Aquatic Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Differential tissue distribution of pharmaceuticals in a wild subtropical marine fish","authors":"N.A. Castillo ,&nbsp;R.O. Santos ,&nbsp;W.R. James ,&nbsp;R. Rezek ,&nbsp;D. Cerveny ,&nbsp;R.E. Boucek ,&nbsp;A.J. Adams ,&nbsp;J. Fick ,&nbsp;T. Brodin ,&nbsp;J.S. Rehage","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To date, the presence of pharmaceuticals has been extensively documented across a wide range of aquatic systems and biota. Further, substantial progress has been made in transitioning from laboratory assessments of pharmaceutical fate and effects in fish to <em>in situ</em> assessments of exposure and effects; however, certain research areas remain understudied. Among these is investigation of differential accumulation across multiple internal tissues in wild marine fish beyond the species commonly sampled in laboratory and freshwater field settings. This study examined the presence of pharmaceuticals across four tissues (plasma, muscle, brain, and liver) in a wild marine fish, bonefish (<em>Albula vulpes</em>), throughout coastal South Florida, USA. Differential accumulation across tissues was assessed for the number and concentration, identity, and composition of accumulated pharmaceuticals by sampling 25 bonefish and analyzing them for 91 pharmaceuticals. The concentration of pharmaceuticals was highest in plasma &gt; liver &gt; brain &gt; muscle, while the number of pharmaceuticals was highest in liver &gt; brain &gt; plasma &gt; muscle. The identity of detected pharmaceuticals was tissue specific, and there was an inverse relationship between the number of detections for each pharmaceutical and its log K_ow. The composition of pharmaceuticals was tissue specific for both pharmaceutical presence/absence and concentration. Across all tissues, the greatest similarity was between brain and liver, which were more similar to plasma than to muscle, and muscle was the most distinct tissue. For tissue compositional variability, muscle was the most diverse in accumulated pharmaceuticals, while plasma, brain, and liver were similarly variable. With the highest concentrations in plasma and highest number in liver, and documented variability in accumulated pharmaceuticals across tissues, our results highlight the importance of tissue selection when surveying exposure in wild fish, suggesting that multi-tissue analysis would allow for a more comprehensive assessment of exposure diversity and risk of adverse effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 107064"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142086904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of PBAT microplastics and their potential toxicity to zebrafish embryos and juveniles","authors":"Mengmeng Xie,&nbsp;Kai Cai,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Shuhua Tu,&nbsp;Jie Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The extensive use of traditional non-biodegradable plastics results in the generation of microplastics (MPs), forming a new pollutant that can pose significant environmental risks. Biodegradable plastics (BP) possess degradation properties and can partially replace conventional plastics, thereby reducing pollution. However, further investigation is needed into the toxicity of biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) on aquatic organisms. This study explores the toxic effects of PBAT microplastics (PBAT-BMPs) and microplastics produced from degradable PBAT/TPS (thermoplastic starch) composite film (PBAT/TPS-BMPs) on zebrafish embryos. Our findings indicate that the presence of microplastics on the embryo's surface increases with higher BMPs concentration. Nonetheless, PBAT-BMPs tend to aggregate and are blocked by the embryonic membrane, thus diminishing their toxic effects on the embryo. Acute toxicity experiments revealed that 30 mg/L of PBAT-BMPs significantly reduced the survival rate of zebrafish embryos, whereas PBAT/TPS-BMPs had a lesser effect on survival. Both types of BMPs influenced the hatching rate of the embryos, leading to prolonged incubation periods. Additionally, both types of BMPs impacted the locomotor behavior of zebrafish larvae, causing an increase in larval locomotor speed. However, these BMPs had little impact on larval body development and heartbeat behavior. Fluorescent microplastic tracer experiments demonstrated that PBAT-BMPs persisted in juvenile fish for at least 144 h and were difficult to metabolize and excrete. Our study aims to gain a better understanding of the potential effects of BMPs on aquatic ecosystems and biological health, as well as to propose effective strategies for reducing environmental pollution and protecting organisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 107065"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A transcriptomics-based analysis of mechanisms involved in the sex-dependent effects of diazepam on zebrafish","authors":"Yibing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanhong Shi ,&nbsp;Jie Tang ,&nbsp;Kun Chen ,&nbsp;Min Wu ,&nbsp;Xiangyang Wu ,&nbsp;Xuchun Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diazepam (DZP) is a universally detected emerging pollutant in aquatic ecosystems. Although the sex-dependent effects of DZP on fish have been properly established, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, zebrafish of both sexes were separately exposed to DZP (8 μg/L) for 21 days, and the alteration of the behaviors, brain amino acid neurotransmitter contents, and transcriptomic profiles were investigated. Although DZP exposure showed a sedative effect on both sexes, significantly reduced cumulative duration of high mobility and willingness to encounter the opposite sex were only observed in females. However, DZP significantly enhanced the brain levels of glutamate and glutamine in males but not in females. Transcriptome analysis identified more different expression genes (DEGs) in females (322 up-regulated and 311 down-regulated) than in males (138 up-regulated genes and 38 down-regulated). The DEGs in both sexes were significantly enriched in the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway of the synaptic vesicle cycle, indicating a possible pathway for the sedative effects of DZP on zebrafish. DZP exhibited different or even opposing regulatory patterns on gene expression in the brains of females and males, providing some insights into its sex-dependent impacts on the behaviors and brain neurotransmitter contents in zebrafish. Moreover, enrichment analysis also suggested that DZP exposure may affect the oocyte maturation in female zebrafish, which highlights the need to study its reproductive and transgenerational toxicity to fish species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 107063"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142076012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negligible additive effect of environmental concentrations of fragmented polyethylene terephthalate microplastics on the growth and reproductive performance of Java medaka exposed to 17β-estradiol and bisphenol A","authors":"Sang-Eun Nam ,&nbsp;Md. Niamul Haque ,&nbsp;Somyeong Lee ,&nbsp;Chae Hwa Kim ,&nbsp;Tae Hee Kim ,&nbsp;Jae-Sung Rhee","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To investigate whether environmental concentrations of fragmented polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics (MPs) have additional or combined effects on endocrine-disrupting activity, Java medaka (<em>Oryzias javanicus</em>) were exposed to 17β-estradiol (E2; 5, 10, 50, and 100 ng L⁻¹), bisphenol A (BPA; 5, 10, 50, and 100 µg <span>L</span>⁻¹), and E2 and BPA combined with PET MPs (1 and 100 particles <span>L</span>⁻¹) for 200 days. The growth parameters, such as body length and weight, were significantly decreased by the highest concentrations of E2 and BPA. A significant reduction in egg production was observed in female fish exposed to BPA, with an additive toxic effect of PET MPs. A female-biased sex ratio was observed in fish exposed to both chemicals. Exposure to E2 significantly increased the hepatosomatic index (HSI) in both sexes, while no significant effect was observed in the gonadosomatic index (GSI). Exposure to BPA significantly increased the HSI in female fish and decreased the GSI in both sexes of fish. An additive effect of PET MPs was observed on the GSI value of female exposed to BPA. Significant elevations in vitellogenin (VTG) levels were observed in both sexes due to exposure to E2 and BPA. Additive effects of PET MPs were observed on VTG levels in males exposed to E2 and BPA. Taken together, even long-term treatment with PET MPs induced only a negligible additive effect on the endocrine-disrupting activity in Java medaka at environmentally relevant concentrations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 107052"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142007970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The particle effect: comparative toxicity of chlorpyrifos in combination with microplastics and phytoplankton particles in mussel","authors":"Beatriz Fernández ,&nbsp;Leticia Vidal-Liñán ,&nbsp;Juan Bellas ,&nbsp;Juan A. Campillo ,&nbsp;Elena Chaves-Pozo ,&nbsp;Marina Albentosa","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lately, the role of microplastics (MP) as vectors for dissolved contaminants and as vehicle for their transfer to aquatic organisms has received attention. Similarly to MP, other inorganic and organic particles may act as passive samplers. However, limited comparative knowledge exists at this respect. In the present study we have comparatively investigated the risk for mussel of MP and the pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) alone and in combination with MP and phytoplankton particles of microalgae (MP-CPF and MA-CPF, respectively). We selected MP and microalgae of similar size to expose mussel to the same volume of particles (≈1.5 mm³ <em>L</em>⁻¹ ≈ equivalent to 1.5 mg MP <em>L</em>⁻¹) and the same concentration of contaminant (CPF, 7.6 μg L⁻¹). MP were virgin HDPE microparticles (≤10 μm) while the microalgae species was <em>Isochrisis galbana</em> (4–8 μm). Mussels were exposed for 21 days to MP, CPF, MP-CPF and MA-CPF. Then, a suite of neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and oxidative damage biomarkers were measured in samples collected at day 7 and 21. Additionally, these biochemical markers were assessed in an integrated manner with others measured at physiological, immune and cell component level in the same organisms, previously published. Overall, MP did not elicit significant alterations on the majority of parameters measured. In contrast, mussels exposed to CPF, MA-CPF and MP-CPF showed evidence of neurotoxicity and oxidant imbalance at day 7, added to a detrimental physiological condition and immune imbalance at day 21. At the latter time MP-CPF mussels showed greater alterations than CPF or MA-CPF mussels. This suggested a synergistic toxicity of MP combined with CPF greater than that produced by the contaminants alone (MP or CPF) or by MA combined with CPF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 107053"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166445X24002236/pdfft?md5=7d0a7f8343c92b9c76dd204c979ebbe5&pid=1-s2.0-S0166445X24002236-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil uptake via marine snow: Effects on blue mussels (Mytilus sp.)","authors":"V. Kalter ,&nbsp;B. de Jourdan ,&nbsp;N. Chorfa ,&nbsp;F. Wang ,&nbsp;D. Schneider ,&nbsp;U. Passow","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accidental oil spills into the ocean can lead to downward transport and settling of oil onto the seafloor as part of marine snow, as seen during the Deepwater Horizon incident in 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico. The arctic and subarctic regions may favor conditions leading to this benthic oil deposition, prompting questions about the potential impacts on benthic communities. This study investigated the effects of oil-contaminated marine snow uptake on the blue mussel (<em>Mytilus</em> sp.). We exposed mussels for four days to 1) oil-contaminated marine snow (MOS treatment), or to 2) chemically-enhanced water-accommodated fraction (CEWAF) of oil plus unaggregated food particles (CEWAF treatment). Both oil treatments received the same nominal concentration of oil and food. Two controls were included: 1) Clean seawater plus unaggregated food (agg-free control) and 2) clean seawater plus marine snow (marine snow control). After the exposure, mussels were allowed to recover for ten days under clean, running seawater. Samples were taken right before and after the exposure period, and after the recovery phase for the following endpoints: distribution (partitioning) of oil compounds between seawater and MOS, and between seawater and mussel tissue; DNA damage (assessed via the comet assay); clearance rate; and condition index [tissue dry weight (g) divided by shell length (mm)]. Some discernable patterns were found in the partitioning of oil compounds between seawater and MOS. However, these patterns did not translate to any significant differences in the partitioning of oil compounds into mussel tissue between the two oil treatments. DNA damage did not exceed background levels (10% tail DNA or less; to be expected in healthy, viable cells) at any sampling time point, but significantly higher DNA damage was observed in CEWAF-T compared to MOS-T mussels after the recovery phase. After the exposure, a significant difference emerged in the clearance rate between the CEWAF treatment and the agg-free control, but not between the MOS treatment and the marine snow control. All mussels except those from the CEWAF treatment exhibited an increased condition index after the exposure time. Together, these results suggest that aggregates could moderate the effects of oil exposure on blue mussels, possibly by providing better, more concentrated nutrition than unaggregated food particles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 107047"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166445X24002170/pdfft?md5=d33b686417905f7c679fe721311f2c4a&pid=1-s2.0-S0166445X24002170-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141994747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of Allium jesdianum essential oil on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to sub-lethal toxicity of cypermethrin","authors":"Saeid Shahbazi Naserabad ,&nbsp;Sarallah Zarei ,&nbsp;Jamal Rahimi ,&nbsp;Zaniar Ghafouri ,&nbsp;Atta Mouludi-Saleh ,&nbsp;Mahdi Banaee","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of <em>Allium jesdianum</em> essential oil (AJEO) in decreasing cypermethrin toxicity for rainbow trout. First, the safety of the 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% AJEO supplements was assayed after 60 days. Then, the protective effects of AJEO were studied on fish exposed to 12.5% 96h LC50 cypermethrin after 14 days. Results showed that 1 and 1.5% AJEO administration enhanced protease and lipase activities in the intestine and improved growth performance. Moreover, feeding fish with 1 and 1.5% AJEO increased catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase activities (SOD) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA). Also, AJEO increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in serum. However, exposure to cypermethrin significantly decreased these enzyme activities and increased MDA. The oxidative biomarkers remained normal in fish fed with AJEO after exposure to cypermethrin. The administration of 1 and 1.5% AJEO significantly decreased cortisol and glucose levels, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities. Although exposure to cypermethrin significantly increased these biochemical biomarkers, AJEO could adjust them. A significant effect of 1% AJEO on total protein and globulin was observed before and after exposure to cypermethrin. Exposure to cypermethrin decreased all immunological parameters in the serum and mucus. However, administration of 1% AJEO increased protease, lysozyme (LYS) activities, total immunoglobulin (Ig), complement C3 and C4, and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) in the serum and ALP, LYS, protease activities and Ig in mucus. In conclusion, results showed that AJEO could potentially decrease the toxicity effects of cypermethrin in fish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 107051"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141994746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of glyphosate on neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and immune suppression in red swamp crayfish, Procambarus Clarkii","authors":"Yi Huang ,&nbsp;Qiang Huang ,&nbsp;Kelei Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiongwei Luo ,&nbsp;Wei Long ,&nbsp;Zeyu Yin ,&nbsp;Zhiqiu Huang ,&nbsp;Yuhang Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glyphosate, a prevalent herbicide, has raised concerns due to its potential ecological impact, especially on aquatic ecosystems. While it is crucial for managing agricultural productivity, its inadvertent effects on non-target aquatic species like the red swamp crayfish, <em>Procambarus clarkii</em>, are not fully understood. In the present study, the neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, and immune suppression of glyphosate on <em>P. clarkii</em> were investigated. Sublethal glyphosate exposure (5, 10 and 20 mg/L) for 96 h was found to significantly decrease AChE activity in both brain and hepatopancreas, correlating with reduced foraging efficiency and increased turnover time. Oxidative stress was evident through increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and altered antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In addition, the total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) was inhibited at 10 and 20 mg/L of glyphosate exposure. Immune assays revealed a decrease in total hemocyte counts (THC) and suppression of key immune enzyme activities and transcriptional expressions at higher concentrations, suggesting compromised immune defenses. The findings demonstrate that glyphosate can induce considerable neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects in <em>P. clarkii</em>, disrupting essential physiological functions and behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 107050"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ammonia nitrogen stress on the physiological, biochemical, and metabolic levels of the gill tissue of juvenile four-finger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum)","authors":"Jing-hui Jin ,&nbsp;Eric Amenyogbe ,&nbsp;Ye Yang ,&nbsp;Zhong-liang Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Lu ,&nbsp;Rui-tao Xie ,&nbsp;Eric Kwabena Droepenu ,&nbsp;Jian-sheng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the impact of ammonia nitrogen stress on juvenile four-finger threadfin in pond culture was examined. The 96-hour median lethal concentration (LC50-96h) and safe concentration of ammonia nitrogen were assessed in juveniles with a body weight of 7.4 ± 0.6 g using ecotoxicological methods. The study design included a stress group exposed to LC50-96h levels of ammonia nitrogen and a control group without ammonia nitrogen exposure. To examine the physiological, biochemical, and metabolic effects of ammonia nitrogen on gill tissue, gill tissue samples were collected after 12, 24, 48, and 96 h of stress, with a resumption of treatment after 48 h. Compared to the control group, ammonia nitrogen adversely affected juvenile four-finger threadfin, with LC50-96h and safe concentration values of 20.70 mg/L and 2.07 mg/L, respectively. Exposure to ammonia nitrogen resulted in substantial gill damage, including fusion of lamellae, epithelial cell loss, and proliferation of chlorine-secreting cells. This tissue damage persisted even after a 48-h recovery period. Ammonia nitrogen stress triggered an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and malondialdehyde levels in gills, indicating oxidative stress from 12 h onwards. Although enzyme activity decreased over time, oxidative stress persisted even after recovery, suggesting an ongoing need for antioxidant defense. Metabolomics analysis showed significant alterations in 423 metabolites under ammonia nitrogen stress. Key metabolites such as L-arginine, taurine, 20-hydroxyarachidonic acid, 11,12-dihydroxy-5Z, 8Z, and 14Z eicosotrienic acid followed an increasing trend; uridine, adenosine, L-glutathione, and thymidine 5′-triphosphate followed a decreasing trend. These changes reflect metabolic adaptations to stress. In enriched metabolic pathways, the main differential pathways are membrane transport, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. After 48 h, significant differences were observed in 396 metabolites compared to the control group. Notably, L-arginine, choline, and L-histidine increased, while linoleic acid, adenosine, and glutathione decreased. Amino acid and lipid metabolism pathways were key affected pathways. Under ammonia nitrogen stress, juvenile four-finger threadfin increased the synthesis of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids to cope with low temperatures and bolster immune function by consuming spermidine. This adaptation helps to clear peroxides generated during fatty acid synthesis, thereby protecting cells from oxidative damage. This study provides insights for pond aquaculture and breeding of ammonia nitrogen-tolerant fish strains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 107049"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative in vitro hepatic clearances of commonly used antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anti-inflammatory agents in rainbow trout liver S9 fractions","authors":"Tea L.M. Pihlaja ,&nbsp;Jade Pätsi ,&nbsp;Elisa Ollikainen ,&nbsp;Tiina M. Sikanen","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Residues of human pharmaceuticals are widely detected in surface waters and can be taken up by and bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms, especially fish. One of the key challenges in assessing the bioaccumulation potential of ionizable organic compounds, such as the pharmaceuticals, is the lack of empirical data for biotransformation. In the present study, we assessed the in vitro intrinsic clearances (CL_INT) of twelve pharmaceuticals, individually and some additionally as mixtures, in rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) liver S9 fractions (RT-S9) adhering to the OECD test guidance 319B. The test substances included four anti-inflammatory agents (diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen), seven antidepressants/antipsychotics (citalopram, haloperidol, levomepromazine, mirtazapine, risperidone, sertraline, venlafaxine) and the O-desmethyl metabolite of venlafaxine. Quantifiable intrinsic clearances were detected for diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, levomepromazine, and sertraline. Apart from diclofenac, the in vitro clearances of the other four pharmaceuticals were shown to be critically dependent on the cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism. Therefore, we also determined the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) of the same twelve pharmaceuticals toward CYP1A-like (7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation, EROD) and CYP3A-like (benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin-O-debenzyloxylation, BFCOD) activities in RT-S9 using IC₅₀ shift assay. As a result, levomepromazine and sertraline were identified as the most potent inhibitors of both EROD and BFCOD activity (unbound IC₅₀ &lt; 10 µM each), followed by citalopram and haloperidol (10 µM &lt; IC₅₀ &lt; 100 µM). Additionally, mirtazapine was a selective EROD inhibitor (IC₅₀ ∼ 30 µM). The inhibitory impacts of haloperidol and sertraline were indicatively time dependent. Finally, we carried out intrinsic clearance assays with mixtures of diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, levomepromazine, and sertraline to examine the impacts of EROD and BFCOD inhibitions on their in vitro CL_INT in RT-S9. Our in vitro data suggests that the intrinsic clearances of ibuprofen, levomepromazine, and sertraline in rainbow trout can be significantly reduced as the result of P450 inhibition by pharmaceutical mixtures, whereas the clearances of diclofenac and naproxen are less impacted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 107048"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166445X24002182/pdfft?md5=d48526a8bf64c4d87f7bcf4e0f642436&pid=1-s2.0-S0166445X24002182-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}