{"title":"Analyzing the Contextualization of English Translations of Sanguo Yanyi: Exploring the Portrayal of Liu Bei's Image through Translation","authors":"Xinyu Chang, Hui Tan, Juan Wang","doi":"10.21013/jems.v19.n4.p4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jems.v19.n4.p4","url":null,"abstract":"Sanguo Yanyi, as an original Chinese episodic novel, has captivated numerous readers with its grand narrative, formidable characters, and gripping portrayal of war. Not only has this epic tale gained immense popularity within China, but it has also crossed borders and been translated into English in three distinct versions. The first translation, undertaken by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor in 1925, was shaped by the specific historical and cultural context of its time. This was followed by Moss Roberts' translation in 1991, and most recently, Yu Sumei's in 2014. Each translation bears its own unique characteristics influenced by their respective historical and cultural backgrounds. Through a combined quantitative and qualitative approach, this research delves into the translation of Liu Bei's image as a case study, aiming to explore the impact of historical and cultural contexts on the English adaptation of Sanguo Yanyi. The findings of this study will not only contribute to a deeper understanding of the dissemination and representation of Chinese culture but also provide valuable insights for future endeavours within this field.","PeriodicalId":266719,"journal":{"name":"IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139212285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marriage is Shackle: Alcott’s Sobered and Muddled View of Women in Little Women","authors":"Qiu Minghui","doi":"10.21013/jems.v19.n4.p3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jems.v19.n4.p3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><em>Little Women </em>is a classic work of literature that has captivated readers for generations. It tells the story of four sisters who grow up during the Civil War era in America and explores their struggles with poverty, societal expectations, and their own personal desires. While the book is celebrated for its portrayal of strong female characters and their self-awareness, it also highlights the limitations and one-sidedness of women’s consciousness awakening, particularly with regard to the view of marriage. Alcott’s progressive female thoughts are evident, as she portrays women who are determined to carve out their own paths and not be solely defined by their marital status. However, at the same time, there is an underlying sentiment of traditional gender roles and the idealization of marriage, which limits the full expression of a woman’s agency. This dependence on men is further reinforced by the societal norms and beliefs surrounding marriage during that time, such as portraying it as the ultimate goal of a woman’s life.</p>","PeriodicalId":266719,"journal":{"name":"IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing the Quality of Teaching at Afghanistan Universities","authors":"Mir Amin Mirzad, Mawluddin Noori","doi":"10.21013/jems.v19.n4.p2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jems.v19.n4.p2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current paper is a quantitative study in which we used a survey instrument to gather data regarding teaching quality at Afghanistan universities. The purpose of this study is to identify the quality of teaching of university lecturers at Afghanistan universities. The data for this study was collected from university students through an online questionnaire containing the questions designed by the Ministry of Higher Education plus a questionnaire used by an internationally supported educational organization. The data was analyzed using the Excel program. The findings show that the quality of teaching at Afghanistan universities is satisfactory. As well as the participants have had a positive perspective regarding university teachers’ teaching.</p>","PeriodicalId":266719,"journal":{"name":"IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Liu Bei's Image in the English Versions of Sanguo Yanyi: A Perspective on Poetry Translation","authors":"Zan Xu, Juan Wang","doi":"10.21013/jems.v19.n4.p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jems.v19.n4.p1","url":null,"abstract":"<em>Sanguo Yanyi</em>, a Chinese classical historical novel, contains a total of 207 poems. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the portrayal of Liu Bei in the English translations of the novel from the perspective of poetry translation. By examining the translations by Brewitt-Taylor and Moss Roberts, we aim to explore the nuances and variations in Liu Bei's image as portrayed in the poems. Selected examples are analyzed to highlight Liu Bei's image characteristics, including his adeptness, benevolent nature, and ambitious demeanor. The translations are compared in terms of their focus on readability versus fidelity to the original text. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the interpretation and representation of Liu Bei's character in English-language adaptations of Sanguo Yanyi, shedding light on the challenges and possibilities of poetry translation in a historical and cultural context.","PeriodicalId":266719,"journal":{"name":"IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strategies for Constructing Liu Bei’s Image in English Translations of Sanguo Yanyi","authors":"Hui Tan, Xinyu Chang, Juan Wang","doi":"10.21013/jems.v19.n3.p4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jems.v19.n3.p4","url":null,"abstract":"<em>Sanguo Yanyi</em>, an eminent and impactful ancient historical novel, has achieved considerable recognition and holds perpetual allure. Currently, there exist three English translations of Sanguo Yanyi, originating from different historical periods. In this paper, we focus on the character image of Liu Bei, employing it as a case study to analyze and compare the translation methods employed in these three translations. The aim is to scrutinize the translation strategies that effectively convey the portrayal of character images.","PeriodicalId":266719,"journal":{"name":"IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study of the Evolution of Zhuge Liang’s Image in English Versions of Sanguo Yanyi from the Perspective of Retranslation Hypothesis","authors":"Mingzhu Huang, Lifeng Gu, Juan Wang","doi":"10.21013/jems.v19.n3.p3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jems.v19.n3.p3","url":null,"abstract":"Sanguo Yanyi, one of the renowned masterpieces in Chinese literature, has been translated into over twenty other languages, including three complete English translations produced separately in the 1920s, 1990s and 2010s. Throughout the historical process of these English translations, it has been observed that the character portrayals vary due to different social and cultural backgrounds. This research focuses specifically on the character of Zhuge Liang and aims to examine the evolution of his portrayal by comparing the strategies employed by translators in these three English translations. Adopting a diachronic perspective, the study collects descriptions of Zhuge Liang’s image from each translation and explores the underlying reasons for the differences in his image construction. The findings not only shed light on the evolution of Zhuge Liang’s image but also confirm the supplementarity nature of the retranslation hypothesis. By revealing how social and cultural factors influence character interpretation, this study enhances our understanding of the intricate relationship between translation and the construction of literary characters","PeriodicalId":266719,"journal":{"name":"IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125655565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Analysis of the Linguistic Features of English Advertisements: A Case Study of Inclusion & Diversity-Open by Apple Inc.","authors":"Yang Ming, Yongle Zhong","doi":"10.21013/jems.v19.n3.p2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jems.v19.n3.p2","url":null,"abstract":"Advertisements permeate various aspects of our daily lives, and people often employ them to achieve a range of objectives, such as marketing and appeal. This article will examine an advertisement Inclusion & Diversity-Open, released by Apple. Inc, as the subject of this study, aims to analyze its linguistic features from four perspectives: writing techniques, lexical features, syntactic features, and rhetorical devices. Additionally, based on this ad, the author gives a profound reflection, urging each individual to work together to achieve diversity and inclusivity.","PeriodicalId":266719,"journal":{"name":"IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126408427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Loopholes and Plugging the Loopholes: An Investigation of the Incidents of Attending a University or College by Means of Fraudulence","authors":"Liang Jiaxin, Z. Yuhui, Gao Yuxuan","doi":"10.21013/jems.v19.n3.p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jems.v19.n3.p1","url":null,"abstract":"The incident of “attending a University or college by the means of Fraudulence” has not only trampled on the bottom line of educational fairness and social justice but also the dignity of national laws and administrative regulations. There are three main reasons for the repeated occurrence of “attending a college by the means of Fraudulence”: firstly, the lack of strict audit in the admission process of college entrance examination; secondly, the lack of strict review in the admission process of college freshmen; thirdly, the lack of strict supervision in the cultivation process of college talents. In order to effectively prevent the recurrence of the incident of “attending a University or college by the means of Fraudulence”, education administration should join with universities and social third-party organizations to plug the loopholes in the admission process of college entrance examination with systematic audit mechanism, the loopholes in the admission process of new students in universities with systematic review mechanism, and the loopholes in the cultivation of talents in universities with systematic supervision mechanism.","PeriodicalId":266719,"journal":{"name":"IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":"650 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122958820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Framework for Identifying Research Gaps for Future Academic Research","authors":"Ragneel Chand","doi":"10.21013/jems.v19.n2.p12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jems.v19.n2.p12","url":null,"abstract":"Wang, Wang, Chen, and Yang (2016) defined research gaps as a region where the ability to infer a particular question is constrained by a lack of knowledge. It is an area where the methods and insufficient research data have limited the capacity to get to a fully reliable judgment on a research subject. Therefore, academics need to situate their objectives in the research gap of the subject field. Particularly research gaps are those research questions that have not been addressed properly beforehand. This not only indicates the study's relevancy but also the considerable contribution it could bring to the field of study (Issah, Hamza, & Prosper, 2022). According to Ajemba and Arene (2022) posing questions and finding new research areas based on previous studies are the first steps in doing research. The limitations of the study's design, the use of inadequate instruments, or other factors that the researcher could or could not control led to the development of a research gap. For new and inexperienced researchers, it might be challenging to explore the research gap due to a limited amount of criteria or established methodologies, making research gap analysis confusing and equivocal. For example, if the researcher is investigating a broad region and then going to pick a more specific field might contribute to the description of a statement of the problem. This study's goal is to offer a methodology for determining research gaps. It will make recommendations based on each aspect of the research gap analysis framework.","PeriodicalId":266719,"journal":{"name":"IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124972510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subjective Well-Being and Trait Gratitude Among Chinese University Postgraduates","authors":"Yongle Zhong, Yang Ming","doi":"10.21013/jems.v19.n2.p11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jems.v19.n2.p11","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present study was to explore whether trait gratitude correlates with subjective well-being (SWB) among Chinese university postgraduates as well as gender and only-child differences in the mean scores on measures of SWB and gratitude. A sample of 50 Chinese postgraduates participated in the research including the measurements of trait gratitude and subjective well-being. The findings indicate that gratitude was not associated with all items of SWB. However, the results find that gratitude was significantly and negatively correlated to negative affect, besides, satisfaction with life was positively correlated to the lack of deprivation and the gratitude to society. And the level of gratitude could be different in terms of gender and only child. The results indicate that female and not only-child reported higher levels of gratitude in comparison with male and only-child postgraduates respectively.","PeriodicalId":266719,"journal":{"name":"IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129831224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}