Dindet Steve Evanes Koffi Teki , Hajeeth Thankappan , Matthieu Pélingre , Mariama Ndour , Cédric Przybylski , Emmanuel Petit , Julien Bernard , Véronique Bonnet , Eric Drockenmuller , José Kovensky
{"title":"Synthesis of polysaccharide-based block copolymers obtained by click chemistry from opened β-cyclodextrin and growth polymerization","authors":"Dindet Steve Evanes Koffi Teki , Hajeeth Thankappan , Matthieu Pélingre , Mariama Ndour , Cédric Przybylski , Emmanuel Petit , Julien Bernard , Véronique Bonnet , Eric Drockenmuller , José Kovensky","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synthesis of well-defined oligosaccharides via cyclodextrin (CD) ring opening is an efficient method for obtaining tailored monomers, which are then suitable for further polymerization. Starting from benzoylated β-CD, which contains seven glucose units, pure difunctionalized benzoylated heptaoses were synthesized. This approach produced heptaoligosaccharides with either azide (A) or propargyl (B) as reactive groups at the reducing and non-reducing ends with a yield between 81 and 96 %, and corresponding to α,ω-diazidoheptaose, α,ω-dipropargylheptaose, and ω-azido-α-propargylheptaose for the AA, BB, and AB monomers, respectively. A highly efficient deprotection process provided access to difunctionalized linear and polar heptasaccharides with high purity (87–99 %). The newly synthesized oligosaccharidic blocks were then polymerized via copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition leading to seven original and distinct polymers. These include unprotected (AA-BB or AB-AB) or benzoylated (AB-AB) homo- and hetero-copolymers, as well as hydrophobic blocks randomly distributed with hydrophilic ones (AB-AB) or alternating unprotected-benzoylated blocks (AA-BB). Two additional polymers were obtained by quaternization of triazole rings. Characterization by SEC, TGA, XRD, NMR, and MALDI-TOF MS revealed that a mixture of polymers containing 1–34 blocks could be obtained, with a degree of polymerization ranging from 126 to 238 sugar units and moderate to excellent yields (30–85 %).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 123521"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saumashish Mukherjee , Stefan Cord-Landwehr , T. Swaroopa Rani , Lal Duhsaki , Sreedhara Sudhakara Sarma , Tata Narsinga Rao , Bruno M. Moerschbacher , Jogi Madhuprakash
{"title":"First evidence of cryo-milling enhancing enzymatic production of chitooligosaccharides from chitin biomass","authors":"Saumashish Mukherjee , Stefan Cord-Landwehr , T. Swaroopa Rani , Lal Duhsaki , Sreedhara Sudhakara Sarma , Tata Narsinga Rao , Bruno M. Moerschbacher , Jogi Madhuprakash","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cryo-milling offers an energy-efficient approach to process α-chitin, the most prevalent and structurally robust chitin form. Unlike ball-milling, cryo-milling operates at low temperatures (<123 K), preventing heat-induced charring and loss of chitooligosaccharide. This study investigated the effects of various cryo-milling conditions on α-chitin, resulting in reduced crystalline plane intensity, increased surface area, and smaller particle size without causing substrate breakdown or functional group loss. Additionally, the study investigated cryo-milled α-chitin's enzymatic hydrolysis for the first time. Using <em>Paenibacillus</em> sp. LS1's chitin-active-secretome, cryo-milled α-chitin yielded twice as much GlcNAc compared to unmilled α-chitin. Hydrolysis with recombinant Chi5 from <em>Paenibacillus</em> sp. LS1 increased (GlcNAc)<sub>2</sub> and GlcNAc yields by twofold and fourfold, respectively, while recombinant <em>Str</em>ChiA from <em>Streptomyces</em> sp. UH6 led to an elevenfold and twofold increase, respectively. Overall, cryo-milling emerges as a gentle yet effective alternative to ball-milling, significantly enhancing enzymatic saccharification of α-chitin by increasing surface area, thereby optimizing chitooligosaccharide production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 123509"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaqing Fan , Huasong Bai , Tong Liu , Ruixue Wang , Zhanzhong Wang
{"title":"The role of galactose and chitosan in novel targeted nanoemulsion delivery carriers: Synthesis, in vitro stability, and anti-Hepa 1–6 cell activity","authors":"Yaqing Fan , Huasong Bai , Tong Liu , Ruixue Wang , Zhanzhong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study developed water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) nanoemulsions (NEs) modified with galactose (GAL) and chitosan (CTS) to encapsulate α-linolenic acid (ALA) for targeted delivery. The evaluation of physicochemical properties, stability, release characteristics, and <em>in vitro</em> targeting explored the effect of adding GAL to the external aqueous phase, as well as the interaction between GAL and CTS, on the targeted delivery performance of the NEs. The CTS and GAL maintained NE structural stability and thermal resistance through electrostatic interactions, preserving a stable encapsulation rate. The CTS in the external aqueous phase facilitated a three-dimensional network, maintaining flow stability. The <em>in vitro</em> digestion showed <22 % ALA release in gastric fluid and <45 % in intestinal fluid within 2 h. Additionally, <em>in vitro</em> cell experiments showed that NEs increased lipid oxidation, decreased superoxide dismutase activity, and increased lactate dehydrogenase release. The NEs with GAL added to the external aqueous phase demonstrated high uptake in Hepa 1–6 cells, indicating effective liver targeting. Thus, NEs with GAL and CTS could serve as carriers for active compounds, offering a novel strategy for targeted nutrient delivery in the food and pharmaceutical industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 123515"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shengzhe Jia , Bingbing Yang , Jiaxuan Tang , Jing Du , Jiayin Zhang , Yujiang Xie , Peng Liao , Weiwei Tang , Junbo Gong
{"title":"Cellulose-based circularly polarized luminescence nanofilm with superior optical intensity and controllable direction","authors":"Shengzhe Jia , Bingbing Yang , Jiaxuan Tang , Jing Du , Jiayin Zhang , Yujiang Xie , Peng Liao , Weiwei Tang , Junbo Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthesizing the circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) assemblies with strong intensity and real-time handedness direction control requires an ingenious structure design, which is difficult in traditional optical materials. This work utilizes the self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as the chiral template and packages the luminophores into the platform, to design a kind of CPL nanofilm. By optimizing the photonic bandgap structure, it possesses a considerable CPL and superior mechanical flexibility, which makes it a candidate for the next generation of wearable sensing devices. Additionally, it displays the reversible optical response in the humidity- or ammonia gas-stimulus. Next, this work designs two CPL amplification strategies, divided into selective reflection design and optical pathway length optimization. The intensified dissymmetry factor (<em>g</em><sub><em>lum</em></sub>) has reached −1.39. Since, by simply tuning the sequence of two films, the handedness direction is successfully switched, with the inverted <em>g</em><sub><em>lum</em></sub> of approximately 0.4442. This dual-direction CPL intensity has preceded most cellulose-based chiral luminescent materials. Importantly, this optical design avoids the incorporation of external stimuli and disruption of the inner structure. At last, this photonic film with direction- and intensity-controllable is used in the photo-induced polymerization reaction and optical anti-counterfeiting areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 123517"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Li , Xiaoyan Liu , Zhongming Liu , Shoujuan Wang , Fangong Kong
{"title":"Fabrication of controllable structure of nanocellulose composite aerogel for targeted drug delivery","authors":"Yang Li , Xiaoyan Liu , Zhongming Liu , Shoujuan Wang , Fangong Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The problems of low drug loading capacity and short release time in traditional drug delivery systems would lead to repeated administration and an increase in the burden of treatment. To solve this problem, nanocellulose composite aerogels were designed and prepared as the drug carrier with an adjustable structure, good biocompatibility, high drug loading capacity, and long release time. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were introduced into nanocellulose through blending and physicochemical crosslinking to regulate and improve the network structure, drug loading capacity, and sustained release performance of nanocellulose composite aerogels. The pore structure and physicochemical structure of aerogel were explored to reveal the structure and effect between the structure of aerogel and drug release through advanced technologies such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), micro-CT, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and specific surface area (BET). The drug loading and release curves of aerogels were simulated to reveal the relevant mechanism through mathematical models, providing a theoretical basis for clinical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 123518"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheng Huang , Junhao Chen , Yingao Zhang , Chuanyu Jiang , Yongjing Wang , Jiaxiao Qi , Haodong Yang , Kaizheng Gao , Ming Jiang , Feihua Liu
{"title":"Wide-detection-range, highly-sensitive, environmental-friendly and flexible cellulose-based capacitive humidity sensor","authors":"Cheng Huang , Junhao Chen , Yingao Zhang , Chuanyu Jiang , Yongjing Wang , Jiaxiao Qi , Haodong Yang , Kaizheng Gao , Ming Jiang , Feihua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humidity sensors are widely used in industries, agriculture, climate control, and health monitoring, especially in flexible, environmentally friendly wearable electronics. However, existing sensors often suffer from limited detection ranges and low sensitivity. This work reports a flexible, environmentally friendly, highly sensitive humidity sensor with a wide detection range, which is made of cellulose, MXene, and sodium polyacrylate via vacuum filtration and impregnation method. The abundant polar functional groups of the materials enable humidity sensing across a broad range. This study reveals the significant enhancement in sensitivity of capacitive humidity sensors through the construction of multiple water layers that create proton and ion transport channels. The sensor shows a wide detection range (10 % RH to 90 % RH), low hysteresis (1.42 %), sensitivity of 2.11 pF/%RH (10 % RH to 41 % RH), and high sensitivity of 60.97 pF/%RH (41 % RH to 84 % RH). Additionally, it can distinguish breathing patterns and rates, enabling both non-contact and contact sensing, with potential applications in health monitoring. This work offers new insights into the development of flexible, environmentally friendly capacitive humidity sensors with high sensitivity and wide detection ranges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 123507"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainable, tough, and water-resistant cellulose-based straws via hierarchical fiber networks and Fe3+ cross-linking","authors":"Zede Yi, Xuepei Zhou, Juanli Shen, Shiyu Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wide use of plastic straws has posed a persistent environmental challenge, which promotes the development of sustainable alternatives. In this work, inspired by the hierarchical structures of natural materials, we reported a facile approach to prepare straws with high toughness and good water resistance from microscale and nanoscale cellulose fibers. Pulp fibers from rice stalk were treated to prepare cellulose microfibers (CMF) and cellulose nanofibers (CNF), which were hybridized to form a film and roll up for straws. The straws prepared from both micro- and nano- fibers in ratio of 2:3 (CMF:CNF) show the best overall performance in terms of tensile strength (104.5 MPa), toughness (12.6 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>) and elongation at break (17.0 %). Besides, the straws further cross-linked with Fe<sup>3+</sup> to enhance the network bindings between hierarchical cellulose fibers and effectively improve the water resistance. The ionic cross-linking treatment with 50 mM Fe<sup>3+</sup> for 2 h resulted in the straws with a water contact angle of ∼126°. The obtained straws can completely disintegrate in natural soil within 45 days. These cellulose-based straws are fully in line with the concept of environmental and ecological sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 123516"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Lei , Weiwei Yang , Yong Yuan , Gang Wei , Lei Guo
{"title":"Functionalization of loofah sponge as a natural cellulose-based material for water environment remediation and sustainability assessment","authors":"Yu Lei , Weiwei Yang , Yong Yuan , Gang Wei , Lei Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loofah-derived biomass sponges, as a natural, porous, and environmentally friendly material, demonstrate significant potential in the field of water environmental remediation due to their unique three-dimensional interconnected multi-channel structure and superior mechanical properties. The inherent structure of loofah sponges endows them with excellent mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, ion transport capacity, sound absorption properties, adsorption performance, and antibacterial activity. Physical, chemical, and biological modification methods can substantially enhance their adsorption capabilities and mechanical strength. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on loofah sponges, systematically discussing their structural characteristics, performance, and functional modification techniques. Furthermore, it explores the forefront applications of loofah sponges in environmental science, including oil-water separation, heavy metal removal, dye removal, drug removal, bacterial removal, and desalination. Finally, the sustainability of loofah sponges is highlighted through sustainability footprint assessment, emphasizing their ecological friendliness and potential for sustainable development. The review also offers insights into optimizing large-scale production to support future applications in water environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 123514"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qing Gao , Zerui Ou , Xiangze Jia , Shahid Ahmed Junejo , Bin Zhang , Qiang Huang
{"title":"β-Cyclodextrin synergistically enhanced solid encapsulation of p-anisaldehyde into V-type starch for sweet cherry preservation","authors":"Qing Gao , Zerui Ou , Xiangze Jia , Shahid Ahmed Junejo , Bin Zhang , Qiang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the good biological and antibacterial activities, the p-anisaldehyde is easy to evaporate or degrade during processing and storage. Herein, a new <em>V</em>-type starch-cyclodextrin composite carrier was constructed to efficiently encapsulate p-anisaldehyde in addressing the inherent disadvantages. The introduction of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) enhanced the short- and long-range ordered structures of the composite carrier. The <em>V</em>-type starch-cyclodextrin composite (<em>V</em>C30) exhibited the highest loading capacity of 142.01 mg/g for p-anisaldehyde, which was significantly higher than that of <em>V</em>-type starch (VS, 97.83 mg/g) and commercial β-CD (128.48 mg/g). The loading capacity of the V-type starch-cyclodextrin composite was positively correlated with its crystallinity and short-range order. The release rate of p-anisaldehyde was in the order of VC30 < β-CD < VS. Under non-cold chain daily storage (25 °C and 57 % relative humidity) for 2 weeks, the p-anisaldehyde of thymol released from complexes was 36 % (VC30), 49 % (β-CD), and 65 % (VS), respectively. Due to the high loading capacity and good sustained release properties, the noncontact preservation of high-value fruit by <em>V</em>C30 controlling p-anisaldehyde release successfully extended the shelf life of cherries from six to twelve days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 123513"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Highly soluble and well-defined polysaccharide-based micelle in aqueous media: Decyl succinic anhydride-modified pullulan","authors":"Risa Suenaga, Yuzu Komuro, Ken Terao","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A pullulan-based polymeric micelle was obtained by modifying pullulan with decyl succinic anhydride (PulDS) to achieve a degree of substitution ranging from 0.46 to 0.72. SEC-MALS, static and dynamic light scattering, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and fluorescence measurements were performed to characterize the micelle structure of PulDS in 25 mM aqueous NaCl at two different pH of 7 and 10. The scattering and fluorescence data clearly showed that the PulDS is molecularly dispersed as flower necklace micelles in the aqueous solvents. The size distribution of the unit micelles is significantly narrower than that of the previously investigated succinic anhydride modified pullulan. The resulting unit micelle size was found to depend less on chain length and degree of substitution, but the unit flower micelle was larger at pH 7 than at pH 10, suggesting that excess ionized OH groups on the glycosidic ring provide repulsive forces between the polymer chains. These features, namely the well-defined micelle structure and high solubility in aqueous media without large aggregates, indicate potential applications in drug delivery systems and as food additives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 123504"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}