Veterinary Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Genome-Wide Association Integrating a Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis Suggests That Genes Related to Fat Deposition and Muscle Development Are Closely Associated with Growth in Huaxi Cattle.","authors":"Cheng-Li Liu, Tao Ren, Peng-Cheng Ruan, Yong-Fu Huang, Simone Ceccobelli, De-Jun Huang, Lu-Pei Zhang, Guang-Xin E","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Growth traits are among the most important economic phenotypes targeted in the genetic improvement of beef cattle. To understand the genetic basis of growth traits in Huaxi cattle, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on body weight, eye muscle area, and back fat thickness across five developmental stages in a population of 202 Huaxi cattle. Additionally, publicly available RNA-seq data from the longissimus dorsi muscle of both young and adult cattle were analyzed to identify key genes and genetic markers associated with growth in Huaxi cattle. In total, 7.19 million high-quality variant loci (SNPs and INDELs) were identified across all samples. In the GWAS, the three multilocus models (FarmCPU, MLMM, and BLINK) outperformed the conventional single-locus models (CMLM, GLM, and MLM). Consequently, GWAS analysis was conducted using multilocus models, which identified 99 variant loci significantly associated with growth traits and annotated a total of 83 candidate genes (CDGs). Additionally, 23 of the 83 CDGs overlapped with significantly differentially expressed genes identified from public RNA-seq datasets of longissimus dorsi muscle between young and adult cattle. Furthermore, gene functional enrichment (KEGG and GO) analyses revealed that over 30% of the pathways and GO terms were associated with muscle development and fat deposition, crucial factors for beef production. Specifically, key genes identified included <i>MGLL</i>, <i>SGMS1</i>, <i>SNX29</i> and <i>AKAP6</i>, which are implicated in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, and muscle growth. In summary, this study provides new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying growth traits in Huaxi cattle and presents promising markers for future breeding improvements.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on the Development, Oxidative Stress, and Cryotolerance of Bovine Embryos Produced In Vitro.","authors":"Mariana Moreira Dos Anjos, Gabriela Rodrigues de Paula, Deborah Nakayama Yokomizo, Camila Bortoliero Costa, Mariana Marques Bertozzi, Waldiceu Aparecido Verri, Amauri Alcindo Alfieri, Fábio Morotti, Marcelo Marcondes Seneda","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative stress (OS) induced by an imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in vitro impairs embryonic development. Here, we assessed the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in in vitro production media on OS reduction, embryonic development, and cryotolerance of bovine embryos. We evaluated the effects of adding different concentrations of ALA (2.5, 5, 10, and 25 μM) to in vitro maturation (IVM) or in vitro culture (IVC) medium on embryonic development. We also determined the effects of adding ALA (25 μM) to the IVM and IVC medium in the same routine on the development and quality of embryos, ROS levels, and cryotolerance. Embryos were produced in vitro using conventional protocols for each treatment. The inclusion of ALA in the IVM and IVC media did not affect the development or quality of embryos; however, it reduced ROS levels in grade II embryos and increased hatching after 12 h on day 7 in grade I embryos and on day 8 in grade II embryos after warming. These findings prompt questions regarding the potential of ALA in improving embryo metabolism, considering the initial embryo recovery in the first few hours of embryo warming.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Transcriptomics Analysis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus-Infected Cell Model Systems.","authors":"Haibin Ma, Zhenzhen Zheng, Min Liu, Mengsi Zhang, Xiaoyun Qu, Jingqiang Ren, Ming Liao","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The highly contagious FMDV is the agent responsible for foot-and-mouth disease, significantly impacting animals with cloven hooves and incurring substantial economic losses globally. The FMDV genome, composed of single-stranded RNA, consists of approximately 8500 nucleotides and harbors a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding both structural and non-structural proteins vital for the virus's pathogenicity and replication. BHK-21 (baby hamster kidney) cells are the optimal cell line for FMDV culture due to their robust viral replication ability and high infection susceptibility. The insufficient elucidation of the host response to FMDV hampers progress towards the establishment of precise therapeutic interventions. To fill this void in understanding, samples from FMDV-challenged and control BHK-21 cells were systematically procured, with comprehensive transcriptome sequencing subsequently undertaken to delineate the gene expression landscapes of each group. A total of 4018 differentially expressed genes were identified, of which 2044 were downregulated and 1974 were upregulated. The data indicate that FMDV infection significantly enhances transcription initiation in BHK-21. According to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, FMDV affects a number of immune-related processes as well as the movement of chemicals within cells. In the analysis of the protein-protein interaction network, Fos, Flt3lg, Rpl22l1, Ifi35, Ep300, and Rps16 emerged as pivotal hub proteins, underscoring their significant roles within the cellular interactome. The RT-qPCR experiment of Lgfb5, Ler2, Vgll3, and Ahr verified that the DEGs' expression profiles matched the results of the RNA-seq investigation. The study's findings have enhanced our understanding of the molecular pathways underlying FMDV pathogenesis and host interactions. Furthermore, the identification of key genes could serve as potential targets for therapeutic strategies and diagnostic tools, thereby enhancing control measures for livestock foot-and-mouth disease and mitigating its economic impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of Studying Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of Wild Animals in the Amazon Biome with a Focus on One Health.","authors":"Felipe Masiero Salvarani, Hanna Gabriela da Silva Oliveira, Letícia Yasmin Silva Correa, Aline Alessandra Lima Soares, Brenda Cabral Ferreira","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Amazon Biome is home to an extraordinary diversity of wildlife, many of which are reservoirs or vectors for infectious and parasitic diseases that can impact not only the health of wild animals but also human and domestic animal populations. This narrative review highlights the critical importance of studying infectious and parasitic diseases in wild animals within the Amazon, particularly in the context of the One Health approach, which recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. This narrative review examines key pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites, that pose significant risks to wildlife conservation and public health. Through a synthesis of recent literature, this article emphasizes the need for comprehensive surveillance, research, and collaboration between the veterinary, medical, and environmental sectors. The results underscore the urgent necessity for an integrated response to emerging diseases, particularly as environmental changes and human activities increasingly disrupt ecosystems in the region. The conclusions advocate for the reinforcement of One Health initiatives in the Amazon Biome to ensure the protection of biodiversity and the prevention of zoonotic disease transmission to human populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging Studies of the Stifle Joint in <i>Puma concolor</i> (Linnaeus, 1771).","authors":"Eduardo Burgarelli Mayrink Cardoso, Sheila Canevese Rahal, Jeana Pereira da Silva, Maria Jaqueline Mamprim, Jair Theodoro Filho, Gabriela Montezel Frigerio, Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva, Mário Manuel Dinis Ginja, Karin Werther","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the stifle joint of wild felines shares several characteristics observed in domestic cats, other characteristics are specific to each species. This study aimed to evaluate the stifle joints of eight <i>Puma concolor</i>, including two young and six adults, through different imaging examinations. All stifles were assessed using radiographs and computed tomography (CT). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on the stifles of one animal using 7 Tesla equipment. In all imaging modalities, the four sesamoid bones were detected. Meniscal mineralization was identified in the stifles of three adult animals and one young animal. The cruciate ligaments and menisci were identified on CT, with MRI providing better visualization. The mean values of CT measurements (cm²) in the sagittal section included patella (2.475), medial fabella (0.481), lateral fabella (0.772), popliteal sesamoid (0.222), and medial meniscus (0.051). No differences were found in HU values between the central trabecular bone of the patella and popliteal sesamoid, the cortical bone of the patella and lateral and medial fabellas, or the cortical bone of the patella and popliteal sesamoid. In conclusion, the descriptions of the stifle of <i>Puma concolor</i> from the different imaging methods contribute to understanding the species and can serve as a basis for identifying alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraoperative Frozen Section Biopsy for the Auxiliary Diagnosis of Transmural Intestinal Intermediate T-Cell Canine Lymphoma.","authors":"Felipe Gaia de Sousa, Gabrielly Milioli, José Antônio Neto, Flavia de Felice, Guilherme Chaves, Mariana Pereira, Hiasmyn Lopes, Julia Wronski, Karen Nakagaki, Suzane Beier","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intestinal lymphoma is characterized by a malignant lymphoid neoplasm with multifactorial causes, variable clinical symptoms, and, in some cases, rapid progression. This article describes a case of intestinal lymphoma in a dog that had a history of diarrhea lasting two months, accompanied by episodes of hematochezia, which was treated using the CHOP 19 protocol. A seven-year-old male Golden Retriever presented to a veterinary clinic with clinical signs of diarrhea, prostration, and the presence of bloody feces, as reported by the owner. Initial examinations, including hematology, serum biochemistry, and imaging, revealed an abnormal structure in the intestinal region. Considering the circumstances, a surgical procedure was conducted with the aid of a trans-surgical frozen section biopsy. This biopsy aimed to verify the presence of the neoplasm, assess the suspected diagnosis, evaluate the viability of the surgical margins, and determine the possibility of expanding the surgical area. An enterectomy with enteroanastomosis and trans-surgical biopsy was performed, leading to an initial diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma. The tissue fragment was sent for immunohistochemistry, which ultimately confirmed the diagnosis of intestinal T-cell lymphoma. The patient underwent the CHOP protocol for 19 weeks, but during the maintenance phase, abdominal ultrasound examination findings indicated tumor recurrence. Despite being informed of the potential benefits of further chemotherapy, the owner opted not to continue treatment for the animal. Frozen section biopsy can help with diagnosis during surgery, avoiding more invasive procedures and the removal of lymph nodes, since in some cases, the systemic treatment of the disease is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Efficacy Evaluation of a Novel Nanoparticle-Based Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay for Serological Studies of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus.","authors":"Fengyan Liang, Wenyue Qiao, Mengjia Zhang, Zhangtiantian Hu, Shan Zhao, Qigui Yan, Wentao Li, Yifei Lang","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a major pathogen that causes serious economic losses to the swine industry. To aid PEDV clinical diagnosis and vaccine development, sensitive and precise serological methods are demanded for rapid detection of (neutralizing) antibodies. Aiming for the development of a novel virus-free hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, the N-terminal region of the PEDV S1 subunit, encompassing the sialic acid-binding motif, was first expressed as an Fc-fusion protein with a C-terminal Spy Tag (S1^0A-Spy). The S1^0A-Spy protein was then presented on SpyCatcher-mi3 nanoparticles, forming virus-like particles designated S1^0A-NPs. Electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis confirmed its topology, and the hemagglutination assay showed that S1^0A-NPs can efficiently agglutinate red blood cells. The HI assay based on S1^0A-NPs was then validated with PEDV-positive and -negative samples. The results showed that the HI assay had high specificity for the detection of PEDV antibodies. Next, a total of 253 clinical serum samples were subjected to the HI testing along with virus neutralization (VN) assay. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve with VN was 0.959, and the <i>kappa</i> value was 0.759. Statistical analysis of the results indicated that the HI titers of the samples tested exhibited high consistency with the VN titers. Taken together, a novel virus-free HI assay based on the multivalent display of a chimeric PEDV spike protein upon self-assembling nanoparticles was established, providing a new approach for PEDV serological diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Immunogenicity Study of Subunit Vaccines Based on Spike Proteins of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus.","authors":"Mingguo Xu, Zhonglian Yang, Ningning Yang, Honghuan Li, Hailong Ma, Jihai Yi, Huilin Hou, Fangfang Han, Zhongchen Ma, Chuangfu Chen","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) are responsible for significant economic losses in the swine industry. The S1 proteins of these viruses serve as key targets for vaccine development. In this study, prokaryotic expression vectors for pCZN1-PEDV S1, pCZN1-TGEV S1, and pCZN1-PEDV S1-TGEV S1 were constructed. The corresponding proteins were expressed, purified, and used to prepare monovalent, bivalent, and mixed (PEDV S1 + TGEV S1) vaccines. Kunming (KM) mice were immunized with subunit vaccines, with PBS as the negative control (NC) and a commercial inactivated vaccine as the positive control (PC). Immune responses, including specific antibody (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a) levels, virus neutralization, and IFN-γ production, were evaluated. All vaccines induced high levels of specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies. At weeks 2 and 8, the PEDV S1 + TGEV S1 vaccine induced significantly higher levels of specific IgG and IgG1 compared to the PC (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The PEDV S1 vaccine also induced significantly higher specific IgG2a levels than the PC at week 4 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Virus neutralization assays demonstrated that the subunit vaccines induced neutralizing antibody levels comparable to or exceeding those of the PC. Furthermore, IFN-γ levels were significantly elevated in all vaccinated groups compared to the NC (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), indicating a robust immune response. These results suggest that the subunit vaccines are promising candidates for the safe and effective control of both PEDV and TGEV infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Analysis of Fecal SCFAs and Their Contribution to Adipogenesis in UCP1 Knock-In Pigs.","authors":"Chengyu Zhao, Jianfei Pan, Yanfang Wang, Jianguo Zhao, Jiaojiao Huang","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the changes in fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content in UCP1 knock-in pigs (KI pigs) and their effect on adipogenesis. Fecal samples from five 6-month-old wild-type (WT) and KI pigs were collected for targeted metabolomics and 16s rRNA sequencing analyses to identify differences in SCFAs and gut microbiota that may contribute to regulating fat deposition in pigs. The metabolome of pig fecal samples targeted for an analysis of SCFAs identified seven SCFAs, with caproic acid (except isovaleric acid) being the significantly different one. The results of the fecal 16s rRNA analysis demonstrated a notable reduction in the abundance of <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. in the KI pigs in comparison to the WT pigs, with a statistically significant difference. Correlation analyses demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation between the abundance of <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. and SCFAs, as well as pig body weight and fatness. It was postulated that the reduction in SCFAs in the intestinal tracts of KI pigs may be associated with a reduction in <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. abundance. Compared to WT pigs, the concentration of fecal SCFAs in KI pigs was significantly reduced, which may be related to the decreased abundance of <i>Streptococcus</i>. The in vitro experiments showed that caproic acid could significantly enhance the differentiation efficiency of porcine SVF cells into mature adipocytes by activating the <i>FFAR4</i> gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary NGAL and KIM-1 in Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis.","authors":"Mariana Elisa Pereira, Darlan Henrique Canei, Yolanda Paim Arruda Trevisan, Fernanda Harumi Maruyama, Nathália de Assis Pereira, Eduarda Pavan, Carolina Zorzo, Adriane Jorge Mendonça, Luciano Nakazato, Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira Martins, Juliano Bortolini, Daniel Moura de Aguiar, Arleana Bom Parto Ferreira de Almeida, Valéria Régia Franco Sousa","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12020105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glomerulonephritis, caused by the deposition of immune complexes, can lead to kidney damage in dogs with canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME). The early diagnosis of renal insult is important to prevent severe kidney disease in infected dogs by <i>Ehrlichia canis</i>. This study aimed to investigate urinary biomarkers of renal function, neutrophil gelatinase (uNGAL), and kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1) using the Luminex^® xMAP^® platform, and the proportion of mixed or high molecular weight proteinuria in dogs with CME. This study included blood samples of thirty dogs with clinical signs of CME and amplified DNA for <i>E. canis</i> (CME group) and six dogs of different breeds and both sexes, aged 3 to 7 years, that showed no clinical-laboratory alterations or tick parasitism and were tested negative for <i>E. canis</i> via PCR (control group). The total calcium, phosphorus (<i>p</i> < 0.05), urea (<i>p</i> < 0.001), creatinine (<i>p</i> < 0.05), urinary density (<i>p</i> < 0.05), urinary protein creatinine ratio (<i>p</i> < 0.001), uNGAL (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and uKIM-1 (<i>p</i> > 0.05), as well as the proportion of high molecular weight proteinuria and mixed proteinuria (<i>p</i> < 0.01), were measured. Elevated serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, and phosphorus combined with reduced urinary density, increased urinary creatinine-protein ratio, urinary NGAL, and mixed proteinuria detected renal damage in dogs with CME, while KIM -1 remained unchanged. uNGAL can detect early renal lesions, reflecting renal damage before a significant increase in serum creatinine occurs, and appears to be an early diagnostic biomarker in renal disease in dogs with CME.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}