Virology最新文献

{"title":"Multiple exposures to SARS-CoV-2 Spike enhance cross-reactive antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against SARS-CoV-1","authors":"Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières ,&nbsp;Alexandra Tauzin ,&nbsp;Katrina Dionne ,&nbsp;Omar El Ferri ,&nbsp;Mehdi Benlarbi ,&nbsp;Catherine Bourassa ,&nbsp;Halima Medjahed ,&nbsp;Renée Bazin ,&nbsp;Marceline Côté ,&nbsp;Andrés Finzi","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vaccination or infection by SARS-CoV-2 elicits a protective immune response against severe outcomes. It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination elicits cross-reactive antibodies against other betacoronaviruses. While plasma neutralizing capacity was studied in great detail, their Fc-effector functions remain understudied. Here, we analyzed Spike recognition, neutralization and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against D614G, a recent Omicron subvariant of SARS-CoV-2 (JN.1) and SARS-CoV-1. Plasma from individuals before their first dose of mRNA vaccine, and following their second, third and sixth doses were analyzed. Despite poor neutralization activity observed after the second and third vaccine doses, ADCC was readily detected. By the sixth dose, individuals could neutralize and mediate ADCC against JN.1 and SARS-CoV-1. Since previous reports have shown that Fc-effector functions were associated with survival from acute infection, these results suggest that ADCC could help in combating future SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as closely related coronaviruses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 110512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translational research on pandemic virus infection using nonhuman primate models","authors":"Hirohito Ishigaki ,&nbsp;Yasushi Itoh","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>After the COVID-19 pandemic, nonhuman primate (NHP) models, which are necessary for the rapid development of vaccines and new medical therapies, have become important in studies on infectious diseases because of their genetic, metabolic, and immunological similarities to humans. Our group has long been using NHP models in studies on infectious diseases including H1N1 influenza pandemic and COVID-19. Despite limitations such as the limited number of animals and the husbandry requirements, NHP models have contributed to the prediction of the pathogenicity of emerging viruses and the evaluation of the efficacy of vaccines and therapeutics due to the similarity of NHP models to humans before starting clinical trials to select good candidates of vaccines and drugs. In this review, the findings obtained in NHP infectious disease models of influenza and COVID-19 are summarized to clarify the benefits of NHP models for studies on infectious diseases. We believe that this review will support future research in exploring new perspectives for the development of vaccines and therapies targeting influenza, COVID-19, and infectious diseases in future pandemics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 110511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Ethyl caffeate as a novel targeted inhibitor of 3CLpro with antiviral activity against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus” [Virology 604 (2025) 110406]","authors":"Limin Jiang,&nbsp;Minghui Gu,&nbsp;Jiawei Xiao,&nbsp;Yingying Zhao,&nbsp;Fanbo Shen,&nbsp;Xingyang Guo,&nbsp;Hansong Li,&nbsp;Donghua Guo,&nbsp;Chunqiu Li,&nbsp;Qinghe Zhu,&nbsp;Dan Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoxu Xing,&nbsp;Dongbo Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110497","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 110497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining diverse spike-receptor interactions involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities","authors":"Michael Anderson,&nbsp;Julian Lopez,&nbsp;Maya Wyr,&nbsp;Peter W. Ramirez","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped RNA virus that caused the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein binds to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on host cells to facilitate viral entry. However, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in nearly all human organs – including those with little or no ACE2 expression – suggests the involvement of alternative receptors. Recent studies have identified several cellular proteins and molecules that influence SARS-CoV-2 entry through ACE2-dependent, ACE2-independent, or inhibitory mechanisms. In this review, we explore how these alternative receptors were identified, their expression patterns and roles in viral entry, and their impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, we discuss therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting these virus-receptor interactions to mitigate COVID-19 pathogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 110507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An 11-year retrospective study on hepatitis C in Saudi Arabia: Seroconversion, recovery rates, and viral genotype distribution","authors":"Adnan A. Mubaraki ,&nbsp;Mohammed A. Alabdalli ,&nbsp;Ahmed K. Shawush ,&nbsp;Muhanna A. Alhusayni ,&nbsp;Abdullah A. Hammadi ,&nbsp;Awatief A. Edries ,&nbsp;Daifallah Alaboud ,&nbsp;Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a global health concern. This study analyzed 95,864 plasma samples from Saudi patients between 2011 and 2022 to examine HCV seroconversion, viral load, and genotype distribution. Serological screening was performed using the ARCHITECT anti-HCV assay, and HCV RNA levels were quantified with real-time RT-PCR. Of the 970 HCV-positive cases, 47.9 % experienced spontaneous recovery, while 52.1 % had persistent infection. The annual seropositivity rate declined significantly from 2.05 % in 2011 to 0.34 % in 2022. Genotyping of 107 persistently infected samples showed genotypes 4 (49.5 %) and 1a (17.8 %) as the most common, with other genotypes appearing less frequently. Additionally, 13 (12.1 %) samples had untypable genotypes. This study highlights the decrease in HCV infection rates, the high rate of spontaneous recovery, and the predominance of genotypes 4 and 1a. Ongoing surveillance and genotyping, including untypable cases, are essential for effective HCV management in Saudi Arabia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 110505"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domestic cat hepadnavirus is detected infrequently in feline blood and liver samples submitted for diagnostic testing in Texas, USA","authors":"Min Chun Chen ,&nbsp;Joao P. Cavasin ,&nbsp;Thomas Tu ,&nbsp;Kate Van Brussel ,&nbsp;Omid Nekouei ,&nbsp;John M. Cullen ,&nbsp;Julie Piccione ,&nbsp;Randi Gold ,&nbsp;Jonathan Lidbury ,&nbsp;Joerg M. Steiner ,&nbsp;Julia A. Beatty","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH), a novel hepatitis B-like virus, has been detected in cats in several regions but data are fragmented. Investigation of DCH is driven by the societal role of cats as human companions, disease risk to sympatric endangered felids, as well as HBV medicine. This study investigated the molecular epidemiology and sequence diversity of DCH in diagnostic blood or non-paired liver samples submitted in Texas. Patient age, sex, breed, neuter status, and retrovirus serology results were recorded for risk factor analyses. Using qPCR, DCH DNA was amplified from 3/400 blood samples (0.8 % (95 % CI: 0.3–2.2 %) with virus loads of 4.06 × 10⁶, 2.33 × 10⁸, and 27.1 × 10⁹ copies/μL of blood. Feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus seroprevalence was 4.3 % (95 % CI: 2.5–7.1 %) and 7.5 % (95 % CI: 5.0–10.8 %), respectively. A low DCH detection rate precluded risk factor analysis. Among liver samples, DCH DNA was amplified by PCR from 4/303 (1.3 % (95 % CI: 0.4–3.4 %), one of which also tested positive by <em>in situ</em> hybridization. Phylogenetic analyses of 3 DCH genomes obtained in this study showed high homology to viruses in Genotype A with no evidence of geographic clustering. This study, only the second in the USA, contributes to data on the worldwide prevalence of DCH viremia and, in the context of accumulating data on this potential feline pathogen, supports that the prevalence of DCH viremia, may vary geographically, as described for hepatitis-B virus and woodchuck hepatitis virus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 110506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent SARS-CoV-2 evolution trajectories indicate the emergence of Omicron's several subvariants and the current rise of KP.3.1.1 and XEC","authors":"Chiranjib Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Manojit Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;Ali Saber Abdelhameed","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recent COVID-19 pandemic is one of the quickest-evolving pandemics in the world history. Therefore, the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 needs to be tracked consistently. Various VOIs, VOCs, and recent subvariants of Omicron have emerged from the dynamically evolving SARS-CoV-2. Various offspring of the Omicron subvariants have emerged since its origin, including lineages such as BA, BQ, and XBB, as well as more recent subvariants like BA.2.86, JN.1, JN.11.1, KP.3, KP.3.1.1, and XEC. The study evaluated the overall and one year evolutionary patterns, genome diversity, divergence event, transmission and geographical distributions, circulating frequency, entropy diversity, mutational diversity, risk mutations in S-protein and mutational fitness of the subvariants. The study estimated the substitution rate of all variants and subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 since its origin (32.001 × 10^-4 subs/year). The geographical distributions of the recent KP.3.1.1 and XEC subvariant indicated its distribution in North America, South America, Europe, and Southeast Asia. Simultaneously, genome mutational landscapes were noted, including Spike and RBD mutations. We found that JN.1, JN.1.11.1, KP.3, KP.3.1.1 and XEC subvariants have gained the highest mutational fitness in Europe and North America. Our study indicates that the rapid evolution and highest frequency of mutational fitness have created a variety of subvariants from Omicron. It also indicates a shift from waves to mini-waves. Finally, our possible explanation is that mutation-driven divergent evolution contributes to the emergence of recent subvariants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 110508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A strategy of enhancing the protective efficacy of seasonal influenza vaccines by providing additional immunity to neuraminidase and M2e","authors":"Jannatul Ruhan Raha,&nbsp;Ki-Hye Kim,&nbsp;Chau Thuy Tien Le,&nbsp;Noopur Bhatnagar,&nbsp;Rong Liu,&nbsp;Phillip Grovenstein,&nbsp;Surya Sekhar Pal,&nbsp;Mahmuda Yeasmin,&nbsp;Chong Hyun Shin,&nbsp;Bao-Zhong Wang,&nbsp;Sang-Moo Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is a high priority to enhance the efficacy of seasonal influenza vaccines based on hemagglutinin (HA) strain-specific neutralizing immunity. Here, we investigated a vaccination strategy of supplementing inactivated split seasonal vaccines with a virus-like particle vaccine containing multi-subtype neuraminidase (NA) and M2 ectodomain (M2e) repeat (NA-M2e) in mice. NA-M2e and split combined vaccine (S + NA-M2e) stimulated a unique pattern of innate immune responses within a day after intramuscular injection of mice. The combined S + NA-M2e vaccination induced enhanced levels of IgG antibodies to viral antigens, hemagglutination inhibiting activities, and humoral and cellular immune responses to NA and M2e. The addition of NA-M2e to split vaccination provided higher efficacy of protection against homologous and heterologous viruses compared to split alone, where NA-M2e significantly contributed to enhancing protection under naïve and primed mouse models. This study supports a vaccination strategy to improve the efficacy of seasonal vaccines by providing additional immunity to NA and M2e.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 110510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A meta-analysis on the immunogenicity of prototype, monovalent-adapted and bivalent vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 wildtype, Omicron BA.1 and Omicron BA.4/5 in healthy adults","authors":"Jo-Lewis Banga Ndzouboukou ,&nbsp;Abdul A. Kamara ,&nbsp;Nadeem Ullah ,&nbsp;Qing Lei ,&nbsp;Xiong-lin Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although COVID-19 is no longer classified as the first public health emergency, nevertheless, it still presents a serious menace to the health of the global population. Consequently, the development of COVID-19 vaccines possessing an optimal composition that can elicit broad-spectrum neutralizing responses against various SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the immunogenicity of prototype, monovalent-adapted, and bivalent COVID-19 vaccines against prototype SARS-CoV-2, Omicron BA.1 variant, and Omicron BA.4/5 subvariant in healthy adults. We utilized 4 medical databases to retrieve original studies and employed the fixed effect model to estimate pooled neutralization titers. A total of 12 studies concerning 4581 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. We found that participants who received prototype, monovalent-adapted, and bivalent vaccines as a second booster significantly developed neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers against prototype SARS-CoV-2, Omicron BA.1 variant, and Omicron BA.4/5 subvariant, with monovalent-adapted and bivalent vaccines exhibiting a higher increment. Furthermore, the bivalent(Prototype/Omicron BA.1) recombinant protein vaccine exhibited the highest increment in neutralization titers(MD = 1.95; 95 %CI:0.78–3.12; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) against the prototype SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron BA.4/5 subvariant compared to the other vaccine regimens. Interestingly, only individuals who received the monovalent (Omicron BA.1)-adapted mRNA vaccine as a second booster showed the highest increase in neutralization titers (MD:1.37; 95 %CI:0.50–2.24; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) against the Omicron BA.1 variant compared to the other vaccine regimens. These findings showed that bivalent recombinant protein vaccines seem more immunogenic than bivalent mRNA vaccines, and bivalent vaccines might not be superior immunogens for induced strong protective immune responses compared to monovalent-adapted vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 110509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyphenol rich sugarcane extract restricts select respiratory viruses depending on their mode of entry","authors":"Caolingzhi Tang ,&nbsp;Matthew Flavel ,&nbsp;Sarah L. Londrigan ,&nbsp;Jason M. Mackenzie","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We previously showed that Polyphenol rich sugarcane extract (PRSE) displayed significant inhibitory effect against influenza A virus (IAV). In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action (MOA) of PRSE against respiratory viruses in human-derived cells. We showed that PRSE treatment does not promote an antiviral state via expression of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). We subsequently investigated any potential perturbation on the viral entry process and observed that PRSE treatment did not affect caveolin-mediated endocytosis but led to a significant attenuation in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. We confirmed this inhibitory effect on IAV entry, as infection was unaffected by PRSE when IAV fusion was induced at the plasma membrane, instead of endosomal membranes. Based on these findings we observed significant inhibitory effect of PRSE against respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus, which utilise clathrin-mediated endocytosis, but not human parainfluenza virus type 3, which fuses at the plasma membrane. In conclusion, we show that PRSE has broad antiviral activity and potentially perturbs virus entry via clathrin-mediated endocytosis to inhibit viral replication <em>in vitro</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 110500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}