Veterinary Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Systemic Metastatic Progression of Canine Mammary Comedocarcinoma with Pathological Femoral Fracture: A Case Report.","authors":"Jihyun Moon, Sangyul Lee, Ki-Dong Eom, Hwi-Yool Kim, Jung-Moon Kim","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101047","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13101047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine mammary comedocarcinoma is considered an aggressive histological subtype with a high potential for metastatic dissemination. A 13-year-old intact female Jindo-mixed dog underwent mastectomy for a grade II mammary comedocarcinoma, and no metastatic involvement was identified in the regional lymph nodes or thorax at initial staging. On postoperative day (POD) 65, the dog developed an atraumatic pathological fracture of the left femoral diaphysis. Despite two surgical fixation procedures, the fracture progressed to non-union with progressive osteolysis. During subsequent follow-up, a subcutaneous mass and radiographic evidence of pulmonary metastasis were identified, and metastatic involvement of the femur was subsequently supported by histopathological examination. The dog died spontaneously on POD 188 following progressive disease and deterioration in clinical condition. Necropsy revealed extensive metastatic carcinoma involving the femur, medial iliac lymph node, lungs, and surrounding soft tissues. This case describes rapid and extensive multisystemic metastatic progression of canine mammary comedocarcinoma despite initially negative regional lymph node and thoracic staging. Notably, the atraumatic pathological femoral fracture was the first clinically recognized manifestation of metastatic disease. This case highlights the potential for skeletal involvement to cause substantial morbidity during metastatic progression of canine mammary carcinoma and emphasizes the importance of considering skeletal metastasis in dogs with aggressive mammary carcinoma presenting with unexplained pathological fractures or persistent failure of fracture healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13709928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149273805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Effective Diagnostic Approach for Successful Recovery from <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> Systemic Infection in a Basset Hound Dog.","authors":"Simona Zoppi, Valeria D'Errico, Alessia Di Blasio, Pier Luigi Acutis, Marzia Pezzolato, Elena Bozzetta, Maria Angelillo, Maria Goria","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101045","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13101045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe the diagnostic pathway, clinical follow-up and resolution of generalized avian tuberculosis in a Basset Hound dog. Lethargy, anorexia, weight loss and shifting lameness were observed. Cytological examination of specimens collected from prescapular, retromandibular and popliteal lymph nodes revealed the presence of acid-fast bacilli, subsequently identified as <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>hominissuis</i> by microbiological and molecular tests. MIC determination was performed to guide therapy, which was subsequently based on clarithromycin (5 mg/kg orally every 12 h) and moxifloxacin (10 mg/kg orally every 24 h). Early and rapid diagnosis, combined with prompt initiation of appropriate antibiotic treatment, resulted in complete recovery of the affected dog.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13709531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149273858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> Leaf-<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> Complex on Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Function, Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolome of Yellow-Feather Broilers.","authors":"Hongyan Ma, Yi Yao, Yanming Wei","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101044","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13101044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Phytogenic feed additives may provide sustainable alternatives for improving poultry productivity and health. This study evaluated the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and in vivo effects of a 1:1 <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> leaf-<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> complex (EG) in yellow-feathered broilers. <b>Methods:</b> The nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of EG were characterized. A total of 200 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly allocated into four dietary treatments with five replicates per group and 10 birds per replicate: the control group (CG) receiving a basal diet and three EG supplementation groups receiving diets supplemented with 0.5% (EG (0.5%)), 1.0% (EG (1.0%)), 2.0% (EG (2.0%)) <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> leaf-<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> complex for 42 days. Growth performance, serum antioxidant and immune indicators, intestinal microbiota composition, and serum metabolomic profiles were analyzed. <b>Results:</b> EG contained 46.53% polysaccharides and exhibited concentration-dependent radical-scavenging activity. Supplementation with EG (0.5%) consistently increased body weight and average daily gain and reduced the feed conversion ratio without affecting feed intake. EG increased serum antioxidant enzyme activities and immunoglobulin concentrations but did not affect routine biochemical parameters. The EG (0.5%) group was therefore selected for microbiome and metabolome analyses. EG altered jejunal and cecal microbial composition without significantly affecting α-diversity and increased cecal <i>Faecalibacterium</i> and <i>Blautia</i> at day 21 and <i>Faecalibacterium</i> and <i>Parabacteroides</i> at day 42. Metabolomics identified 103 differential metabolites associated mainly with amino acid, glycerophospholipid, and energy metabolism. Spearman's analysis further associated <i>Bacteroidota</i>, <i>Bacillota</i>, <i>Enterococcus</i>, and <i>Blautia</i> with amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid-related metabolites. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings indicate that EG (0.5%) may improve growth and feed efficiency while modulating antioxidant status, humoral immune indices, intestinal microbial composition, and systemic metabolism in yellow-feathered broilers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13709727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149273827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive and Economic Efficacy of Three FTAI Protocols in Four Weather Seasons in a High-Yielding Dairy Farm from Romania.","authors":"Amalia-Ioana Hârbu, Dan Drugociu, Silviu-Ionuț Borș","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101042","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13101042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluates the effectiveness and financial impact of three fixed timed artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols-an intensive Double Ovsynch (DO) protocol, OVS5D, a modified Ovsynch protocol incorporating GnRH administration on day 5 post-FTAI, and a standard Ovsynch (OVS) protocol, beginning with the first artificial insemination (AI) on a high-yielding dairy farm. For this study, three groups were assessed: the OVS group (<i>n</i> = 904), the OVS5D group (<i>n</i> = 830), and the DO group (<i>n</i> = 859). To assess the economic impacts of each protocol, the UW-Cornell DairyRepro$ decision tool was used. The results revealed that the DO group had a significantly higher conception rate (CR) at the first AI (53.08%, <i>p</i> < 0.05) compared to both the OVS (47.46%) and OVS5D (46.27%) groups, which showed similar results (<i>p</i> > 0.05). At the second AI, the CRs for the DO (45.18%) and OVS (44.97%) groups were comparable (<i>p</i> > 0.05), with both groups achieving higher CRs than the OVS5D group (35.67%, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Among the three groups, primiparous cows exhibited similar CRs (54.32 vs. 57.77 vs. 55.45, <i>p</i> > 0.05), while multiparous cows showed higher CRs (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the DO group (52.64%) compared to the OVS (42.64%) and OVS5D (42.46%) groups. In our study, there is a clear interaction between synchronization protocols, parity, and seasonal variations on high-yielding dairy cows' CRs. Compared to the OVS group, the net present value (NPV) per cow per year was EUR 35 higher in the DO group and EUR 11.8 lower in the OVS5D group. Seasonal analysis across the four weather seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) revealed that all three protocols showed substantially reduced CRs during summer, confirming universal heat stress susceptibility in standard-cooled herds regardless of synchronization intensity. Based on these findings, the DO protocol is recommended for multiparous cows and standard OVS for primiparous cows; the OVS5D is not recommended due to inferior fertility and negative economic returns. These recommendations are specific to high-yielding Holstein herds managed under temperate continental climate conditions similar to this study farm and should not be over-generalized to other production systems or climates.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13709574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149274052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Physicochemical Stability and In Vitro Intestinal Dialysability of Conventional Solid and Liquid Nanoscale Vitamin Premixes in Swine Feed.","authors":"Lujun Zhang, Yamei Wang, Ruxue Tang, Mingming Tao, Xipan Hou, Zhifang Chu, Weijiang Zheng, Wen Yao","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101043","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13101043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) are essential micronutrients in swine nutrition, but their stability can be affected by formulation characteristics, storage conditions, thermal processing, and gastrointestinal environments. This study aimed to compare the physicochemical stability and in vitro intestinal dialysability of vitamins A, D, and E between two non-identical commercial formulations: conventional solid vitamin premixes (SVPs) and liquid nanoscale vitamin premixes (LNVPs) under simulated storage, thermal treatment, gastrointestinal digestion, dialysis, and fecal fermentation conditions. Microscopy revealed irregular solid particles in SVPs and spherical nanoscale structures observed in LNVPs under transmission electron microscopy conditions, with the latter showing improved visual dispersion stability. Vitamin retention decreased progressively during storage, and LNVPs maintained significantly higher relative retention of FSVs than SVPs (<i>p</i> < 0.01). After 40 days of storage at 40 °C, LNVPs retained more than 65% of vitamins D and E, whereas SVPs retained less than 50%. Under high-temperature stress simulating feed pelleting, LNVPs also showed higher retention of vitamins D and E than SVPs. In the simulated porcine gastrointestinal digestion model, LNVPs showed lower early apparent disappearance and higher dialysable fractions during the intestinal phase for all three FSVs (<i>p</i> < 0.01). A subsequent fecal fermentation assay further revealed formulation-dependent differences in vitamin behavior under simulated colonic conditions. Collectively, LNVPs showed higher relative vitamin retention and greater in vitro dialysability than SVPs under the tested conditions, supporting the potential of LNVPs for improving vitamin preservation in swine feed applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13709696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149273904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Directed Acyclic Graphs for Causal Modeling of Musical Interventions in High-Tropical Grazing Dairy Cattle: A Causal Framework Review.","authors":"Patricia Betancourth-Chaves, John Jairo Montoya-Zuluaga, Berardo de Jesús Rodríguez, José Eduardo Escobar-Riomalo, Darío Antonio Vallejo-Timarán","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101040","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13101040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Musical exposure in dairy cattle has been associated with potential effects on milk production, behavior, and physiological regulation; however, available evidence remains heterogeneous and potentially affected by biological and environmental confounding. In high-tropical grazing systems, these responses are simultaneously influenced by stress physiology, disease, nutrition, management, climatic variability, and individual adaptation. This review integrated causal inference and graphical epidemiology to develop biologically grounded directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) representing hypothesized causal pathways between musical exposure and milk production, behavior, and heart rate variability (HRV). An analytical narrative synthesis of physiological, ethological, autonomic, and epidemiological evidence was conducted, and three independent DAGs were constructed using DAGitty version 3.1. Variables were classified according to their epidemiological roles. The production DAG identified stress as a major integrative node linking disease, nutrition, reproductive physiology, management, and milk yield. The behavioral DAG highlighted the roles of ecological organization, resource access, social interaction, and environmental instability. The HRV DAG treated HRV as beat-to-beat variation in cardiac intervals that provides a non-invasive index of autonomic nervous system (ANS) modulation, including sympathetic and parasympathetic influences, and indicated that responses may occur through indirect modulation of stress physiology and vagal activity. We conclude that musical interventions should be interpreted as context-dependent sensory exposures rather than isolated causal determinants; the proposed DAGs provide an explicit basis for selecting covariates, avoiding inappropriate adjustment, and designing future studies of dairy cattle welfare and production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13709351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149273867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Swine Influenza A Virus (swIAV) in Commercial Pig Farms in Greece (2023-2026): Age, Regional and Temporal Patterns.","authors":"Vasileios G Papatsiros, Georgios I Papakonstantinou, Constantinos S Kyriakis, Dimitrios C Sakkas, Zoi Prentza, Ilias Terzidis, Konstantinos Koutoulis, Charalambos Billinis","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101041","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13101041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Swine influenza A virus (swIAV) is an endemic respiratory pathogen of pigs with zoonotic relevance. We analysed retrospective serological data from routine diagnostic submissions (January 2023-May 2026) to a single laboratory, comprising 2003 sera from 66 reports on 44 commercial farrow-to-finish farms in seven regions of mainland Greece, tested with a nucleoprotein ELISA that cannot distinguish vaccine-, maternally, or infection-derived antibodies. Overall seroprevalence was 46.4% (929/2003; farm-clustered 95% CI 39.1-53.8%); at least one seropositive animal was found in 51 of 61 farm-years and in 36 of 44 farms. Seroprevalence differed by production stage (<i>p</i> < 0.001): it was highest in multiparous sows (75.9%) and suckling piglets (70.7%), both likely influenced by sow vaccination and maternally derived antibodies, intermediate in gilts (46.0%) and nursery pigs (38.6%), and lowest in growers (24.8%) and finishers (24.0%), in which antibodies indicate prior exposure rather than current circulation. No consistent temporal trend was detected, although some adjusted models suggested higher seroprevalence in 2025-2026. Regional seroprevalence ranged from 10.1% (Thessaly) to 61.0% (West Greece); the association was significant with the standard but not the bias-reduced cluster-robust estimator (<i>p</i> = 0.014 and <i>p</i> = 0.39) and persisted after adjustment for year and stage, but it rests on few farms per region and is considered exploratory. As a convenience sample of diagnostic submissions, these data provide descriptive rather than nationally representative estimates and support the addition of molecular, subtype-level surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13709385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149274106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trade-Offs in Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry, and Fillet Amino Acid Profiles of Red Tilapia Fed Graded Levels of <i>Azolla microphylla</i> Meal in a Fishmeal Replacement Blend, with Exploratory Observations on Intestinal Microbiota.","authors":"Panitnart Auputinan, Nantapong Sumket, Somchart Tana, Payungsuk Intawicha, Phanit Srisuttha, Phadungnaree Saenmuang, Sontaya Sookying, Dutrudi Panprommin, Paiboon Panase","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101039","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13101039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the replacement of commercial fishmeal with a combination of <i>Azolla microphylla</i> meal (AMM) and soybean meal in red tilapia (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.) diets at 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% fishmeal replacement over 60 days, followed by a sublethal <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> exposure. Soybean meal was increased alongside AMM to maintain isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets; therefore, the observed responses reflect the combined replacement of fishmeal rather than the effect of AMM alone. Growth performance (WG, ADG, SGR) progressively declined and FCR increased with higher fishmeal replacement levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Serum aspartate transaminase (AST) rose and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) fell at elevated replacement levels. Fillet total essential amino acids were significantly reduced only at 75% fishmeal replacement, indicating that moderate substitution (up to 50%) preserves nutritional quality. As an exploratory, descriptive endpoint, the intestinal microbiota was profiled using pooled samples (<i>n</i> = 1 composite per treatment per time point), precluding statistical inference. Within the pooled post-challenge profiles, <i>Cetobacterium</i> represented a high relative proportion in T1-T3, whereas the pooled T4 profile showed a more heterogeneous taxonomic composition. Because no independent microbiota replicates were available, these observations are descriptive and hypothesis-generating rather than evidence of dietary or challenge effects. Overall, fishmeal replacement above 25% impaired growth, whereas fillet total essential amino acids were maintained through 50% replacement. These effects should be interpreted as the combined outcome of replacing fishmeal with AMM and soybean meal. The pooled microbiota profiles provide preliminary observations for future replicated studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13709771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149273928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Clinical, Histopathologic, and Immunologic Findings in Cats with Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis Following Partial-Mouth Extractions: A Pilot Prospective Study.","authors":"Agustina Algorta, Laura Tejera, Belén Varela, Gabriela Turini, Micaela Medina, Juan Eguren, María Noel Glausiuss, Ana Whyte, José Manuel Verdes, Kevin Yaneselli","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101038","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13101038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a painful inflammatory disease of the oral cavity in which partial-mouth or full-mouth extraction (PME or FME) is considered the standard treatment. However, longitudinal information regarding histopathologic and local immunologic changes after surgery remains limited. The aim of this pilot prospective study was to assess the clinical, hematologic, biochemical, histopathologic, and immunologic evolution of cats with FCGS following PME. Five cats diagnosed with FCGS were enrolled and followed longitudinally. Clinical response was assessed in the five cats using the Stomatitis Disease Activity Index (SDAI), together with hematologic, biochemical, and retroviral testing. Biopsies of the caudal oral mucosa were collected from three cats before surgery and 30 days after surgery for histopathologic evaluation using a previously described inflammatory scoring system. Immunolabeling of CD20, FoxP3, and IL-17 was quantified by digital image analysis. Clinical scores improved after PME, although the magnitude of the response varied among individuals. Persistent non-regenerative anemia and marked monocytosis were observed in cats positive for feline leukemia virus and/or feline immunodeficiency virus. Hyperglobulinemia was the most common biochemical abnormality. Histopathologic examination revealed moderate-to-marked lymphoplasmacytic inflammation associated with epithelial hyperplasia, edema, and, in the most severe cases, spongiosis and necrosis. Sequential biopsies demonstrated reductions in histologic inflammatory scores in two of three cats. CD20 immunolabeling decreased post-PME, whereas FoxP3 and IL-17 expression showed marked interindividual variability. This pilot prospective study provides preliminary observations on tissue changes in the early stages following PME.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13709930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149274101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meningoencephalitis in Neonatal Calves Caused by Rare O161 Serotype <i>Escherichia coli</i>: A Case Report.","authors":"Chen Ling, Aohong Wang, Qiwen Zhang, Chengwu Hao, Sun He, Yu Zhu, Ye Li, Yuxuan Lu, Zhengliang Zhang, Jinglin Li, Genqiang Yan, Jingjing Ren, Jianjun Jiang","doi":"10.3390/vetsci13101037","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci13101037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meningoencephalitis is a rare but fatal form of colibacillosis in neonatal calves. An outbreak of neurological disease characterized by high fever, lethargy, opisthotonus, and death occurred in approximately one-week-old calves on a dairy farm in Xinjiang, China; 13 calves died despite antibiotic therapy. Necropsy revealed severe meningeal hemorrhage and increased cerebrospinal fluid. Five <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates were obtained from two dead calves (brain-derived CHN-XJ-B1-B4; liver-derived CHN-XJ-L). The isolates carried the K99 and STa virulence genes, and two representative strains were serotyped as the rare O161. All isolates were resistant to 12 of 16 tested antibiotics but susceptible to amikacin, cefazolin, and neomycin. The median lethal doses (LD₅₀) in mice were 9.8 × 10⁵ CFU (CHN-XJ-B1) and 2.3 × 10⁶ CFU (CHN-XJ-L). Histopathology showed cerebral vascular congestion, neuronal degeneration and necrosis, and neutrophilic meningeal infiltration. All isolates harbored the invasion gene <i>ibeB</i>; this gene was nearly identical to that of the non-pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> K-12 strain MG1655 (98.5-100% nucleotide identity) and shared approximately 96% nucleotide identity with the human meningitis strain RS218. Deletion of <i>ibeB</i> significantly reduced bacterial burdens in the liver and spleen and in the brain at 48 h post-infection, increased the LD₅₀ by approximately tenfold and significantly prolonged mouse survival, indicating that <i>ibeB</i> contributes to systemic dissemination and tissue colonization of the isolates in this model. This is the first report of calf meningoencephalitis caused by O161 <i>E. coli</i> in the international literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13709902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149273796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}