Veterinary Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Nutritional Factors Related to Canine Gallbladder Diseases-A Scoping Review.","authors":"Fabio Alves Teixeira, Kathleen Moira Aicher, Ricardo Duarte","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12010005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gallbladder mucocele, cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, and cholecystitis are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality in dogs. The exact etiology of these conditions remains poorly understood, though various factors, such as endocrinopathies, dyslipidemia, and impaired gallbladder motility, have been suggested as potential contributors. Surgical intervention has been described as the first choice of treatment when biliary rupture or obstruction is suspected; however, medical management may be an important part of therapeutic or preventative strategy. Reports of medical management typically involve the use of a choleretic used to stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum or substances that act as a \"hepatoprotective\" agent such as S-adenosylmethionine. In people, some nutrients appear to modify bile flow and are used as agents in the prevention and treatment of these conditions in the gallbladder. This paper provides a review of the literature about possible nutritional factors involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of canine gallbladder mucocele and cholelithiasis. Opportunities for the prevention and treatment of common biliary diseases in dogs may include the reduction of dietary fat, control of hyperlipidemia with omega-3 and fiber supplementation, ensuring an adequate supply of amino acids such as methionine and tryptophan, and the evaluation of vitamins such as vitamin D.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microgeographical Variation in <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i> Prevalence in Dogs in Suburban and Urban Areas of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.","authors":"Marianna Laura Elis Chocobar, Elizabeth Moreira Dos Santos Schmidt, Ângelo Joel Ferreira Mendes, Paul Christopher Duncan Johnson, William Weir, Rossella Panarese","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12010003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dirofilariosis, a mosquito-borne disease caused by <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i> and <i>Dirofilaria repens</i>, affects canids, felids and occasionally humans. Recent evidence suggests that <i>D. immitis</i> prevalence is rising in the canine populations in several areas of Brazil, even those historically considered to be non-endemic, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance. However, prevalence studies are frequently based on inference from single diagnostic methods, and it is acknowledged that this may lead to biases and an underestimation of the disease situation. Thus, this cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of <i>Dirofilaria</i> spp. infection in dogs and cats across suburban and urban areas in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The investigation was conducted using a multi-diagnostic approach with binomial generalised linear models (GLMs) applied to investigate the association between the occurrence of infection and potential disease determinants. Blood samples from 497 dogs and 107 cats, collected at a veterinary mobile neutering unit, underwent parasitological, serological and molecular testing to detect <i>Dirofilaria</i> spp. infections. Among the dog samples, an overall 7.44% tested positive for <i>D. immitis</i> infection, while <i>D. repens</i> was not detected. In contrast, no cat samples tested positive for either parasite species. Prevalence was notably higher in suburban areas (14.47%) than in the urban area of Rio de Janeiro (6.17%) (<i>p</i> = 0.003). Dogs aged over two years had a higher risk of being infected (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while features such as breed, sex, size, coat type, use of macrocyclic lactones or access to outdoor spaces were not found to be predictive factors. This study reinforces the evidence that the prevalence of <i>D. immitis</i> is increasing in areas previously considered to have low prevalence or to be non-endemic. It also suggests that environmental and socioeconomic factors may play a key role in determining the current epidemiological status of this parasite. These findings highlight the need for increased monitoring in high-risk areas, targeted prevention and public awareness to address this emerging One Health concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception (KAP) of Sheep Farmers Regarding Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in Tunisia, North Africa.","authors":"Médiha Khamassi Khbou, Syrine Rekik, Rihab Romdhane, Limam Sassi, Felicitas Bergmann, Martin H Groschup, Mourad Rekik, Mohamed Gharbi","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12010002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) are a threat to human and animal health worldwide. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitudes/practices, and perceptions (KAP) of 86 farmers of extensive sheep farming systems across different agro-ecological areas in Tunisia. The response rate was about 91.3%. Overall, 68.5% of the questions referring to knowledge and perceptions were answered correctly. Indeed, about half of the respondents were aware that ticks infest animals, with weight loss given as the major consequence. However, more than half of the farmers were unaware of the transmission and vectorial role of ticks. Those who knew that ticks are vectors cited microbes and icterus as the main concerns. A broad majority of farmers (70.9%) stated that they removed the attached ticks manually and 45.3% crushed them. As acaricides were perceived to be efficient for fighting ticks, according to 97.7% of the sheep farmers, they were used for both the animals and their sleeping areas. Although the toxicity of acaricides is known, 59.3% of the respondents did not use personal protection equipment when applying these products. Taken together, gaps in KAP among sheep farmers were identified. It can be used to better design awareness communication tools for TBPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predisposing Factors for Pseudoplacentational Endometrial Hyperplasia or Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia in Dogs and Their Association with Pyometra.","authors":"Clarissa Helena Santana, Monique Ferreira Souza, Laice Alves da Silva, Lucas Dos Reis de Souza, André Marcos Santana, Ayisa Rodrigues Oliveira, Tatiane Alves da Paixão, Renato Lima Santos","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12010001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pseudoplacentational endometrial hyperplasia (PEH) and cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) are both hyperplastic conditions that may occur in the canine uterus during diestrus. CEH can impair fertility, and, although the consequences of PEH are poorly known, this condition is significantly associated with pyometra. The aim of this study was to investigate frequencies of both PEH and CEH in female dogs according to age, size, breed, and breed group. Uteri from 300 female dogs were sampled and processed for histopathologic analyses. Lesions were identified, and frequencies were statistically compared. PEH was significantly more frequent in dogs between 4 and 12 years of age and significantly less frequent in Yorkshires than Shih-tzus, as well as in the breed group that includes Brazilian Terriers and Yorkshires. CEH was significantly more frequent in dogs older than 12 years, but no breed predisposition was observed. The frequency of PEH was significantly higher than that of CEH. The frequency of pyometra in PEH cases was significantly higher than endometritis or uterus without inflammation. This study identified age, breed group, and size as predisposing factors for PEH and further demonstrated the association between this condition and pyometra in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sperm Functional Status: A Multiparametric Assessment of the Fertilizing Potential of Bovine Sperm.","authors":"Timea Sarah Odinius, Mathias Siuda, Matthias Lautner, Claus Leiding, Stefan Neuner, Heinrich Bollwein, Eleni Malama","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11120678","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11120678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sperm viability is routinely assessed for the quality control of cryopreserved bovine sperm batches but is not usually conclusive regarding their fertilizing potential. In this study, we investigated the fertility predictive value of bull sperm viability in combination with DNA integrity or the functional status of viable sperm. In addition to sperm viability, we flow cytometrically assessed the percentage of sperm with high DNA fragmentation index (%DFI) and the fraction of viable sperm with low intracellular Ca²⁺ content and functional mitochondria using the Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay and a five-color staining panel in 791 and 733 cryopreserved batches with non-return rate (NRR) records after ≥100 first services, respectively. Using linear mixed-effects models and conditional inference trees, we examined the potential of sperm viability combined with either DNA integrity or the functional status of viable sperm to predict the batch-specific NRR. Batches with a %DFI of ≤6.86% were more likely to have a NRR of >60%, whereas %DFI values of >6.86% were more likely to be associated with a 55-60% or lower NRR. Combining post-thaw viability with the functional status of viable sperm did not reliably predict the NRR of individual batches. Concluding, the incorporation of DNA integrity assessment can considerably improve sperm fertility prognostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"11 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11680172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shape of the Doppler Sonographic Systolic Blood Flow Profile of the Pulmonary Artery of Healthy Racing Pigeons and the Influence of Anesthesia.","authors":"Carolin Girard, Lajos Koy, Norbert Kummerfeld, Michael Pees, Michael Fehr, Marko Legler","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11120679","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11120679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is scant information available about the blood flow of the pulmonary artery in avian cardiology. In human medicine, the shape of the Doppler sonographic blood flow profile of the pulmonary artery can be used to access the pressure conditions of the right heart. With this background, this study focused on the examination of the acceleration and deceleration phase of the pulsed-wave Doppler flow profile of the pulmonary artery of healthy racing pigeons. The results showed a significant difference between the pulmonary artery and aorta. The Doppler flow profile of the aorta was characterized by a short acceleration phase; however, the pulmonary flow profile revealed an acceleration similar to that of the deceleration phase. Neither profile changed considerably under the influence of heart rate changes and anesthesia with isoflurane. A negative correlation of the pulmonary acceleration phase with the left diastolic A wave and the systolic pulmonary blood flow velocities could be found. This indicates the influence of pressure changes in the heart on the flow profiles. The results of this study allow for the use of the shape of the Doppler sonographic blood flow profile of the pulmonary artery in the assessment of cardiovascular diseases in avian medicine, especially in racing pigeons.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"11 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11680400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical Mastitis in Lacaune Sheep: Etiologic Agents, the Effect on Milk Characteristics, and an Evaluation of Infrared Thermography and the YOLO Algorithm as a Preprocessing Tool for Advanced Analysis.","authors":"Marios Lysitsas, Georgios Botsoglou, Dimitris Dimitriadis, Sofia Termatzidou, Panagiota Kazana, Grigorios Tsoumakas, Constantina N Tsokana, Eleni Malissiova, Vassiliki Spyrou, Charalambos Billinis, George Valiakos","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11120676","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11120676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the incidence of subclinical mastitis (SCM), the implicated pathogens, and their impact on milk quality in dairy sheep in Greece. Furthermore, we preliminarily evaluated infrared thermography and the application of AI tools for the early, non-invasive diagnosis of relevant cases. In total, 660 milk samples and over 2000 infrared thermography images were obtained from 330 phenotypically healthy ewes. Microbiological investigations, a somatic cell count (SCC), and milk chemical analyses were performed. Infrared images were analyzed using the FLIR Research Studio software (version 3.0.1). The You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8) algorithm was employed for the automatic detection of the udder's region of interest. A total of 157 mammary glands with SCM were identified in 122/330 ewes (37.0%). The most prevalent pathogen was staphylococci (136/160, 86.6%). Considerable resistance was detected to tetracycline (29.7%), ampicillin (28.6%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (23.6%). SCM correlated with high total mesophilic count (TMC) values and decreased milk fat, lactose, and protein content. A statistically significant variation (<i>p</i> < 0.001) was identified in the unilateral SCM cases by evaluating the mean temperatures of the udder region between the teats in the thermal images. Finally, the YOLOv8 algorithm was employed for the automatic detection of the udder's region of interest (ROI), achieving 84% accuracy in defining the ROI in this preliminary evaluation. This demonstrates the potential of infrared thermography combined with AI tools for the diagnosis of ovine SCM. Nonetheless, more extensive sampling is essential to optimize this diagnostic approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"11 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11680135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Insights into Porcine Bocavirus (PBoV) and Its Impact on the Economy and Public Health.","authors":"Jelena Prpić, Tomislav Keros, Margarita Božiković, Magda Kamber, Lorena Jemeršić","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11120677","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11120677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective control of animal infectious diseases is crucial for maintaining robust livestock production systems worldwide. Porcine meat constitutes approximately 35-40% of global meat production with the largest producers being China and the European Union (EU). Emerging viral pathogens in swine, like porcine bocavirus (PBoV), have not garnered significant attention, leaving their pathogenic characteristics largely unexplored. This review aims to bridge this knowledge gap by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on PBoV. We explore the virus's genome structure, discovery, classification, detection methods, pathogenesis, and its potential public health implications. Additionally, we discuss the distribution and economic impact of PBoV, which includes potential losses due to decreased productivity, increased veterinary costs, and trade restrictions. By highlighting the current state of knowledge, this review seeks to enhance the understanding of PBoV, thereby aiding in its prevention and control, and mitigating its economic impact on the swine industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"11 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11680377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> Powder on the Growth Performance, Immune Organ Weights, Cecal Microbiology, Serum Immunoglobulins, and Tibia Minerals of Broiler Chickens.","authors":"Arazay Avain, Md Abul Kalam Azad, Yaneisy García, Yanelys García, Yordan Martínez","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11120675","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11120675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A total of 640 one-day-old Cobb 500 MV × Cobb 500 FF mixed broilers were randomly assigned to one of four experimental treatments with four replicates per treatment and 40 birds per replicate for 32 days. The treatments consisted of a basal diet (control group), basal diet + 0.02% zinc bacitracin (AGP group), basal diet + 0.2% <i>G. lucidum</i> powder (GLP; 0.2% GLP group), and basal diet + 0.3% GLP (0.3% GLP group). The results showed that dietary 0.2% GLP supplementation increased body weight compared to the control and 0.3% GLP groups, and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control group, during 19-32 days (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The feed intake was lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in both dietary GLP supplementation groups and the AGP group during 1-8 and 1-32 days compared to the control group. Additionally, the FCR was lower in the dietary GLP supplementation group (0.2%) and the AGP group (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared to the control group. Moreover, the caeca of broiler chickens in the AGP and 0.2% GLP groups had a higher abundance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Supplementation of feed additives (AGP and GLP) increased the relative weight of the thymus, with no effect on the bursa of Fabricius and spleen. However, AGP supplementation decreased the serum IgM concentration, while supplementing a higher dose of GLP (0.3%) increased the ash content in the tibia. The findings indicate that 0.2% GLP is the recommended supplementation dose as a natural growth promoter to replace AGP in apparently normal chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"11 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11680373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Insights into Acute Gastroenteritis in Cattle Caused by Bovine Rotavirus A and Bovine Coronavirus.","authors":"Vjekoslava Kostanić, Valentina Kunić, Marina Prišlin Šimac, Marica Lolić, Tomislav Sukalić, Dragan Brnić","doi":"10.3390/vetsci11120671","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vetsci11120671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in cattle significantly impacts the economy due to relatively high morbidity and mortality and decreased production. Its multifactorial nature drives its global persistence, involving enteric viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and environmental factors. Bovine <i>Rotavirus A</i> (BoRVA) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) are among the most important enteric RNA viruses causing AGE in cattle. These viruses infect intestinal enterocytes, leading to cell damage and consequently to malabsorption and diarrhea. BoRVA primarily affects calves under 14 days old with gastrointestinal clinical signs, while BCoV affects all ages, causing gastrointestinal and respiratory distress. The economic impact of BoRVA and BCoV, along with their interspecies transmission potential, warrants attention. This concise review discusses the molecular structure, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures of BoRVA and BCoV while providing a comparative analysis. By offering practical guidance on managing such viral infections in cattle, these comparative insights may prove valuable for veterinarians in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"11 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11680284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}