Virology最新文献

{"title":"Host cell entry efficiency and neutralization sensitivity of the SARS-CoV-2 MC.10.1 variant","authors":"Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Amy Kempf ,&nbsp;Inga Nehlmeier ,&nbsp;Nianzhen Chen ,&nbsp;Luise Graichen ,&nbsp;Anna-Sophie Moldenhauer ,&nbsp;Metodi V. Stankov ,&nbsp;Christine Happle ,&nbsp;Sebastian R. Schulz ,&nbsp;Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka ,&nbsp;Hans-Martin Jäck ,&nbsp;Georg M.N. Behrens ,&nbsp;Stefan Pöhlmann ,&nbsp;Markus Hoffmann","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge and may cause new waves of COVID-19. Antibody evasion is a major driver of variant emergence but variants can also exhibit altered capacity to enter lung cells and to use ACE2 species orthologues for cell entry. Here, we assessed cell line tropism, usage of ACE2 orthologues and antibody evasion of variant MC.10.1. This variant arose from the highly prevalent KP.3.1.1 variant, reached a prevalence of 10–15 % in certain countries in the spring of 2025 and contains a single amino acid mutation in the spike (S) protein, A435S, relative to the KP.3.1.1 S protein. We found that MC.10.1 and the parental KP.3.1.1 S protein show similar expression and similar capacity to fuse cells and to use ACE2 orthologues from different species for entry. In contrast, MC.10.1 S protein-driven entry into Calu-3 lung cells was reduced as compared to the KP.3.1.1 S protein. Finally, MC.10.1 S protein-bearing particles were less susceptible to neutralization by antibodies induced upon vaccination with the JN.1 booster vaccine as compared to their counterparts bearing KP.3.1.1 S protein. Collectively, our results indicate increased antibody evasion but reduced cell entry efficiency of variant MC.10.1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 110675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Herpes simplex virus 1 ICP34.5 acts to maintain latency in human and mouse neurons” [Virology 611 (2025) 110652]","authors":"Paige N. Canova ,&nbsp;Sarah Katzenell ,&nbsp;Stacey Ceron ,&nbsp;Audra J. Charron ,&nbsp;Jean M. Pesola ,&nbsp;Hyung Suk Oh ,&nbsp;Donald M. Coen ,&nbsp;David M. Knipe ,&nbsp;David A. Leib","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"611 ","pages":"Article 110669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing the possible origins of the clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx viruses from India","authors":"Shailesh D. Pawar ,&nbsp;Deeksha S. Tare ,&nbsp;Sachin S. Keng ,&nbsp;Atul M. Walimbe ,&nbsp;Vikas Sharma ,&nbsp;Goldi Misra ,&nbsp;Nisha Kurkure ,&nbsp;Naveen Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4b H5Nx viruses are a major zoonotic concern. Clade 2.3.4.4b was first reported in India during the HPAI H5N8 outbreaks in zoological parks, in 2016. Recently, in June 2024, clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI H5N1 virus outbreaks were reported from Kerala. The genetic and molecular characterization of this H5N1 virus revealed that it is a novel reassortant comprising of internal genes derived from LPAI viruses reported from Kerala; and some of European origin. The exact spatio-temporal origins of these viruses were unknown. The present study was undertaken to trace the possible source of the clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI H5N1 and H5N8 viruses reported from India. Molecular clock and phylogeography analyses were carried out using BEAST v1.10.4 for the global and regional datasets of clade 2.3.4.4b H5Nx virus hemagglutinin gene sequences downloaded from the GISAID database. Preliminary phylogeography analysis using the global dataset revealed direct linkages of South Asia with the Middle East, North Africa, Japan, Korea, and China in the transmission network. Further analysis using regional datasets revealed that the H5N1 isolates reported from Kerala in 2024 had been introduced to India from East Asia, around 2022. The two reported H5N8 viruses from 2016 showed separate introductions from East Asian countries, including China and Japan respectively, around the year 2015. In the present study we report the spatio-temporal origins of clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI H5Nx viruses from South Asia. The analyses would be useful in furthering our understanding of this pathogen of human and animal health importance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 110654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145035039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"H5N1 influenza virus-like particles based on BEVS induce robust functional antibodies and immune responses","authors":"Yongbo Qiao ,&nbsp;Mengru Tang ,&nbsp;Mo Du ,&nbsp;Chen Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuan Lv ,&nbsp;Junjun Zhou ,&nbsp;Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Yutian Wang ,&nbsp;Shuang Li ,&nbsp;Yehong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avian influenza virus infections pose a potential pandemic threat. The currently licensed vaccines have inherent limitations, emphasizing the urgent need for improved influenza vaccines. Here, we developed a novel hemagglutinin (HA) virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine candidate through the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). The engineered VLPs incorporate HA from H5N1 and matrix 1 (M1) protein from H1N1. Comprehensive characterization revealed that purified HA VLPs exhibited morphological fidelity to native influenza virions while maintaining key viral biological properties. Immunization studies in murine models demonstrated the superior immunogenicity of HA VLPs through a prime-boost regimen. Compared to control groups receiving HA monomer or T4-foldon-trimerized HA formulations, VLP-immunized mice showed significantly enhanced humoral responses and robust cellular immunity. This study provides compelling evidence for advancing VLP-based vaccines as a superior alternative to conventional influenza vaccine formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 110672"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an effective DNA vaccine against ayu atypical cellular gill disease using draft genome information of the causative agent, Plecoglossus altivelis poxvirus","authors":"Shuntaro Baba ,&nbsp;Tomoki Koyama ,&nbsp;Daiki Komatsu ,&nbsp;Tsubasa Uchino ,&nbsp;Yuki Midorikawa ,&nbsp;Yasunori Takano ,&nbsp;Tatsuya Mori ,&nbsp;Yuya Takagi ,&nbsp;Shinpei Wada ,&nbsp;Hidehiro Kondo ,&nbsp;Megumi Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Goshi Kato ,&nbsp;Motohiko Sano","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atypical cellular gill disease (ACGD) in ayu (<em>Plecoglossus altivelis</em>) caused by <em>P. altivelis</em> poxvirus (PaPV) infection has led to significant economic losses in Japanese aquaculture. The propagation of PaPV has not yet been successfully achieved in cultured cells. In this study, we sequenced a draft genome of PaPV and developed an effective vaccine against the disease based on this genomic information. The draft genome of PaPV, obtained from a diseased fish in 2016, was constructed using sequence data from an Illumina MiSeq analysis. The genome comprised 376,224 bp, including a 14,355 bp inverted terminal repeat at both ends, with a G + C content of 28.3 % and 353 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). Phylogenetic analysis using 13 core genes conserved across <em>Poxviridae</em> revealed that PaPV clusters with other fish poxviruses, including carp edema virus and salmon gill poxvirus, within the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae. The protective efficacy of a formalin-killed virus vaccine and DNA vaccines targeting ORF226 (vaccinia virus L1R homolog) and ORF227 (vaccinia virus D13L homolog) was evaluated. The DNA vaccine targeting ORF227 provided a high survival rate following virus challenge, whereas the formalin-killed vaccine resulted in lower survival. Gene expression analysis suggests that the effective DNA vaccine against ACGD likely induces cell-mediated immunity in the gills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 110671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new adenovirus isolated from a western lowland gorilla held in captivity","authors":"Sanne L. Landman,&nbsp;Martijn J.W.E. Rabelink,&nbsp;Selas T.F. Bots,&nbsp;Yannick P.E. Lampo,&nbsp;Diana J.M. van den Wollenberg,&nbsp;Vera Kemp,&nbsp;Rob C. Hoeben","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many adenovirus (AdV) species have been isolated from human and non-human primates. Here we describe the isolation of a new AdV from a western lowland gorilla held captive in a zoo. Analysis of the genome sequence demonstrated that this virus is a member of the Mastadenovirus genus, but markedly distinct from all previously described species. The new virus, AdV-lumc014, has a relatively low DNA sequence identity (&lt;90 %) compared to other human and simian AdVs. The virus is most related to the HAdV-B and HAdV-E species, of which isolates were previously obtained from humans and apes (<em>i.e</em>. bonobos, chimpanzees, and western lowland gorillas). Phylogenetic analyses of the amino-acid sequences of the hexon, penton-base, fiber knob, protein IIIa, AdV polymerase, single-stranded DNA-binding protein, AdV protease, and protein IX confirmed the relationship with HAdV-B and HAdV-E. The phylogenetic distances exceed the value of 0.05 often used to separate distinct AdV species. In addition, we found evidence for recombination events between the AdV-lumc014 and HAdV-D. Almost no neutralizing immunity was detected in pooled human immunoglobulins, demonstrating that the virus is scarce or absent in the human population and that there is limited cross-reacting neutralizing immunity. This new AdV species may be a valuable expansion of the arsenal of AdVs that can be used for gene therapy, viral oncolysis, and as a vaccine carrier.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 110670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbovirus surveillance detects mosquito-borne viruses in central South Africa","authors":"Tumelo Robert Sekee ,&nbsp;Siewert Christiaan Wiid ,&nbsp;Micah Dimaculangan ,&nbsp;Bonolo Betty Masilo ,&nbsp;Philip Armand Bester ,&nbsp;Danelle van Jaarsveldt ,&nbsp;Gert Ignatius Du Preez Terblanche ,&nbsp;Matefo Millicent Litabe ,&nbsp;Nigel Aminake Makoah ,&nbsp;Felicity Jane Burt","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surveillance plays an important role in early detection of circulating arboviruses with potential to cause outbreaks of disease. In South Africa (SA) there are several endemic mosquito-borne viruses of medical and veterinary importance associated with outbreaks of disease in humans and domestic animals (livestock and horses) usually occurring after heavy rainfall. In addition, there are historical reports of viruses that were isolated from mosquitoes during vector surveillance studies with demonstration of antibodies in human populations during serosurveys. However, for many of these viruses detected historically there is no recent evidence of their circulation in the country. This study was initiated to screen mosquitoes in central South Africa for evidence of known and less common mosquito-borne viruses. Mosquitoes were collected from selected sites including two urban sites, a rural and a conservation area in central South Africa and were screened for arboviruses from the families <em>Togaviridae</em>, <em>Orthoflaviviridae</em> and <em>Peribunyaviridae.</em> A total of 10 332 mosquitoes were collected between November 2019 and March 2023. Most of the collection was obtained from the two urban sites in Bloemfontein, 8 236/10 332 (79.7 %), 1 075/10 332 (10.4 %) from the conservation site and 1 021/10 332 (9.9 %) from the rural site. Mosquito pool homogenates were screened using nested in-house RT-PCR. The nucleotide sequence of each amplicon of predicted size was determined using Sanger sequencing or Oxford Nanopore sequencing, and the virus identification confirmed using BLASTn analysis. Partial genes for Sindbis virus (SINV) genotype 1 were detected in three mosquito pools, for Middelburg virus (MIDV) in two pools, for Germiston virus (GERV) in one pool, for bunyamwera virus (BUNV) in four pools, for West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 2 in four pools, for Bagaza virus (BAGV) in one pool, and an insect specific virus was detected in one pool. Due to the short length of sequence data obtained, cluster maps were used to determine relationships with previous isolates using sequence data retrieved from GenBank. Cluster maps confirmed that none of the isolates were newly introduced but closely related to isolates previously detected in the country. Sindbis virus genotype 1 and WNV lineage 2 are known to cause outbreaks of human disease after heavy rainfall, favoring an increase in mosquito populations. Middelburg virus has been associated with neurological disease in horses and some recent evidence in humans. Bunyamwera virus has previously been associated with mild febrile disease and GERV with laboratory acquired infections, but the public health significance is not well known and similarly with BAGV. This study confirmed the current circulation of mosquito-borne viruses other than the common viruses and suggest further investigation to determine the medical significance would be important.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 110668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the construction method and characterization of neutralizing mouse-canine chimeric antibody against canine distemper virus","authors":"Zhengguo Wang ,&nbsp;Guishan Ye ,&nbsp;Leilei Zhang ,&nbsp;Kuijing He ,&nbsp;Cong Cai ,&nbsp;Yue Wu ,&nbsp;Anding Zhang ,&nbsp;Long Li ,&nbsp;Li Han","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine distemper (CD) is an acute infectious disease that poses significant health risks to canines. Neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has demonstrated substantial efficacy in prevent CDV infection. However, immune rejection reactions prevent the use of mouse-derived mAbs in the prophylactic protection of CD. Based on the previously developed neutralizing mAb 9-7B targeting the CDV-H protein, this study successfully utilized both single and dual expression vector strategies to integrate the variable regions of mouse-derived mAb with the constant regions of canine-derived mAb, yielding M-C-H/L and M-C-L-H mouse-canine chimeric antibodies through the CHO expression system. The SDS-PAGE and WB results indicate that both chimeric antibodies possess the correct antibody structure. Both chimeric antibodies specifically recognized the CDV-H protein and CDV in indirect ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence experiments and their neutralizing effect on CDV was confirmed in neutralization assays. This study constructed mouse-canine chimeric antibodies against CDV using two methods for the first time, which provides significant guidance for research on prophylactic CD antibody-based drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 110667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of γ-herpesvirus infection dynamics in non-hospitalised people living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa","authors":"Prishanta Chinna ,&nbsp;Melissa J. Blumenthal ,&nbsp;Humaira Lambarey ,&nbsp;Lauren Jennings ,&nbsp;Catherine Orrell ,&nbsp;Georgia Schäfer","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are oncogenic human γ-herpesviruses highly prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa. Both establish latent early-life infections, with intermittent lytic reactivations, often triggered by viral co-infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. In this retrospective observational cross-sectional sub-study, we leveraged a cohort of 407 non-hospitalised people living with HIV (PLWH) attending antiretroviral therapy services in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic, with previously reported increased reactivation of KSHV upon SARS-CoV-2 exposure, particularly in COVID-19 unvaccinated individuals (Lambarey et al., 2024). In contrast to the generally low KSHV viral loads (VL), we observed high detectability (97.0 %) of EBV DNA in the patients' peripheral blood, with 12.4 % of patients displaying elevated EBV VL of ≥1 × 10⁵ copies/10⁶ cells. However, neither SARS-CoV-2 exposure nor COVID-19 vaccination had an impact on EBV reactivation. Interestingly, patients with chronically elevated EBV VL had higher detectability of KSHV VL (35.0 %) compared to the remainder of the cohort with undetectable or &lt;1 × 10⁵ copies/10⁶ cells EBV VL (18.8 %), which was confirmed by logistic regression identifying significantly higher odds of elevated EBV VL in patients with detectable KSHV VL (p = 0.03, adjusted OR 2.42 [95 % C.I. 1.10–5.33]). These results suggest an interplay between KSHV reactivation, possibly triggered by SARS-CoV-2 exposure, and chronically high EBV VL which should be closely monitored in the post-pandemic era, particularly in immunocompromised patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"611 ","pages":"Article 110666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to “Electron microscopic analysis of rotavirus assembly-replication intermediates” [Virology 477 (2015) 32–41]","authors":"Crystal E. Boudreaux ,&nbsp;Deborah F. Kelly ,&nbsp;Sarah M. McDonald","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110665","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"611 ","pages":"Article 110665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}