IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2026.110820

M. Forgia , P. Margaria , M. Mammella , M. Ciuffo

{"title":"Characterization of Italian resistance-breaking isolates of tomato spotted wilt virus reveals double resistance-breaking strains in tomato and pepper and new insights into the occurrence of the recently reported D122G substitution in the NSm protein","authors":"M. Forgia , P. Margaria , M. Mammella , M. Ciuffo","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2026.110820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2026.110820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a generalist plant virus that infects over 1000 plant species, causing significant damage to cultivated crops, including tomato and pepper, two of the most widely grown crops globally. Strategies for TSWV control in these hosts rely on different approaches, including the availability of resistance genes (<em>Sw-5</em> in tomato, <em>Tsw</em> in pepper), encoding intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors that interact with TSWV NSm (in tomato) or NSs (in pepper) protein. However, the emergence of natural resistance-breaking (RB) isolates of TSWV has been reported worldwide for both crops and is currently of serious concern in the global scenario. The determinants of RB phenotypes have been well-documented, particularly for tomato, where single amino acid substitutions in the N-terminal region of the NSm protein are sufficient to induce RB. Through biological characterization and high-throughput sequencing of various Italian TSWV isolates collected in field conditions, we identified and characterized, for the first time, TSWV isolates capable of overcoming resistance in both tomato and pepper (referred to as double resistance-breaking, D-RB). Additionally, our investigation evidenced the occurrence in the field of: (i) a tomato RB isolate coding for RB-inducing NSm variants with distinct substitutions and (ii) tomato RB isolates coding for a NSm protein carrying a substitution (D > G) so far not revealed in Italian agricultural system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 110820"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Favipiravir's clinical potential for treating Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS): A narrative review 法匹拉韦治疗发热伴血小板减少综合征（SFTS）的临床潜力：一篇叙述性综述。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2026.110799

Xinhan Yu , Chunling Jiang , Shuzhao Jia , Shuchen Chang , Youwang Li , Lina Liu , Huaying Huang

{"title":"Favipiravir's clinical potential for treating Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS): A narrative review","authors":"Xinhan Yu , Chunling Jiang , Shuzhao Jia , Shuchen Chang , Youwang Li , Lina Liu , Huaying Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2026.110799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2026.110799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS), an emerging infectious disease first identified in China in 2009, has subsequently been reported in multiple neighboring countries. This disease exhibits high incidence and mortality rates, evolving into a significant public health concern. As a broad-spectrum antiviral agent, favipiravir has demonstrated promising therapeutic potential against SFTS in clinical applications within Japan, positioning itself as a focus of research in this field. This narrative review summarizes the disease characteristics of SFTS and research advances related to favipiravir, with a focus on investigating the drug's therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action against SFTS. Current evidence indicates that favipiravir not only effectively inhibits SFTS virus replication but may also improve patients' clinical outcomes, offering a novel therapeutic direction for SFTS treatment. This paper comprehensively reviews favipiravir's mechanism of action against SFTSV, along with advances in preclinical and clinical research, while addressing current challenges and future research directions to provide reference for further investigation and clinical application of this drug. However, it should be noted that current clinical experience with favipiravir for the treatment of SFTS remains relatively limited. There is still a lack of robust evidence from large-scale, high-quality randomized controlled trials to definitively establish its efficacy and safety. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms underlying certain observed side effects (such as elevated uric acid levels) require further investigation to optimize safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"617 ","pages":"Article 110799"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The molecular, antigenic, and pathogenic characterization of novel IBV of GI-22 lineage endemic in China 中国流行的新型IBV GI-22株的分子、抗原和病原学特征。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2026.110826

Xianchen Meng , Na Li , Jingjing Xu , Yushan Wei , Jianjun Zhang , Zhimin Wan , Tuofan Li , Quan Xie , Aijian Qin , Hongxia Shao , Haitao Zhang , Jianqiang Ye

{"title":"The molecular, antigenic, and pathogenic characterization of novel IBV of GI-22 lineage endemic in China","authors":"Xianchen Meng , Na Li , Jingjing Xu , Yushan Wei , Jianjun Zhang , Zhimin Wan , Tuofan Li , Quan Xie , Aijian Qin , Hongxia Shao , Haitao Zhang , Jianqiang Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2026.110826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2026.110826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, chicken infectious bronchitis (IB), caused by the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), has emerged as one of the top diseases in the poultry industry in China. Site mutations and recombination events contribute to the high genetic diversity of IBV. In this study we considered the S1 sequences of 30 GI-22 lineage strains, including 24 isolates previously identified, isolated from flocks with the clinical signs of nephritis, egg production drop or oviduct lesions, which shared common clinical signs with the classical GI-22 lineage IBV. The S1 amino acid sequences of all 30 isolates were highly diverse from those of classical GI-22 viruses and these 30 isolates could be grouped into five clusters with high diversity of S1 protein with each other, the S1 amino acid sequence homology ranging from 83.48% to 100%. Cross-neutralization assays revealed that these 30 novel GI-22 lineage isolates exhibited at least three serotypes. Furthermore, infection studies showed that these novel IBV isolates could cause lesions of glandular stomach, kidney and reproductive system in chickens, and showed potential efficient transmission ability with high mortality. Analysis of the receptor binding domain (RBD) revealed that these novel IBV strains of GI-22 lineage also carried 14-amino-acid insertion in HVR1, which was distinctly different from the current vaccine strains. Overall, our data provided insights into the emergence and highly variant antigenicity of novel GI-22 lineage IBVs, highlighting the need for development of IB vaccines against novel and pathogenic GI-22 lineage IBVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"617 ","pages":"Article 110826"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146159893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spike 1 trimer subunit vaccines against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus effectively induce protective immunity challenge in piglets 猪流行性腹泻病毒Spike - 1三聚体亚单位疫苗可有效诱导仔猪保护性免疫攻击。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2026.110823

Zhiqiang Li , Mingzhi Zhao , Guigang Zhang , Jiahai Cheng , Shijie Yan , Pinghuang Liu

{"title":"Spike 1 trimer subunit vaccines against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus effectively induce protective immunity challenge in piglets","authors":"Zhiqiang Li , Mingzhi Zhao , Guigang Zhang , Jiahai Cheng , Shijie Yan , Pinghuang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2026.110823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2026.110823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PEDV poses a significant threat to the sustainable development of the global swine industry, resulting in substantial economic losses. Current commercially available vaccines exhibit limited efficacy in controlling the disease. Therefore, the development of an effective vaccine for the prevention and control of PEDV is critically important. This study employed Trimer-Tag technology to express a native-like trimeric S1 subunit fusion protein using a eukaryotic expression system as a candidate vaccine, and evaluated its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in comparison with the full-length S protein. The results demonstrated that the S1-Trimer vaccine was safe, as no mortality was observed in mice and no abortions occurred in sows during the immunization period. In mouse, sow and piglet models, S1-Trimer elicits immunological responses comparable to those of the full-length S protein and induces high levels of PEDV-specific antibodies, including serum IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibodies (Nabs). The results of the piglet challenge study demonstrated that, compared with the control group, immunization with both S1-Trimer and the full-length S protein significantly reduced diarrhea index scores, intestinal viral loads, and intestinal pathological lesions. These findings indicate that the S1-Trimer vaccine elicits strong protection against the highly pathogenic strain of PEDV, with clinical efficacy comparable to that of the full-length S protein. S1-Trimer, a promising and competitive candidate vaccine based on Trimer-Tag technology, represents a potentially significant platform for the rapid development and production of safe and effective subunit vaccines in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"617 ","pages":"Article 110823"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146128113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Twist-ONT: Combining nanopore sequencing with the twist comprehensive viral research panel” [Virology (616) (2026), 110789] “twist - ont：结合纳米孔测序与twist综合病毒研究小组”的勘误表[病毒学（616）（2026），110789]。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2026.110816

Jonathan Haars , Tomas Cumlin , Claes Ladenvall , Johan Lennerstrand , René Kaden

引用次数: 0

Human parainfluenza virus type 3 viruses with the furin-susceptible motif at the cleavage site of the fusion protein arose from original wild strains during their propagation in vitro 人类副流感病毒3型病毒在其体外繁殖过程中产生了融合蛋白裂解位点具有富蛋白敏感基序的原始野生菌株

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2026.110797

Yuka Iino , Ko Sato , Yuki Furuse , Emiko Isogai , Hidekazu Nishimura

{"title":"Human parainfluenza virus type 3 viruses with the furin-susceptible motif at the cleavage site of the fusion protein arose from original wild strains during their propagation in vitro","authors":"Yuka Iino , Ko Sato , Yuki Furuse , Emiko Isogai , Hidekazu Nishimura","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2026.110797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2026.110797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) requires proteolytic cleavage of its fusion proteins by either exogenous serine proteases or a ubiquitous intracellular protease, furin, for replication <em>in vitro</em>. Viruses that utilize furin possess furin-susceptible amino acid sequence motifs at the cleavage site of the fusion protein when they infect host cells; without the motif, the virus cannot replicate in cultured cells without the aid of serine proteases such as trypsin. While HPIV3 isolates carrying this furin-susceptible motif (VWFM) were frequently reported in studies conducted before 1990, they are now largely regarded as laboratory-adapted variants and are not detected in viruses within clinical specimens. Although this artifactual nature has been widely postulated, definitive experimental evidence detailing the mutation process has been limited. Building on this concept, we hypothesized that the VWFM is artificially selected during the culturing of wild viral isolates in the host cell under low-trypsin concentration conditions. We repeatedly passaged HPIV3 strains lacking the furin motif under conditions of low or no trypsin supplementation in cell culture. During this process, we observed the emergence of VWFM, which arose from a single nucleotide substitution at the cleavage site of the F gene and acquired the ability to replicate without exogenous trypsin. Thus, we experimentally demonstrated the occurrence of an amino acid substitution at the cleavage site under selective pressure <em>in vitro</em>. These findings substantiate previous insights, confirming that the VWFM is unlikely to dominate in nature but rather arises artificially during the propagation of HPIV3 in cell culture. (248/250 words)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"617 ","pages":"Article 110797"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Promoter-like activity on the minus strand supports sfRNA biogenesis in Japanese encephalitis virus 负链上的启动子样活性支持日本脑炎病毒的sfRNA生物发生

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2026.110817

Yi-Shiuan Chen, Yi-Hsin Fan, Chih-Feng Tien, Shih-Jie Chou, Ruey-Yi Chang

{"title":"Promoter-like activity on the minus strand supports sfRNA biogenesis in Japanese encephalitis virus","authors":"Yi-Shiuan Chen, Yi-Hsin Fan, Chih-Feng Tien, Shih-Jie Chou, Ruey-Yi Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2026.110817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2026.110817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arthropod-borne flaviviruses produce subgenomic RNAs (sfRNAs) from the highly conserved 3′-untranslated region (UTR). While most flaviviruses generate sfRNAs by resisting degradation from the host exoribonuclease XRN1, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) maintains sfRNA production even when XRN1 is depleted, suggesting an alternative mechanism. Using an <em>in vitro</em> RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) assay, we identified a promoter-like element on the antigenome, designated (−)sfP, which exhibits transcriptional activity comparable to the well-characterized 5′ stem-loop A (5′-SLA) promoter of the viral genome. In contrast, the complementary strand of 5′-SLA, termed (−)SLA, located at the 3′-terminus of antigenome, displayed only weak promoter activity. Both (−)SLA and (−)sfP RNAs were found to interact with viral RdRp and a similar set of host proteins, suggesting potential roles in regulating RNA synthesis from the antigenomic template. Detection of minus-strand sfRNA by Northern blot supports the existence of replication intermediates generated through RdRp-mediated transcription rather than simple degradation products. Together, these findings reveal a previously unrecognized promoter-like activity on the JEV antigenome that may contribute to sfRNA formation and genome replication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"617 ","pages":"Article 110817"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combination immunization with mRNAs encoding PRRSV antigens enhances immune responses and confers protective immunity against highly pathogenic PRRSV in piglets 与编码PRRSV抗原的mrna联合免疫可增强仔猪的免疫应答，并提供对高致病性PRRSV的保护性免疫

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2026.110810

Haiyun Liu , Yuqing Ma , Fengping Hou , Zhidong Teng , Lixin Jiang , Lu Qiao , Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi , Shuanghui Yin , Huichen Guo , Shiqi Sun

{"title":"Combination immunization with mRNAs encoding PRRSV antigens enhances immune responses and confers protective immunity against highly pathogenic PRRSV in piglets","authors":"Haiyun Liu , Yuqing Ma , Fengping Hou , Zhidong Teng , Lixin Jiang , Lu Qiao , Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi , Shuanghui Yin , Huichen Guo , Shiqi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2026.110810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2026.110810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused significant economic losses in the livestock industry. Due to high genetic variability and limited cellular immunity induction by traditional vaccines, current options offer insufficient protection. In contrast, mRNA vaccines offer flexibility in antigen design and enhanced cellular immune response, presenting a promising solution for PRRSV vaccination. In this study, multiple mRNAs encoding PRRSV structural proteins GP3, GP4, GP5, M, and N, as well as the fusion proteins GP345 and GP5MN, were constructed, encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), and administered to mice either with individual fusion protein mRNA-LNPs or a combination immunization of structural protein mRNA-LNPs formulations to evaluate their immunogenicity in <em>vivo</em>. To further assess protective efficacy, we compared GP5+M+N and GP3+4+5 with a commercial inactivated vaccine in piglets. Notably, GP5+M+N not only achieved a humoral immune response comparable to that of the inactivated vaccine but also induced significantly higher levels of IFN-γ secretion and conferred effective protection in piglets. The results showed that GP5+M+N could induce a stronger specific antibody response and cellular immune response than GP5MN; the cellular immune response induced by GP3+GP4+GP5 (GP3+4+5) was also significantly better than that of GP345. These results not only verified the application potential of PRRSV mRNA vaccines but also indicated that the combination immunization of mRNAs expressing individual antigens was superior to that of mRNAs expressing multiple antigen fusions. This study provides both theoretical support and practical guidance for the rational design of PRRSV mRNA vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"617 ","pages":"Article 110810"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pathogenesis and current advancement in treatment and prevention strategies for Human metapneumovirus 人偏肺病毒的发病机制及防治策略研究进展

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2026.110798

Shailendra K. Saxena , Jitesh Yadav , Hari Kishan , Arpita S. Harnam , Swatantra Kumar , Vimal K. Maurya , Saniya Ansari , Janusz T. Paweska , Radha Kanta Ratho

{"title":"Pathogenesis and current advancement in treatment and prevention strategies for Human metapneumovirus","authors":"Shailendra K. Saxena , Jitesh Yadav , Hari Kishan , Arpita S. Harnam , Swatantra Kumar , Vimal K. Maurya , Saniya Ansari , Janusz T. Paweska , Radha Kanta Ratho","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2026.110798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2026.110798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a well-identified paramyxovirus that has emerged as a significant global health threat, particularly following recent outbreaks in 2024–2025. It preferentially infects the respiratory epithelium and affects infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised populations. The clinical manifestations of the HMPV range from mild upper respiratory symptoms to severe diffuse bronchopneumonia. As of late 2024 and early 2025, HMPV has been responsible for 6.2% of positive respiratory illness tests and 5.4% of respiratory-associated hospitalizations in China, surpassing COVID-19, rhinovirus, and adenovirus. HMPV is a non-segmented, negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus with a genome of about 13.3 kb, and it is genetically related to <em>Orthopneumovirus</em>, particularly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Its transmission occurs primarily within households, and the virus poses significant risks to vulnerable populations. Immunologic responses to HMPV infections are diverse, with limited lasting immunity, leading to frequent reinfections. Diagnosis is problematic due to overlapping clinical manifestations of the disease alongside other respiratory viruses like RSV and influenza. Presently, no vaccines or antiviral treatments are available for HMPV, though several vaccine candidates are under investigation, including mRNA-1653 and IVX-A12, which have shown promising results in Phase I and Phase II clinical trials. Recent advances in understanding HMPV's molecular biology and immune modulation have led to exploring new therapeutic strategies, including monoclonal antibodies, fusion inhibitors, and RNA interference-based therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"617 ","pages":"Article 110798"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A bivalent subunit vaccine elicits robust immune responses and neutralizing antibodies against genogroup 1b and 2b porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses 一种二价亚单位疫苗可引起针对1b和2b基因群猪流行性腹泻病毒的强大免疫应答和中和抗体。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2026.110824

Shreya Sharma , Brittany Thivierge , Qiang Liu

{"title":"A bivalent subunit vaccine elicits robust immune responses and neutralizing antibodies against genogroup 1b and 2b porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses","authors":"Shreya Sharma , Brittany Thivierge , Qiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2026.110824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2026.110824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a member of the family <em>Coronaviridae</em> and genus Alphacoronavirus in the order <em>Nidovirales.</em> It causes porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) which is characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration in swine and is fatal in neonatal piglets with a mortality rate of up to 100%. It is highly contagious, thus resulting in mass epidemics that can have a significant impact on the swine industry. The emerging strains of PEDV are majorly divided into G1b (S-INDEL), and G2b (non-S-INDEL) genogroups based on the spike S1 protein and their virulence. The current vaccines target only one genogroup. In this study, we developed a novel bivalent subunit vaccine by generating a fusion protein of the S1 proteins of both genogroups. For immunogenicity evaluation, mice were intramuscularly immunized twice with the subunit vaccine formulated with three Montanide adjuvants: IMS 1313 VGN, Gel 02 PR, or ISA 61 VG. Results showed that all adjuvanted vaccines induced robust IgG and IgA responses against S1 proteins of both genogroups. IgG1 and IgG2a quantification showed IMS 1313 VGN and ISA 61 VG formulations elicited Th2-biased immune responses, whereas Gel 02 PR adjuvanted subunit vaccine induced balanced immune responses. More importantly, the formulated vaccines elicited neutralizing antibody titers against PEDV infections of both genogroups, with the ISA 61 VG group inducing neutralizing titers greater than 1:64. These pre-clinical results demonstrate that the bivalent subunit vaccine is a promising vaccine candidate against multiple PEDV genogroups that should be further tested in pig trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"617 ","pages":"Article 110824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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