Veterinary Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Inclusion of Ora-Pro-Nóbis (<i>Pereskia aculeata</i>) Leaf Meal in the Diet of Adult Nile Tilapia Improves Growth Performance and Intestinal Absorption Capacity Without Compromising Metabolic and Hematological Variables.","authors":"Émerson J A Matos, Jailson Novodworski, Rafaela M Gonçalves, Elisabeth C Urbinati, Robie A Bombardelli, Fábio Meurer","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12010015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corn and soybeans are commodities and ingredients of global interest, whose prices fluctuate based on global demands. In this sense, this study aimed to assess ora-pro-nóbis (<i>Pereskia aculeata)</i> leaf meal (OLM) as an alternative to be included in the diets of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>). The optimal inclusion level of OLM in tilapia diets is investigated herein, aiming to improve their growth performance and health. Five diet variations containing OLM (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) were tested. Feed conversion and protein efficiency rates in the 5% and 10% OLM groups were statistically similar to the control group (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) and lower in the 15% and 20% OLM groups. Fish fed 5% and 10% OLM diets showed better feed efficiency, while higher OLM levels (15% and 20%) led to reduced carcass protein and ether extract levels. Increasing OLM levels enhanced intestinal villi height and area, associated with improved nutrient absorption and decreased liver fat degeneration, suggesting dietary adaptation and healthier liver conditions. Thus, OLM can be included up to 10% in tilapia diets, improving their growth performance, feed efficiency, and intestinal absorptive capacity without adversely affecting other parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Intermittent Poisoning to Mitigate Toxic Plant-Induced Disease in Livestock.","authors":"Bryan L Stegelmeier, T Zane David, Kip E Panter, Kevin D Welch, Edward L Knoppel","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12010013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poisonous plants affect livestock and wildlife and in addition to animal disease, they often inhibit the productive use of feeds and natural resources. For some plants, intermittent or cyclic grazing may allow the use of contaminated forages or infested pastures or ranges while avoiding permanent effects of poisoning. The objective of this review is to present several toxic plants for which intermittent poisoning might be an effective management tool. Additionally, as intermittent exposures present risks, those risks will be discussed, and signs of impending problems identified. Additional plants that mechanistically have potential for becoming less problematic via intermittent exposure will also be discussed. Lastly, toxic plants to which any exposure causes permanent or fatal damage or those that might result in cumulative damage with repeated exposures will also be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Veterinarians Need to Know About the Newly-Emerging Field of Insects-as-Food-and-Feed.","authors":"Kimberly L Boykin, Mark A Mitchell","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12010012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the last two decades, the insects-as-food-and-feed industry has rapidly emerged. Its growth is largely because insects require substantially less resources (water, food, and energy) to produce than traditional sources of animal protein, making it a sustainable alternative food option. As this industry continues to grow, veterinarians will likely be called upon to assist in identifying food safety concerns, assessing animal health, implementing biosecurity measures, and formulating/prescribing treatment protocols comparable to what we have seen with the honeybee industry and the institution of veterinary feed directives (VFDs). Similar to other agricultural markets, high animal densities and management practices put insects at high risk for infectious diseases. Veterinarians interested in working with these species will need to become knowledgeable regarding the diseases afflicting the feeder insect industry and how best to diagnose and treat pathogens of concern. Using the edible cricket industry as an example, this review will highlight health and production issues while drawing similarities to other traditional livestock operations. If the insects-as-feed-and-food industry is going to be viable, veterinary involvement will be essential to ensure that insects can be used as a safe source of food for all.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Long-Term Serum Starvation on Autophagy, Metabolism, and Differentiation of Porcine Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells.","authors":"Yi Wang, Juan Gao, Bojun Fan, Yuemin Hu, Yuefei Yang, Yajie Wu, Jiaqiao Zhu, Junwei Li, Feng Li, Huiming Ju","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12010011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of long-term serum starvation on autophagy, metabolism, and differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) and elucidated the role of autophagy in skeletal muscle development. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for improving meat production in domestic pigs. The SMSCs isolated and preserved in our laboratory were revived and divided into six groups based on the culture medium serum concentration to simulate varying levels of serum starvation: 20% serum (control group), 15% serum (mild serum starvation group), 5% serum (severe serum starvation group), and their autophagy inhibition groups supplemented with 3-methyladenine. After 96 h of culture, the apoptosis rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, and ATP were measured to evaluate the effects of serum starvation on the SMSCs' metabolism. Additionally, the levels of autophagy-related proteins, autophagosomes, and autolysosomes were measured to investigate the impact of long-term serum starvation on autophagy. The expression of proteins associated with myogenic and adipogenic differentiation (MHC, MyoD1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>γ</i>, and lipoprotein lipase) as well as lipid content were also determined to investigate the effects of long-term serum starvation on SMSC differentiation. The results showed that long-term serum starvation induced autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, accelerated cell metabolism and apoptosis, exacerbated reactive oxygen species accumulation, and inhibited myogenic and adipogenic differentiation of SMSCs. Moreover, these effects were positively correlated with the level of serum starvation. In addition, serum starvation-induced autophagy moderately promoted the myogenic and adipogenic differentiation of SMSCs; however, these effects were insufficient to counteract the inhibition of cell differentiation by long-term serum starvation. This study provides insight into leveraging serum starvation as a stressor to regulate muscle growth and metabolism in domestic pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Stemness and Anti-Proliferative Effects of Cadmium on Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells.","authors":"Penggang Liu, Xueli Chen, Yuqing Zhao, Waseem Ali, Tianle Xu, Jing Sun, Zongping Liu","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12010007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cadmium accumulation in the body can damage a variety of organs and impair their development and functions. In the present study, we investigated the effect of cadmium on the stemness and proliferation of normal bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Normal bovine mammary epithelial cells treated with cadmium chloride were assessed for the expression of stemness-related proteins and cell proliferation. Western blotting results found that exposure to different concentrations of cadmium (0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5 μm) for 48 h significantly increased Gli1 expression but unexpectedly decreased the expression of downstream stem cell-related proteins including BMI1, SOX2, and ALDH. However, we also observed that treatment with 5 μm cadmium for 48 h inhibited mammosphere formation using microscopy. In this study, cadmium exposure significantly reduced cell viability and mobility. Flow cytometry detection found that cadmium decreased the percentage of cells in the G0 phase but increased the percentage of cells in the S phase and the apoptosis rate. Furthermore, cadmium exposure significantly increased the levels of caspase-8, caspase-3, and PARP cleavage as assessed by western blotting. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized role of cadmium in mammary cell stemness and suggests that cadmium may affect breast development by impairing normal stem cell self-renewal and inducing their apoptosis. Therefore, this study provides important scientific significance regarding whether heavy metal cadmium affects normal breast development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Awareness, Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Toxoplasmosis Among Females in Algeria.","authors":"Mohamed Lounis, Samah Aissaoui, Fatima Ghouissem, Karim Souttou","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12010010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxoplasmosis is a major veterinary and public health issue affecting humans and animals, where felids represent the definitive hosts of the causative agent <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>. While the infections are mostly asymptomatic, the disease could be severe in immune-compromised patients and pregnant women. This study was conducted to evaluate the level of knowledge, practice, and attitude toward this disease among a sample of Algerian women. A cross-sectional poll was conducted between 25 March and 28 August 2024, using a self-administered questionnaire. Results showed that only 53% of the 545 respondents heard of the disease before this survey, and being married increased the odds of awareness (AOR: 3.597 95% CI: 1.598-8.099). Among those who heard of the disease (288 women), 52.7% correct responses were obtained with varied frequencies regarding the mode of transmission and symptoms. The participants were aware of the role of cats as a source of contamination for humans (83.3%) and the common routes of transmission, including contact with cat feces (83.7%) and the consumption of undercooked meat (75%), but the role of unpasteurized milk from infected animals (40.3%), untreated water (35.8%), and blood transfusions (26.4%) was not well understood. The majority of participants ignored symptoms such as skin rashes (29.2%) and swollen lymph nodes (36.5%), as well as sequelae including mental impairment (32.3%) and eyesight issues (35.1%). Results showed also a high rate of appropriate practices and positive attitudes, where 90.3% of the participants said they were in favor of any action that intended to control toxoplasmosis. These results suggest the need to increase the level of awareness of Algerian women regarding this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development of a One-Step PCR Assay for Rapid Detection of an Attenuated Vaccine Strain of Duck Hepatitis Virus Type 3 in Korea.","authors":"Cheng-Dong Yu, Jong-Yeol Park, Sang-Won Kim, Yu-Ri Choi, Se-Yeoun Cha, Hyung-Kwan Jang, Min Kang, Bai Wei","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12010008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Duck hepatitis A virus type 3 (DHAV-3) is a viral pathogen that causes acute, high-mortality hepatitis in ducklings, and vaccination with attenuated live vaccines is currently the main preventive measure against it. However, differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) is crucial for clinical diagnosis and effective disease control. This study aimed to develop a rapid mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR (MAMA-PCR) diagnostic method to simultaneously detect and differentiate between wild-type and vaccine strains. The method was specifically designed to target the critical single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site (T→C at position 1143 in the VP0 gene) unique to the Korean vaccine strain AP04203-P100. MAMA-PCR demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, with detection limits as low as 10^2.4 ELD₅₀/mL for wild strains and 10^0.5 ELD₅₀/mL for vaccine strains, and showed no cross-reactivity with 11 other common duck pathogens. The clinical sample results were completely consistent with those obtained using nested PCR detection and gold-standard sequencing. In summary, we successfully developed a rapid, one-step MAMA-PCR method that is more suitable for clinical diagnosis than traditional sequencing methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Wide Genomic Analysis and Evolutionary Insights into Bovine Coronavirus Strains in Southwest China.","authors":"Qingqing Li, Huili Bai, Yan Pan, Yuying Liao, Zhe Pei, Cuilan Wu, Chunxia Ma, Zhongwei Chen, Changting Li, Yu Gong, Jing Liu, Yangyan Yin, Ling Teng, Leping Wang, Ezhen Zhang, Tianchao Wei, Hao Peng","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12010009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global epidemic of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) has caused enormous economic losses. The characterisation and genetic composition of endemic strains in Southwest China remain elusive. This study aimed to fill this gap by isolating three BCoV strains from this region and sequencing their whole genomes. To elucidate the genetic evolution and characterisation of the prevalent strains, the results of BCoV sequences were compared in GenBank, with a focus on genetic evolution, mutation, and recombination patterns. The results showed close homology between strains NN190313 and NN230328, while strain NN221214 showed less similarity to these two strains but clustered with the French strain of the European branch. Intriguingly, NN190313 and NN230328 were grouped with goat-derived BCoV strains from Jiangsu Province in Eastern China in the Asian-American branch. In addition, recombination analyses revealed significant signals between NN230328 and either a Chinese goat-derived strain (XJCJ2301G) or a Shandong strain (ShX310). This study highlights the importance of monitoring cross-species transmission between cattle and goats, especially in the mountainous areas of Southwest China where mixed farming occurs, and thus, the monitoring of cross-species transmission between cattle and goats is important for preventing new public health challenges, providing important insights for research on cross-species transmission, early prevention, and control measures, with potential applications in vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the Incidence of Infestation by <i>Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae</i> (Acanthocephala) Parasitizing <i>Colossoma macropomum</i> Raised in Fish Farms and the Relationship with Zooplankton Ostracods and Copepods.","authors":"Vinicius Perez Pedroti, Jerônimo Vieira Dantas Filho, Átila Bezerra de Mira, Maria Mirtes de Lima Pinheiro, Bruna Lucieny Temponi Santos, Raniere Garcez Costa Sousa, Jucilene Braitenbach Cavali, Ed Johnny da Rosa Prado, Sandro de Vargas Schons","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12010006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the abundance of zooplankton copepods and ostracods taxonomic groups in fish farms in Rondônia's Vale do Jamari and Centro-Leste microregions during the rainy and dry seasons. It also analyzed the correlation between zooplanktons abundance and the presence of acanthocephalan parasites. Conducted in 41 fish farms between November 2021 and September 2023, the study included water, zooplankton, and fish samples from 196 <i>Colossoma macropomum</i>. The results showed that 95% of the farms had fish infected with <i>Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae</i>, with varying parasitism levels. Georeferencing revealed higher parasite densities in the municipalities of Ariquemes, Monte Negro, Machadinho do Oeste, and Buritis (Vale do Jamari), as well as Urupá, Ji-Paraná, Ouro Preto do Oeste, and Teixeirópolis (Centro-Leste), with clusters of heat islands in the latter group. Water quality parameters were suitable for raising <i>C. macropomum</i>. The presence of ostracods and copepods could serve as indicators of parasitic infestations, highlighting the importance of monitoring zooplankton and parasite communities. This approach is valuable for detecting changes in artificial ecosystems, such as fish farms, which could lead to significant long-term effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of D-Squame^® as a Minimally Invasive Technique to Evaluate Skin Immune Response Biomarkers in Canine Atopic Dermatitis.","authors":"Marion Mosca, Nadège Milhau, Mélanie Legain, Adrien Idée, Xavier Langon, Didier Pin","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12010004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evaluation of skin inflammation biomarkers in canine atopic dermatitis (AD) currently requires skin biopsies. Tape stripping has been shown to be a reliable technique to study biomarkers in the stratum corneum (SC) in humans. The aim of this study was to assess the immune response and identify biomarkers in the SC of dogs with canine AD using D-squame^® as a minimally invasive technique. Eight beagle dogs were epicutaneously sensitized to <i>Dermatophagoides farinae</i> extract after tape stripping on sensitized site (S); twice a week for 49 days. Two sites were determined: lesional site (L) and non-lesional site (NL) on eight dogs affected spontaneously with AD. Adhesive tape strips D-Squame^® were applied on each site. Skin concentrations of 10 cytokines were analyzed with an ELISA kit. Our results revealed a significant increase of IL-13, IL-4, and TNF-α concentrations in S and L sites. Regarding IFN-γ, its concentration was significantly increased in L skin and increased but not significantly in S sites. All the alarmins were not differentially expressed except IL-33 in the S site. IL-31, IL-1β, and IL-10 were not detectable. D-squame^® seems to be a suitable technique to extract inflammatory cytokines from the SC of dogs, and IL-13, IL-4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ could be interesting biomarkers of canine AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}