Veterinary Sciences最新文献

{"title":"LPS-Induced Intracellular Complement 3 Activation Regulated ATP Production in Yak Rumen Epithelial Cells.","authors":"Qiang Han, Qiqi Zhang, Duoting Wu, Zihan Yang, Jinyang Huang, Zhisheng Wang, Huawei Zou, Quanhui Peng, Yukun Meng, Yahui Jiang, Jianxin Xiao, Rui Hu","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090841","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate whether intracellular complement 3 (C3) activation regulates ATP production in yak rumen epithelial cells under inflammatory conditions and its potential mechanism. An in vitro inflammation model was established by stimulating yak rumen epithelial cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Then, protease inhibitors targeting C3 activation enzymes were added. Additionally, to explore the downstream signaling pathway, exogenous C3a and the C3a receptor (C3aR) inhibitor C3aRY were applied to the inflammation model. After treatment with different concentrations of LPS, the gene expression levels and concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as <i>TNF-α</i>, <i>IL-1β</i>, and <i>IL-6</i> were significantly up-regulated (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while a significant reduction in cellular ATP levels was observed (<i>p</i> < 0.05), along with a significant reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (<i>p</i> < 0.05). After treating the inflammation model with different protease inhibitors, the ATP content and gene expression of the ATP synthase subunit <i>ATP5A</i> were significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Exogenous addition of the C3aR inhibitor C3aRY in the inflammation model exhibited a significant increase in ATP content and <i>ATP5A</i> gene expression (<i>p</i> < 0.05) when compared to the inflammation model. These results demonstrated that intracellular C3 activation inhibited ATP production in yak rumen epithelial cells under inflammatory conditions, likely through C3a-C3aR signaling and the cAMP/PKA pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Adhesive, Human Bandage Contact Lens Versus Conjunctival Transposition Flap for Surgical Repair of Feline Corneal Sequestrum.","authors":"Khaled M Ali, Ayman A Mostafa","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090839","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corneal sequestrum, also known as corneal mummification or necrosis, is a common complication of corneal ulceration in cats, with brachycephalic and pure-bred cats being the most affected. This prospective clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of self-adhesive, human bandage contact lenses (SHBCLs) versus the commonly used conjunctival transposition flap (CTF) in the management of feline corneal sequestrum. Twenty-five client-owned cats of different breeds with unilateral corneal sequestrum were investigated. All cats underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. Characterization of corneal sequestrum was carried out. The corneal lesion was removed surgically via keratectomy, and the cats were then categorized into three treatment groups: G-SHBCL (10 cats), G-CTF (10 cats), and the control group (G-CO, 5 cats). The healing progress of the corneal defect and associated clinical findings were recorded in all studied groups. Eight out of ten cats (80%) treated with SBCLs showed complete healing of the corneal defect with light corneal scarring and absence of all signs of ocular pain or discomfort. In comparison with G-CTF and G-CO, no granulation tissue was observed in all cats treated with SHBCLs. Moreover, no residues of corneal sequestrum or adhesion were identified, and the degree of corneal clarity was higher in the SHBCL treatment group. In conclusion, application of SHBCLs on a corneal defect, after removal of the associated sequestrum, enhances healing of the cornea and markedly improves the corneal clarity and transparency within a short period.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-Dependent Changes in Malondialdehyde and Free-Hemoglobin in Leukoreduced and Non-Leukoreduced Canine Packed Red Blood Cells Units During Storage.","authors":"Arianna Miglio, Aurora Barbetta, Valentina Cremonini, Olimpia Barbato, Giovanni Ricci, Valeria Toppi, Luca Avellini, Valentina Cavani, Maria Teresa Antognoni","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090838","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Storage of Blood units determines the accumulation of harmful substances, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and free hemoglobin (fHb). These may lead to several complications, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders in recipients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of MDA and fHb in canine leukoreduced (LR) and non-leukoreduced (NLR) packed red blood cells (pRBC) during the storage period of six weeks. Blood samples were collected from six healthy adult Weimaraner dogs (three females and three males). Whole blood was stored in citrate-phosphate-dextrose saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol additive solution (CPD-SAGM) bags and, for each donor, two pRBC units (one NLR and one LR) were produced and stored at 4 °C for 42 days. Samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42, and analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA) using a canine-specific ELISA method, and for free hemoglobin (fHb) using the Harboe direct spectrophotometric method. The results demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in MDA accumulation in LR-pRBC compared to NLR-pRBC blood units and lower values of fHb in LR at T6. However, no significant difference in fHb levels were demonstrated. These findings suggest that leukoreduction may limit oxidative stress during blood storage, reducing the potential adverse effects of transfusions related to oxidative damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Intra-uterine Ceftiofur on the Equine Uterine Microbiome.","authors":"Kalie F Beckers, Chin-Chi Liu, Viviane C L Gomes, Christopher J Schulz, Gary W Childers, Carleigh E Fedorka, Jenny L Sones","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090837","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial therapy is a mainstay for treating reproductive diseases, including endometritis. Ceftiofur, a third-generation cephalosporin, is a common antibiotic used to treat equine bacterial endometritis. It is also routinely given empirically as an intra-uterine (IU) infusion in broodmare practice. We hypothesized that ceftiofur IU would disrupt the resident microbial community within the healthy uterus of mares. To test our hypothesis, eight university-owned mares were selected for characterization of the estrual uterine microbiome before and after IU ceftiofur. Double-guarded swabs of the estrual endometrium were taken before and 3 days after both IU saline and ceftiofur in a crossover design. Isolation of DNA from endometrial swabs was performed, followed by amplification of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene by Illumina Miseq sequencing to examine core bacterial communities present before and after ceftiofur. The uterine microbial composition of sham and ceftiofur-treated mares was not significantly different as measured by beta diversity. The only notable difference was a lower abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group after ceftiofur (0.14 ± 1.05% vs. 2.89 ± 1.07% control; <i>p</i> = 0.0428). In conclusion, three-day treatment of ceftiofur did not change the microbial composition acutely within the mare uterus when sampled directly after treatment. Ceftiofur may have a long-term effect on the uterine microbiome, which may require sampling several weeks post treatment. In conclusion, ceftiofur does not change the healthy uterine microbiome acutely during estrus and but should still be used judiciously.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proinflammatory Cytokines, Type I Interferons, and Specialized Proresolving Mediators Hallmark the Influence of Vaccination and Marketing on Backgrounded Beef Cattle.","authors":"Hudson R McAllister, Sarah F Capik, Kelsey M Harvey, Bradly I Ramirez, Robert J Valeris-Chacin, Amelia R Woolums, Brandi B Karisch, Paul S Morley, Matthew A Scott","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090834","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cattle marketed through auction market systems and/or that remain unvaccinated are considered higher risk for BRD, but impacts on host response remain unclear. We sought to identify specific genomic patterns of beef calves vaccinated against BRD viruses or not and commercially marketed or directly transported in a split-plot randomized controlled trial. Forty-one calves who remained clinically healthy from birth through backgrounding were selected (randomly stratified) from a larger cohort of cattle (n = 81). Treatment groups included VAX/DIRECT (n = 12), VAX/AUCTION (n = 11), NOVAX/DIRECT (n = 7), and NOVAX/AUCTION (n = 11). Blood RNA was acquired across five time points, sequenced, and bioinformatically processed via HISAT2 and StringTie2. Significant transcriptional changes (FDR < 0.05) were observed at backgrounding entry (T5) in NOVAX/AUCTION cattle exhibiting 2809 uniquely differentially expressed genes and relative activation of immune, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways with upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes (e.g., <i>IFIT3</i>, <i>MX2</i>, and <i>TRIM25</i>) and downregulation of specialized proresolving mediator (SPM) enzymes (<i>ALOX5</i> and <i>ALOX15</i>). VAX/AUCTION cattle exhibited modulated immune activation and preserved expression of SPM-associated genes when compared to NOVAX/AUCTION cattle. Both marketing route and vaccination shape the molecular immune landscape during high-stress transitions, with preweaning vaccination potentially modulating this response. This study provides mechanistic insight into how management practices influence immunological resilience and highlights the value of integrating transcriptomics into BRD risk mitigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Investigation of Infectious Diseases at the Domestic-Synanthropic-Wild Animal Interface Reveals Threats to Endangered Species Reintroduction in AlUla, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Sulaiman F Aljasir, Abdelmaged A Draz, Bilal Aslam, Abdullah S M Aljohani, Madeh Sadan, Nawaf Al-Johani, Ayman Elbehiry, Waleed Al Abdulmonem, Musaad Aldubaib, Basheer Aldurubi, Abdulhakim M Alyahya, Abdulmalik Alduhami, Abdulaziz Aljaralh, Moh A Alkhamis, Jeffrey C Chandler, Bledar Bisha, Osama B Mohammed","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090836","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AlUla, a unique conservation and tourism hub in Saudi Arabia, is undergoing extensive biodiversity restoration efforts, including the reintroduction of threatened wild species. However, interactions among wildlife, domestic, and synanthropic animals in these reserves raise significant concerns about disease transmission to reintroduced species. This study aimed to assess disease risks at the domestic-synanthropic-wildlife interface and identify infectious diseases posing the greatest threat to reintroduced species. A multi-phased prioritization system was developed to guide monitoring based on transmissibility to protected wildlife, susceptibility of reintroduced species, reservoir hosts, vector-borne potential, likelihood of occurrence, and disease severity. A comprehensive expert review identified 61 diseases important to the reintroduced wildlife. From this, 11 priority pathogens were selected for monitoring. A total of 7760 samples were collected from 1367 domestic and synanthropic animals and were analyzed using Real-Time PCR and/or ELISA. All priority pathogens, or prior exposure to these pathogens, were detected. Disease presence was affected by factors such as species, location, health status, and grazing habits. Taken together, these findings underscore the need for robust preventive measures to mitigate disease transmission risks and ensure the sustainability of AlUla's conservation initiatives. This study also offers a model approach to support reintroduction programs and guide future conservation efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a Tannin Blend on Beef Cattle Performance and Health During the Receiving Period and Subsequent Grazing Period.","authors":"J Daniel Rivera, Miriam A Snider, Cody T Shelton, R Cyle Jones, Grayson Gourley, G Doug Hufstedler, F Henry Hilscher","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090833","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One hundred thirty-three high-risk crossbred beef steers and bulls (178.2 ± 20.9 kg) were used to evaluate dietary inclusion of a tannin (BXA) blend pellet during a 63 d receiving period and a 126 d grazing period compared with no dietary treatment (CON). Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 with pen as the experimental unit. During receiving, no differences were noted on average daily gain (ADG) on a deads-out (<i>p</i> > 0.25) or deads-in (<i>p</i> > 0.75) basis. There were tendencies for increased DMI associated with BXA from D0-21, D23-42, and D0-42 (<i>p</i> < 0.13). During the grazing period, cattle fed BXA had greater ADG from D0-56, and D0-84 (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05), and tended to have greater ADG from D0-28, D0-112, and D0-126 (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.09). Total period ADG (deads-out) did not differ between treatments (<i>p</i> = 0.18) nor on a deads-in basis (<i>p</i> = 0.20). No differences were noted in the percentage of animals treated for bovine respiratory disease (<i>p</i> = 0.19), death loss (<i>p</i> = 0.62), or percentage of animals removed as chronically morbid/dead (<i>p</i> = 0.90). Results indicate that BXA did not improve performance or health during the receiving period. However, this additive had positive effects during the grazing period.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Norepinephrine Versus Dopamine as a First-Line Vasopressor in Dogs with Hypotension: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Bridget Lyons, Rebecka Hess, Deborah C Silverstein","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090832","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) are vasopressors used to treat vasodilatory shock for decades, and norepinephrine is considered the preferred first-line vasopressor in human patients. However, there is a dearth of evidence to support specific treatment recommendations for the management of hypotensive, non-anesthetized, fluid-replete dogs. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of NE and DA on systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate, and shock index (SI) when used as first-line vasopressors for the treatment of vasodilatory shock in dogs. Twenty-four client-owned canine patients of similar age, sex, and weight with hypotension necessitating vasopressor therapy were randomized to receive NE or DA; attending clinicians were blinded. Twenty-two dogs were included in the final analysis (10 in the NE group and 12 in the DA group). Seventy-seven percent of all dogs achieved normotension. In both groups, SBP increased significantly compared to baseline (<i>p</i> = 0.0004 in the NE group and <i>p</i> = 0.006 in the DA group). The SI also decreased in both groups compared to baseline values (<i>p</i> = 0.01 in the NE group and <i>p</i> = 0.01 in the DA group). The heart rate in the NE group was higher than in the DA group at timepoints 6-10 (<i>p</i> = 0.023). Both NE and DA cause an increase in blood pressure and a decrease in SI in dogs with vasodilatory hypotension. Further investigation is warranted to determine if there are differences between NE and DA or the requirement for a second vasopressor, occurrence of arrhythmias, length of stay, and survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors and Protection Associated with Well-Being and Psychological Distress of Veterinarians in Brazil.","authors":"Bianca S Gresele, Jefferson L Pereira, Anderson da S Rosa, Helena C Lyrio-Carvalho, Sofia M V Ulisses, Alexandre R S da Silva","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090835","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Veterinary professionals are exposed to intense emotional and occupational demands that can compromise mental health. This nationwide cross-sectional study surveyed 1992 Brazilian veterinarians to assess their psychological distress, well-being, and coping strategies. Logistic regression identified that women, early-career professionals, and individuals with low income were more likely to experience psychological distress. Long working hours and professional dissatisfaction were significant risk factors. In contrast, adaptive coping behaviors, such as spending time with the family, sleeping at least eight hours per night, and engaging in leisure activities, were associated with better mental health outcomes. Institutional wellness programs tailored to the veterinary profession should incorporate strategies to mitigate stress and promote resilience. Although the cross-sectional design limits causal inference, the large sample size and use of validated measures provide robust insights. Future research should adopt longitudinal and interventional designs to refine the strategies that support veterinarians' mental well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Passive Immunoprotective Activity Using Egg Yolk IgY Antibodies of Live or Inactivated <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> Against Major Pathogenic Bacteria (<i>A. veronii</i> and <i>A. hydrophila</i>) in Fish.","authors":"Jing Chen, Pan Cui, Huihui Xiao, Xiaoqing Wu, Juan Lu, Yong Liu, Xiang Liu","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090831","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY) has significant application potential in aquaculture as passive immunotherapy against various bacterial infections owing to its capacity for large-scale and cost-effective production. In this study, IgY antibodies of live or inactivated <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> were generated by laying hens immunization. Subsequently, passive immune protection experiments of the two IgY antibodies were conducted on goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) infected with <i>A. veronii</i> and <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>. The results indicated that both live and inactivated bacteria IgY antibodies provided significant passive protection rates (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, ELISA tests demonstrated that the two IgY antibodies, as well as the serum of <i>C. auratus</i>, interacted with <i>A. veronii</i> or <i>A. hydrophila</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in vitro. The bacterial loads in the kidneys of <i>C. auratus</i> immunized with the two IgY antibodies were decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and <i>C. auratus</i> phagocytes had enhanced phagocytic activity. The expression levels of antioxidant factors (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) and inflammatory factors mRNA (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) were down-regulated (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, histopathological analysis indicated that the renal, splenic, and intestinal tissue structures remained intact, and the immunofluorescence confirmed that apoptosis and DNA damage factors of p53 and γH2A.X reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05), respectively. Thus, the IgY antibodies of live and inactivated <i>A. veronii</i> exhibit passive immune-protective effects against different pathogenic bacteria in <i>C. auratus</i>. Further, inactivated <i>A. veronii</i> immunization causes less damage to laying hens than that of live bacteria, which aligns more closely with welfare standards for laying hens, and the IgY of inactivated <i>A</i>. <i>veronii</i> is anticipated as a cross-protection against <i>A. veronii</i> and <i>A. hydrophila</i> infections in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}