Veterinary Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Exploratory, Randomized, Dose-Response Study of the Anti-PD-L1 Antibody HFC-L1/c4G12 in Dogs with Pulmonary Metastatic Oral Malignant Melanoma.","authors":"Kenji Hosoya, Sangho Kim, Ryohei Kinoshita, Naoya Maekawa, Satoru Konnai, Satoshi Takagi, Michihito Tagawa, Yumiko Kagawa, Tatsuya Deguchi, Ryo Owaki, Yurika Tachibana, Madoka Yokokawa, Hiroto Takeuchi, Hayato Nakamura, Akinori Yamauchi, Ayano Kudo, Shintaro Kamo, Yukinari Kato, Shigeki Kanazawa, Tomoyuki Abe, Takuya Furuta, Keiichi Yamamoto, Yasuhiko Suzuki, Tomohiro Okagawa, Shiro Murata, Kazuhiko Ohashi","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090850","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is a highly aggressive malignancy in dogs. The development of effective systemic therapies is urgently required to improve the treatment of canine OMM. Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been investigated in canines following their dramatic success in human cancer treatment; however, there is still a need for extensive veterinary clinical studies to clarify and optimize their clinical benefits. Among the ICIs under development for canine cancer immunotherapy, c4G12 (HFC-L1), a canine chimeric anti-PD-L1 antibody, has shown promising efficacy in dogs with pulmonary metastatic OMM in previous clinical studies. However, the optimal dose of HFC-L1/c4G12 has not yet been determined. To explore the dose-response relationship of HFC-L1, a multicenter, randomized clinical study was conducted using three different doses (2, 5, or 10 mg/kg via intravenous infusion every 2 weeks) to treat dogs with pulmonary metastatic OMM (<i>n</i> = 8-9 per group). The safety profiles were similar among the dose groups, and numerically longer median overall survival was achieved in the higher dose groups (5 and 10 mg/kg) than in the 2 mg/kg group. Although the study was exploratory in nature with a small sample size, 5-10 mg/kg should be considered the preferred dose in future clinical studies using HFC-L1.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Profiling, Tissue Distribution, and Tolerance Assessment of Bopu Powder in Laying Hens Following Long-Term Dietary Administration.","authors":"Hongting Wang, Xinhao Wang, Jiaxin Xu, Zihui Yang, Zhen Dong, Jianguo Zeng, Hua Liu","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090848","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to elucidate the metabolic profile and safety of Bopu Powder in laying hens, focusing on its principal alkaloids protopine (PRO) and allocryptopine (ALL). Nine hens received intravenous PRO (1 mg/kg·bw), ALL (1 mg/kg·bw), or saline. Blood (5-120 min post-dose) and feces (48 h collection) were analyzed via LC-Q-TOF-MS, revealing 9 ALL and 12 PRO metabolites, including two novel structures. In a separate 56-day trial, 324 hens were assigned to control, 50 mg/kg Bopu Powder (BP), or 500 mg/kg Bopu Powder (BPX) groups. Post-trial analyses showed PRO and ALL residues primarily in their kidneys (BP: PRO 11.21 ng/g, ALL 6.59 ng/g; BPX: PRO 23.62 ng/g, ALL 7.92 ng/g) and livers (BP: PRO 15.52 ng/g; BPX: PRO 269.49 ng/g, ALL 56.14 ng/g). Residues in eggs occurred exclusively in the BPX group (PRO 26.86 ng/g, ALL 12.29 ng/g). No residues were detected in other tissues (jejunum, ileum, ovaries, oviducts, uterus, muscle, fat, gizzard). Serum biochemical indicators and histopathological examinations were used to evaluate the long-term effects of Bopu Powder. The results confirmed that supplementation at doses up to 500 mg/kg did not induce any significant physiological or histopathological alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological and Molecular Characterization of <i>Avipoxvirus</i> Infection in <i>Burhinus oedicnemus</i> in the Canary Islands.","authors":"Ana Colom-Rivero, Antonio Fernández, Lucía Marrero-Ponce, Derke Padrón-Ramírez, Lucía Caballero-Hernández, Candela Rivero-Herrera, Cristian M Suárez-Santana, Eva Sierra","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090849","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian poxvirus was diagnosed in eight wild Stone-curlews (<i>Burhinus oedicnemus</i>) from the Canary Islands, based on a combination of pathological and molecular analysis. Affected birds exhibited lesions consistent with poxvirus infection; three of four with mild lesions (≤2 on pelvic limbs, excluding phalanges) were successfully rehabilitated and released, while four with moderate (≤2 on phalanges) to severe lesions (≥3 on phalanges) potentially faced impaired mobility, increased predation risk, and reduced foraging efficiency. Histopathology of six individuals revealed Bollinger bodies, characteristic of <i>Avipoxvirus</i> infection, and molecular analysis confirmed the presence of viral DNA in six cases. Three genetically distinct viral variants were identified, each associated with different phylogenetic clades and subclades, suggesting substantial viral diversity within this host species. Co-infection with <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> was also detected in six of the eight birds, confirmed by molecular analysis in either skin lesions or lung tissue. To our knowledge, this represents the first report of <i>A. fumigatus</i> co-infection in Stone-curlews with <i>Avipoxvirus</i>. Additionally, one individual presented a tumor-like lesion, expanding the known pathological manifestations of the disease. These findings provide new insights into avian pox and highlight the importance of considering fungal co-infections in the differential diagnosis, given their potential to exacerbate disease severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcocystosis in Farm Animals in Brazil: A One-Health Approach.","authors":"Michel Dos Santos Pinto, João Alfredo Biagi Camargo Neto, Carlos Wilson Gomes Lopes, Fernando Paiva, Luiz Daniel de Barros, Gustavo Felippelli, Fernando de Souza Rodrigues, Giovanni Widmer, Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090842","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcocystosis is a parasitic infection caused by obligate intracellular coccidia, which infect humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. More than 200 <i>Sarcocystis</i> species have already been identified, but for many of these, the life cycle, pathogenesis, and clinical signs remain unclear. The infection is cosmopolitan, with high prevalence in cattle herds worldwide. Although the clinical disease in definitive hosts is considered rare, the high number of sporocysts released by them drives the incidence in production animals. Furthermore, sarcocystosis has some One Health relevance due to its zoonotic potential, especially concerning species infecting primates. Few studies have reported on the epidemiology of sarcocystosis in Brazil. However, a high prevalence of the disease was found in areas where investigations of <i>Sarcocystis</i> species were conducted, which highlights the potential for foodborne transmission to humans. Therefore, it is relevant to study this parasitic disease so that control and prophylaxis measures can be adopted. This study aims to review the current state of knowledge on <i>Sarcocystis</i> spp. in farm animals in Brazil.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Reverse Transcriptase Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Dipstick for Rapid Detection of Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV): Pilot Study.","authors":"Saralee Srivorakul, Thunyamas Guntawang, Tidaratt Sittisak, Thanchanok Gordsueb, Kittikorn Boonsri, Rutch Khattiya, Nattawooti Sthitmatee, Kidsadagon Pringproa","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090845","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) is well known as a highly contagious viral infection in aquaculture, particularly affecting Tilapia worldwide. Until recently, various TiLV diagnostic methods have been used for rapid and accurate diagnostic procedures that are crucial for timely disease detection and reducing losses. In this study, we developed an alternative method for investigating TiLV diagnosis using Reverse Transcriptase Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RT-RPA) assay combined with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD). The test was generated by specific anti-FITC and anti-Biotin capture antibodies that are compatible with the TiLV-specific primers tagged with FITC and Biotin. The test was conducted by the reverse transcriptase of target TiLV RNA and RPA amplification at 39 °C for 20 min. The products were then determined by a positive band signal via LFD. The RT-RPA-LFD assay detected the plasmid of TiLV (pTiLV) with a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 3.19 copies/µL, while the RT-PCR-LFD assay detected it with an LOD of 319 copies/µL. Our findings demonstrate that RT-RPA-LFD represents a possible alternative to RT-PCR for the rapid and sensitive detection of TiLV, especially in areas with limited infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Dual Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Effects of <i>Phallus indusiatus</i> in a Feline Infectious Peritonitis Model Using PBMCs.","authors":"Chularat Hlaoperm, Wassamon Moyadee, Emwalee Wongsaengnoi, Wiwat Klankaew, Amonpun Rattanasrisomporn, Atchara Paemanee, Kiattawee Choowongkomon, Oumaporn Rungsuriyawiboon, Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090847","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a progressive and often fatal disease caused by a virulent biotype of feline coronavirus (FCoV). Although antiviral treatments are now available, relapse and resistance remain ongoing concerns. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of <i>P. indusiatus</i>, a medicinal mushroom, for its antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities against FIP. The main protease (FIPV M^pro) of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) was recombinantly expressed and purified to facilitate enzyme inhibition screening. <i>P. indusiatus</i> exhibited the strongest FIPV M^pro inhibitory activity among the 17 mushroom extracts tested (69.2%), showing a notable level of inhibition relative to standard antiviral agents such as lopinavir and ritonavir. To assess its anti-inflammatory potential, PBMCs derived from healthy cats and FIP-associated effusions (FIP fluid) were cultured and stimulated with LPS to induce inflammation. In healthy PBMCs, <i>P. indusiatus</i> significantly reduced nitrite levels, with effects similar to dexamethasone. However, PBMCs from FIP fluid, already in an activated state, showed no additional response. Notably, this study is the first to successfully isolate and culture PBMCs from FIP fluid, providing a new platform for future immunological research. These findings suggest that <i>P. indusiatus</i> possesses both antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, positioning it as a potential dual-action therapeutic candidate for FIP. Further investigation into cytokine signaling pathways is warranted to clarify its mechanisms of action and advance future therapeutic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric and Histological Characterization of Chestnuts in Dezhou Donkeys and Associations with Phenotypic Traits.","authors":"Wenting Chen, Xiaotong Liu, Qifei Zhu, Junjie Liu, Abd Ullah, Yihong Liu, Jinjin Wei, Muhammad Zahoor Khan, Changfa Wang","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090846","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chestnuts are keratinized skin structures found on equine limbs, but their characteristics in donkeys remain poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize chestnut morphology and histology in Dezhou donkeys and examine correlations with phenotypic traits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 347 Dezhou donkeys (0.3-15 years, 79-419 kg). Chestnut dimensions were measured using precision calipers, and correlations were analyzed with age, body weight, limb measurements, and thoracolumbar vertebral counts. Histological analysis compared chestnut tissue with adjacent normal skin using standard H&E staining protocols.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Donkeys exclusively possessed chestnuts on forelimbs, predominantly showing regular geometric configurations. Histologically, chestnut tissue exhibited marked hyperkeratosis (>30 cellular layers vs. 4-6 in normal skin), widespread melanocyte distribution throughout the epidermis, and complete absence of cutaneous appendages. In group A, strong positive correlations were observed between chestnut width and age (r = +0.527, <i>p</i> < 0.01), body weight (r = +0.538, <i>p</i> < 0.01), and limb measurements (r > +0.589 <i>p</i> < 0.01). No significant correlations existed with vertebral numbers. In group B Dezhou donkeys older than 2 years, the length and width of the forelimb chestnuts showed the strongest significant correlation with right forelimb measurements, while no significant correlations were observed with other variables (age, body weight, and hindlimb measurements).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chestnuts in Dezhou donkeys represent specialized integumentary structures with unique histological features and strong correlations with somatic development. These findings support their potential utility as biometric markers for individual identification and indicate coordinated developmental regulation with overall growth patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Preoperative Antiseptic Efficacy of Ozone on Dog Skin in Comparison with Traditional Methods.","authors":"Pierre Melanie, Carlotta Niola, Federico Guerrini, Nicolò Pareto, Simone Mancini, Filippo Fratini","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090843","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper aims to assess the antiseptic capacity of a double-distilled ozonated water solution and compare it to standard presurgical antiseptic protocols based on chlorhexidine and alcohol. Sixty-three canine patients undergoing different surgical procedures (such as thoracic, abdominal, proximal limb, or cervical) were enrolled in the study. Following extensive preoperative clipping of the selected anatomical regions, four standardized skin areas (6 × 6 cm each) were aseptically sampled according to a predefined protocol: Area 1 received soap-based chlorhexidine followed by alcoholic chlorhexidine; Area 2 was prepared using a combination of soap-based chlorhexidine and ozonated water; Areas 3 and 4 underwent presurgical skin antisepsis with a combination of ethyl alcohol and ozonated water, and ozonated water alone, respectively. Two different samples per area were collected using bacteriological buffers in order to evaluate the bacterial count at 90 s and 180 s, respectively. Those samples were sown via streak plating on Petri dishes using PCA (plate count agar) as the medium. The determination of the total mesophilic bacterial count on Petri dishes was used to assess the efficacy of the antiseptics in different areas. Results show that ozonated bidistilled water demonstrated comparable or superior efficacy compared to other antiseptics tested in this study. Its integration into surgical protocols could enhance patient safety while controlling environmental concerns associated with the massive use of chemical antiseptics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotyping and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Strains Isolated from Pet Food and Feed Samples: A One Health Perspective.","authors":"Nikolaos D Andritsos, Antonia Mataragka, Nikolaos Tzimotoudis, Anastasia-Spyridoula Chatzopoulou, Maria Kotsikori, John Ikonomopoulos","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090844","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foodborne pathogenic bacteria, like <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, can be detected in the primary food production environment. On the other hand, and in the current context of One Health, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is gaining increased attention worldwide, as it poses significant threat to public health. The purpose of this study was to confirm the presence of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and <i>L. monocytogenes</i> in pet food and feed samples, by means of biochemical and/or serological testing of the microbial isolates, and then to screen for AMR against a panel of selected antibiotics. Serotyping of the isolates with multiplex polymerase chain reaction revealed the presence of three of the most common clinical <i>Salmonella</i> serovars (<i>S.</i> Enteritidis, <i>S.</i> Typhimurium, <i>S.</i> Thompson) and the major epidemiologically important <i>L. monocytogenes</i> serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 4b) in 15 and 9 confirmed isolates of the pathogens, respectively. Strains of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. showed resistance to tetracycline (<i>n</i> = 3) and combined AMR to tetracycline with either ampicillin (<i>n</i> = 2) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (<i>n</i> = 3), without any multidrug resistance (MDR) being recorded whatsoever. AMR in <i>L. monocytogenes</i> was documented in 55.5% of the bacterial strains (<i>n</i> = 5) tested against ciprofloxacin, meropenem, penicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. Alarmingly, one strain of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> was MDR to the latter five antibiotics and deemed resistant in three antibiotic groups (carbapenems, penicillins, tetracyclines), after exhibiting minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to meropenem (MIC = 4 μg/mL), penicillin (MIC = 4 μg/mL), and tetracycline (MIC = 48 μg/mL). To the best of our knowledge, finding an MDR <i>L. monocytogenes</i> in pet food is something reported for the first time herein. The results presented in this study highlight the presence of important foodborne bacterial pathogens, such as <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and <i>L. monocytogenes</i>, with increased AMR to antibiotics and possible MDR at the primary production and at the farm level, due to the misuse of pharmacological substances used to treat zoonotic diseases, probably resulting in detection of resistant strains of these pathogenic bacteria in animal-originated food products (e.g., meat, milk, eggs).</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Sperm Retrieval Efficiency and Extender Impact in Cryopreserved Canine Epididymal Semen.","authors":"Elisabeth Bernklau, Axel Wehrend, Abbas Farshad","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090840","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci12090840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: Cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa in dogs is challenging due to their lower cryotolerance compared to ejaculated spermatozoa. Given the limited sperm volume obtained per individual, efficient recovery and preservation techniques are essential. (2) Methods: This study assessed sperm collection and cryopreservation methods from the cauda epididymis of ten dogs undergoing routine elective castration. After dissection and mincing, the cauda epididymidis tissue was incubated in 0.9% saline at 38 °C for either 10- or 30-min. Samples were analyzed for concentration and motility using AndroVision^® software (CASA; AndroVision™; Minitüb GmbH) (Tiefenbach, Germany). Additional evaluations included histological examination, hypoosmotic swelling test, live/dead staining, and morphological assessments. Three extenders, custom-made Tris-Fructose-Citrate (Tris), custom-made Uppsala, and commercial Optixcell^®, were used for cryopreservation and compared for post-thaw sperm quality. (3) Results: No significant differences were found between the 10- and 30-min incubation groups regarding sperm motility, viability, or histological integrity. The total sperm counts were 292 × 10⁶ ± 175 × 10⁶ for the 10 min group and 233 × 10⁶ ± 162 × 10⁶ for the 30 min group (<i>p</i> = 0.56). Histological sections revealed no significant difference in residual intraluminal spermatozoa between groups, indicating that 10 min of incubation is sufficient for effective sperm migration. Post-thaw sperm motility was significantly higher with Uppsala (17.2 ± 12.2%) and Optixcell^® (11.7 ± 6.5%) compared to Tris (4.7 ± 4.8%). Morphological abnormalities were lowest in samples preserved with Optixcell^® (37.5 ± 10.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.005). (4) Conclusion: A 10 min incubation period is adequate for efficient recovery of epididymal sperm in dogs. Among the tested extenders, Uppsala and Optixcell^® demonstrated superior cryoprotective effects, resulting in better post-thaw motility and reduced morphological abnormalities compared to Tris.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}