IF 2.8 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110496

Wei Zhao , Jige Du , Jia Su , Jie Gao , Hongxu Bai , Daiyue Lv , Xiaochun Chen , Dongdong Liu , Guohua Wang , Qinghong Xue

{"title":"Comprehensive single-cell profiling of T and B cell subsets in mice reveals impacts on memory immune responses in FMDV infection","authors":"Wei Zhao , Jige Du , Jia Su , Jie Gao , Hongxu Bai , Daiyue Lv , Xiaochun Chen , Dongdong Liu , Guohua Wang , Qinghong Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) on memory immune responses has not been thoroughly investigated due to limited availability of immunological research tools. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified specific gene markers for the majority of T and B cell subsets in the spleens of mice. Our findings indicate that FMDV infection significantly reduces the proportions of memory cell populations (e.g., memory B cells, memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, and memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells) relative to their respective lymphocyte subsets (total B cells, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells) in the short term, impacting their functions. These alterations largely reverse over the long term. Specifically, FMDV infection primarily exerts its impacts on the function of memory cells by enhancing key immunological functions such as activation, proliferation, differentiation, and polarization, while simultaneously suppressing essential cellular biological functions including proliferation and metabolism. These impacts were significantly associated with <em>Fos</em>-related genes. Our study provides new insights into the immune evasion mechanisms of FMDV, establishes adult mice as potential models for FMDV immunological research, and offers valuable tools for single-cell RNA sequencing in murine immunological studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 110496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Invisible vectors, visible impact: The role of eriophyoid mites in emaravirus disease dynamics

IF 2.8 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110478

Tobiasz Druciarek , Ioannis E. Tzanetakis

引用次数: 0

Critical role of ferroptosis in viral infection and host responses

IF 2.8 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110485

Qian Mao , Qin Luo , Sheng-Min Ma , Man Teng , Jun Luo

引用次数: 0

Coinfection with bacterial pathogens and genetic modification of PRRSV-2 for suppression of NF-κB and attenuation of proinflammatory responses

IF 2.8 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110484

Junyu Tang , Leyi Wang , Weihuan Fang , Chia-Ming Su , Jineui Kim , Yijun Du , Dongwan Yoo

{"title":"Coinfection with bacterial pathogens and genetic modification of PRRSV-2 for suppression of NF-κB and attenuation of proinflammatory responses","authors":"Junyu Tang , Leyi Wang , Weihuan Fang , Chia-Ming Su , Jineui Kim , Yijun Du , Dongwan Yoo","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infects pulmonary alveolar macrophages and induces inflammation in the respiratory system. In swine farms, coinfection with PRRSV and bacterial pathogens is common and can result in clinically complicated outcomes, including porcine respiratory disease complex. Coinfection can cause excessive expressions of proinflammatory mediators and may lead to cytokine-storm-like syndrome. An immunological hallmark of PRRSV-2 is the bidirectional regulation of NF-κB with the nucleocapsid (N) protein identified as the NF-κB activator. We generated an NF-κB-silencing mutant PRRSV-2 by mutating the N gene to block its binding to PIAS1 [protein inhibitor of activated STAT-1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1)]. PIAS1 functions as an NF-κB repressor, and thus, the PIAS1-binding modified N-mutant PRRSV-2 became NF-κB activation-resistant in its phenotype. During coinfection of pigs with PRRSV-2 and <em>Streptococcus suis</em>, the N-mutant PRRSV-2 decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and showed clinical attenuation. This review describes the coinfection of pigs with various pathogens, the generation of mutant PRRSV for NF-κB suppression, inflammatory profiles during bacterial coinfection, and the potential application of these findings to designing a new vaccine candidate for PRRSV-2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 110484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SARS-CoV-2 Nsp13 helicase modulates miR-146a-mediated signaling pathways

IF 2.8 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110493

Eryn Lundrigan , Spencer Uguccioni , Christine Hum , Nadine Ahmed , John Paul Pezacki

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Nsp13 helicase modulates miR-146a-mediated signaling pathways","authors":"Eryn Lundrigan , Spencer Uguccioni , Christine Hum , Nadine Ahmed , John Paul Pezacki","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the successful development of vaccines and antiviral therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, its tendency to mutate rapidly has emphasized the need for continued research to better understand this virus’s mechanism of pathogenesis and interactions with host signaling pathways. In this study, we sought to explore how the SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 13 (Nsp13) helicase, a highly conserved coronavirus protein that is essential for viral replication, influences host biological and cellular processes. Global transcriptomic analyses of Nsp13-transfected A549 cells identified changes in pathways involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing and translational repression by RNA, such as microRNAs (miRNAs). Upon further bioinformatic analyses, we identified miR-146a-mediated signaling pathways to be of interest as this miRNA has been previously linked to the regulation of host inflammation and innate immune responses. We found that miR-146a was induced in Nsp13-transfected cells and observed a corresponding decrease in the gene expression of two miR-146a targets, TRAF6 and IRAK1, which are important upstream regulators of NF-kB activation and IFN signaling. These results suggest that Nsp13-induced miR-146a signaling cascades, namely NF-kB activation and SMAD4 signaling, may provide valuable insight for the development of novel antiviral therapeutics against COVID-19 variants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 110493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The four Ws of viruses: Where, Which, What and Why - A deep dive into viral evolution

IF 2.8 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110476

Francesco Favaretto , Emilyn E. Matsumura , Inmaculada Ferriol , Walter Chitarra , Luca Nerva

{"title":"The four Ws of viruses: Where, Which, What and Why - A deep dive into viral evolution","authors":"Francesco Favaretto , Emilyn E. Matsumura , Inmaculada Ferriol , Walter Chitarra , Luca Nerva","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For centuries, humanity has been captivated by evolution, seeking to unravel the origins of life and identify past patterns with future applications. Viruses, despite their obligate parasitic nature, are the most adaptable biological entities, surpassing cellular life in their variability and adaptability. While many theories about viral evolution exist, a consensus on their origins remains elusive. The quasispecies theory, however, has emerged as a leading framework for understanding viral evolution and, indirectly, their variability and adaptability. This theory illuminates how viruses regulate behaviours such as host range and their symbiotic or antagonistic interactions with hosts.</div><div>This review delves into the most substantiated theories of viral evolution, addressing four fundamental questions relevant to virus ecology: Where did viruses originate? What factors drive viral evolution? What determines the virus host range? And why do viruses adopt pathogenic or mutualistic strategies? We will provide a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis that integrates diverse theoretical perspectives with empirical data, providing a holistic view of viral evolution and its implications for viral behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 110476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel reassorted swine H3N2 influenza virus demonstrates an undetected human-to-swine spillover in Latin America and highlights zoonotic risks 一种新型重配猪 H3N2 流感病毒表明拉丁美洲存在未被发现的人对猪溢出现象，并凸显了人畜共患风险

IF 2.8 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110483

Andres F. Ospina-Jimenez , Arlen P. Gomez , Maria A. Rincon-Monroy , Daniel R. Perez , Gloria C. Ramirez-Nieto

{"title":"A novel reassorted swine H3N2 influenza virus demonstrates an undetected human-to-swine spillover in Latin America and highlights zoonotic risks","authors":"Andres F. Ospina-Jimenez , Arlen P. Gomez , Maria A. Rincon-Monroy , Daniel R. Perez , Gloria C. Ramirez-Nieto","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Influenza A virus (FLUAV) affects a wide range of hosts, including humans and animals, posing a threat to public health. In swine, H3N2 subtype is associated with human-to-swine spillovers of seasonal viruses. In Latin America, the molecular and antigenic characteristics of swine FLUAV H3N2, as well as its phylogenetic origin, are poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the first swine H3N2 detected in Colombia. The origin and lineage of the virus were estimated through phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses. Antigenic characterization was achieved by comparing the amino acid constitution of the HA with previously reported swine FLUAVs and seasonal vaccine strains using a sequence-based method. In addition to HA and NA, internal genes were also characterized. The results showed that the Colombian H3N2 corresponded to a novel phylogenetic and antigenic swine FLUAV variant that emerged due to an independent reverse zoonotic event, likely occurring in Colombia in the early 2000s. The immunodominant epitope in the virus was predominantly present in antigenic epitope A, which showed the highest amino acid variation. Some mutations that alter the N-Glycosylation of antigenic sites at the HA were detected. Internally, the virus exhibited pandemic configuration. This study provides the first evidence of a novel FLUAV in Colombia and describes its origin, variability, and persistence in geographically restricted populations, highlighting the need for strengthen molecular surveillance of the virus in animal populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 110483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence of novel reassortment in clade 2.3.4.4b avian influenza H5N1 viruses, India, 2024

IF 2.8 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110482

Shailesh D. Pawar , Sachin S. Keng , Deeksha S. Tare , Anukumar Balakrishnan , Siba S , Jijo Koshy , Varsha Potdar , Veena Vipat , Satish Gaikwad , Dinesh Singh , Jayati Mullick , Naveen Kumar

{"title":"Evidence of novel reassortment in clade 2.3.4.4b avian influenza H5N1 viruses, India, 2024","authors":"Shailesh D. Pawar , Sachin S. Keng , Deeksha S. Tare , Anukumar Balakrishnan , Siba S , Jijo Koshy , Varsha Potdar , Veena Vipat , Satish Gaikwad , Dinesh Singh , Jayati Mullick , Naveen Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>H5N1 viruses belonging to clade 2.3.4.4b have caused unprecedented outbreaks globally. Outbreaks of H5N1 virus were reported in poultry and wild birds from Kerala (India) in the year 2024. Samples from birds and the environment were collected. Real-time RT-PCR and virus isolation using embryonated chicken eggs were carried out. Eight out of 20 samples were positive for virus isolation. The virus showed avian type receptor specificity using sialidase assay. Full genome sequencing revealed markers associated with high pathogenicity and mammalian adaptation. All the viruses belonged to a single genotype with multiple reassortments, including internal gene segments from an avian influenza (AI) H3N8 virus reported from Kerala. Surveillance among individuals with probable exposure showed absence of human infection. This is the first report of the genetic and virological characterization of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses from India, highlighting the need for increased AI surveillance at the human-animal and domestic-wild bird interfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 110482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptation of single molecule real time (SMRT) sequence technology for hepatitis C virus genome sequencing and identification of resistance-associated substitutions 将单分子实时（SMRT）测序技术用于丙型肝炎病毒基因组测序和耐药性相关替代物的鉴定

IF 2.8 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110481

Cui Zhang, Pei Liu, Jian Li, Mengjie Han, Yuqiu Liu, Wenge Xing, Maofeng Qiu

{"title":"Adaptation of single molecule real time (SMRT) sequence technology for hepatitis C virus genome sequencing and identification of resistance-associated substitutions","authors":"Cui Zhang, Pei Liu, Jian Li, Mengjie Han, Yuqiu Liu, Wenge Xing, Maofeng Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><div>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) impact HCV treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Therefore, a sensitive sequencing assay for detecting HCV RASs is crucial. PacBio sequencing, a Single molecule real time (SMRT) platform, is capable of long-fragment sequencing. This study aims to assess the prospects of PacBio sequencing by comparing its accuracy with Sanger sequencing at distinct thresholds and its cost-effectiveness with next-generation sequencing (NGS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 28 specimens were selected from the HCV RNA-positive individuals in Linzhou, China. Of these specimens, the NS3 to NS5B regions were amplified and sent for PacBio sequencing. Sequence processing was accomplished by lima, pbmm2 and quasitools software, with threshold setting at 1%, 5%, 10% and 15%.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>High-frequency RASs (S122G in NS3, R30Q in NS5A, and C316N in NS5B), rare RASs (V55A, R155P, and S174AT in NS3; Y448H in NS5B), and low-threshold RASs (L31Q and L31QFHY in NS5A; L159F in NS5B) were identified. It was found that the results of HCV RASs at the 10% threshold of PacBio sequencing are comparable to those of Sanger sequencing. In terms of high-throughput sequencing, the price of PacBio sequencing (571 CNY per specimen) is significantly lower than that of NGS (1000 CNY per specimen).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In summary, these findings suggest that the adoption of the 10% threshold in PacBio sequencing for the analysis of HCV RASs is advisable. Moreover, given its relatively lower cost, PacBio sequencing holds great promise as a valuable tool for large-scale population sequencing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"605 ","pages":"Article 110481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular antiviral responses, immune priming and inheritance in insects

IF 2.8 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110468

Everardo Gutiérrez-Millán, Eduardo Daniel Rodríguez-Aguilar, Mario Henry Rodríguez

{"title":"Molecular antiviral responses, immune priming and inheritance in insects","authors":"Everardo Gutiérrez-Millán, Eduardo Daniel Rodríguez-Aguilar, Mario Henry Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viral diseases transmitted by insects to plants cause severe agricultural damage and arboviruses transmitted to humans cause severe disease outbreaks. The interaction between viruses and the insect defences is complex and has evolved into acting-counteracting molecular interplays. Viruses depict complex molecular mechanisms to ensure invasion, replication and exit the insect host cell, to invade other cells. On the other hand, insect cells use molecular strategies to recognize, halt replication and eliminate the invaders. In turn, virus counteract with evasive strategies. The main antiviral defence mechanism RNA interference (RNAi) recognizes and degrades viral RNA, thereby inhibiting viral replication. These in conjunction with other canonical immune pathways, Toll, IMD, JAK/STAT and Akt-ERK developed mainly to combat bacteria, fungi and protozoa, along with mechanisms to eliminate infected cells like apoptosis and phagocytosis comprise a multifactorial system. Insects exposed to an attenuated or sublethal viral infection could respond with faster and enhanced immune responses to the same pathogen (priming), which is like immunological memory in vertebrates. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain priming, including endoreplication, epigenetic gene modifications by DNA methylation and histone acetylation. Priming could be inherited by the offspring (transgenerational immune priming, TGIP). However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying TGIP remain to be elucidated. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms employed by insects to combat viral infections, discusses the current information and the outstanding research questions in the area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"605 ","pages":"Article 110468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Virology最新文献