throughout history, the landscape has always been a determining factor in creation of an architectural environment, therefore landscape and spatial factors are primary ones for the media formation of architecture and spaces. The media formation of the landscape directly relates to its ability to influence on human consciousness. The identification and systematization of landscape and spatial factors allow us to set up criterias for their influence on the media formation of architecture and urban spaces. In order to find out the role of landscape and spatial factors on the media formation of urban spaces, their analysis was carried out on the example of Lviv city. The assessment of the interrelationships of the landscape and spatial factors of Lviv's environment with its media formation was carried out on the basis of a multidimensional matrix of interrelationships, which made it possible to determine the main informative identifiers of the city's spaces. It was determined that the natural components of Lviv landscape (relief, water network, greenery) establish the natural and aesthetic potential of the urban environment, and the characteristics of anthropogenic elements (planning and functional city structure, silhouette of the city) strengthen them. The complex action of natural and anthropogenic landscape and spatial factors creates the physical and mental media formation of the city that consists in the uniqueness of Lviv's character and ensures its recognizability.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124786177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS","authors":"Vladyslava Radchenko","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2022.64.284-294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2022.64.284-294","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the consideration of the process of formation and development of architectural solutions in the field of designing medical institutions, determining the basic laws and outlining trends in design solutions in this industry. \u0000Based on the study, the most important trends in the historical genesis of the design of medical institutions are characterized, which include the following: the formation of the principles of territorial placement of hospitals in an urban environment or outside an urbanized cell; determination of the basic characteristics of the formation of a master plan for the development of the territory of a medical institution, the basis of which is the close relationship of the object with the natural environment and active use in the processes of treatment and rehabilitation; structuring the organization of hospital buildings in the form of mandatory distribution of patients by type of disease, and, accordingly, differentiation of individual buildings and premises by accessibility, methods of handling patients, staff and visitors; formation of two main typological models of hospital building design: hall (wide elongated hall with side lighting, with beds near the walls and the aisle in the middle) and corridor (small-sized rooms on one or both sides of the corridor); creation of architectural projects aimed at overcoming the fear of patients due to the widespread use of glass and natural materials in the design of facades, natural lighting systems in the interior, the use of multi-level atriums with rich natural light. \u0000So, in the article, based on the analysis of the process of formation and development of architectural solutions in the field of design of medical institutions, the main patterns were characterized and the trends of design solutions in this industry were outlined, which led to the formation of stable typological models of medical buildings.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"366 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116323127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PATTERNS OF THE FORMATION OF RURAL PUBLIC BUILDING IN MODERN CONDITIONS OF DEVELOPMENT","authors":"Ihor Danchak, O. Silnyk","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2022.64.261-272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2022.64.261-272","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the peculiarities of the formation of public buildings in rural settlements and directions of its development. The processes of the formation of the village space, dictated by the factors of culture, society, mentality and traditions over several decades, are highlighted. This architecture is distinguished by a special character filled with natural and climatic features, close to the landscape of the area, accordingly, the optimal consideration of natural factors completely solves most of the operational processes. The public building of the village has a content dictated also by functional features, and its presence gives an opportunity to improve the cultural and household, service side of its residents. The development of rural areas depends to a large extent on the level of provision of social standards at the same time as the availability of housing and energy supply. The relevance of the study is substantiated by the identification of the features of public buildings in rural settlements, their nomenclature and layout, the regularity of arrangement by type of building in terms of the nature of the settlement and the requests of its residents. The research methodology consists of real-time studies of the construction of Ukrainian villages, analysis of the formed planning, geopolitical and social infrastructure, analysis of scientific publications in the field of economics, urbanism and social transformations of rural settlements. \u0000The architecture of the Ukrainian village has its own character and its own aesthetic motives dictated by a number of factors. The history of the village of western Ukraine dates back more than one century, and the layering of experience provides the basis for further development. Public buildings - administrative, cultural and household buildings have an important role in the life of the community, but it is still at the stage of formation. The political and economic situation in the country today dictates new conditions for the full functioning of citizens. Standardization of public buildings in the village is currently imperfect. The insufficient number of studies and the rapid pace of transformation of the urban planning system provide space for further work on the analysis of existing buildings and their renovation. \u0000The study of the existing infrastructure and the needs of the population highlights clear directions for the improvement of the rural environment by minimizing costs in construction and further operation of buildings. Administrative and cultural and household institutions need space compaction due to the multi-functionality of the environment, taking into account current operational needs. The situation that has developed in Ukraine dictates a number of requirements for the conversion of educational and medical institutions in order to increase the level of safety and service of various population groups, which requires the search for effective solutions also in the design of ","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"42 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132195104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROBLEM ISSUES OF THE FUNCTIONING OF PUBLIC FINANCES DURING THE WAR","authors":"N. Denysenko","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2022.64.41-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2022.64.41-52","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the current issues of planning and budget development during the war, the functioning of state finances, the components of the military economy as a multi-sectoral complex, and the mechanisms of financing the military economy in modern conditions. The main modern trends in the sphere of public finances of Ukraine are considered. A comparison is made with the world experience of the functioning of military state finances. The financial consequences in the countries affected by the war are analyzed. \u0000Military finance is a special part of state finances, the main link of which is the military budget. The military budget is part of the State budget of the country. The article examines the world experience of the budgetary process during the war. \u0000The structure of military finances and its main elements are analyzed: the military budget, sources of income generation and spending, military borrowing, military purchases, finances of interstate military groups, foreign military aid, military defense orders, military levies, and others. \u0000The classification of military costs, which are divided into direct, indirect and hidden, is generalized. In turn, direct military expenses are divided into current and capital expenses. \u0000The article emphasizes that there are three main sources of funding for military spending: printing money, increasing taxes, and borrowing. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these sources of financing are analyzed. Analysis of the functioning of military finances in the leading countries of the world during the wars of the 20th century revealed the main trends. Most countries increased the tax rates of individuals, did not use the provision of state grants to support small businesses, tried to keep the share of monetary emission among sources of financing no more than 20%, used internal state borrowing to attract funds. \u0000Military bonds are considered as a kind of investment tool to support the state budget. Military bonds are separate issues of domestic state loan bonds from the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine during martial law. The conditions for issuing state military bonds are summarized.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"95 28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129195733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SELECTION OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE LABOR-INTENSIVENESS OF THE PROCESS OF INSTALLATION OF STRUCTURAL PLATES COVERING SINGLE-STORY BUILDINGS","authors":"Y. Sobko, Y. Novak","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2022.64.343-350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2022.64.343-350","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical provisions on the formation of rational structural and technological solutions for the installation and dismantling of structural slabs with simultaneous assembly and disassembly of columns allow to improve the quality of the educational process by introducing it into the educational process. \u0000In accordance with the developed research methodology, the assumption that there should be structural and technological solutions for the installation of structural plates, which will meet the following criteria: accelerated speed of construction of single-story buildings, minimal labor intensity, increased reliability and accuracy, technical and technological possibility as an installation of structural plates, is accepted as a working hypothesis. slabs, as well as the dismantling of buildings without damaging the structures while preserving the possibility of their further use. \u0000The ranking of options for structural and technological solutions for the installation of structural plates was carried out according to efficiency criteria, taking into account the influence of factors according to the expert evaluation method according to the criteria of labor intensity, duration and cost of the process when assessing the reliability and quality of the processes. The technological process was considered in a full cycle, starting from factory production, transport operations, and ending with the erection of all structures in the volume determined by the task. \u0000The structure of the factors was considered in order to select them for further research. In accordance with the given methodology of numerical standardization of the labor intensity and duration of processes, the main factors were those that affect the number of actions, taking into account the movement of installers to certain distances, and those that affect the responsibility for the accuracy and reliability of the positioning of the mounted elements.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134194108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}