Virology最新文献

{"title":"First linear B-cell epitope identified on the nucleocapsid protein of bovine coronavirus","authors":"Yulong Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiawen Zhang ,&nbsp;Hailiang Wu ,&nbsp;Shuai Zhao ,&nbsp;Yachao Ren ,&nbsp;Qiuhui Chen ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Xianmao Liao ,&nbsp;Yuming Mo ,&nbsp;Yiming Zhong ,&nbsp;Guohua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is an important pathogen that can cause diarrhea in calves, respiratory disease, and winter dysentery in adult dairy cows. BCoV nucleocapsid protein (N) is highly conserved structural proteins that stimulate a strong immune response in the host, inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses, and are key targets for early and rapid diagnosis of coronaviruses and vaccine development. Therefore, the identification and screening of epitopes on N proteins is essential for the development of sensitive and specific diagnostic methods. In this study, BALB/c mice were immunized with soluble recombinant BCoV N protein expressed with a prokaryotic expression system, and two N-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs): 2F9 and 7H6 were prepared that recognize the same linear B-cell epitope with the smallest fragment located at ³⁸⁰YQQQDG³⁸⁵. Homology analysis of the amino acid sequences of the corresponding regions of nine typical BCoV strains from the different areas showed that the epitopes were high conservation. Homology analysis of the corresponding amino acid sequences of other animal-derived coronaviruses within the β coronavirus genus revealed that the homology of this epitope across different species was remarkably low. Intriguingly, it exhibited 100 % identity exclusively with human coronavirus OC43 and canine coronavirus CRCoV/BJ - 221. Such a finding offers crucial insights into viral evolution, transmission dynamics, and strategies for disease prevention and control, thereby highlighting its significance in advancing our understanding of coronaviruses. These findings fill the gaps in the study of BCoV N protein epitopes and promote the understanding of BCoV N protein structure, which is valuable for developing diagnostic methods for detecting BCoV and exploring the biological functions of BCoV N proteins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110581"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-level inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 invasion by cannabidiol and epigallocatechin gallate","authors":"Meng-Chun Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Wang ,&nbsp;Meixi Lu ,&nbsp;Danli Cao ,&nbsp;Jingwen Lin ,&nbsp;Hang Chen ,&nbsp;Caiji Lin ,&nbsp;Yao Wang ,&nbsp;Xing-Hua Zhang ,&nbsp;Mengzhi Xu ,&nbsp;Gui-Rong Liu ,&nbsp;Han Li ,&nbsp;Pengfei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Xu ,&nbsp;Shu-Lin Liu ,&nbsp;Huidi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) attributable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The current study aimed at combination therapies with natural polyphenolic compounds, such as cannabidiol (CBD), green tea polyphenols (Tea-poly), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and theaflavin (TF), to investigate <em>in vitro</em> their inhibitory effects on virus invasion and viral spike (S) protein expression. Among the compounds tested, CBD and Tea-poly exhibited the most significant inhibitory effects on virus entry, comparable to the positive control chloroquine (CQ). EGCG showed the strongest suppression of the expression of the S protein, while CBD remarkably decreased ACE2 expression. CoIP-MS revealed eleven S-protein-interacting proteins that were significantly affected by EGCG. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated similar trends of CBD and EGCG in the modulation of many SARS-CoV-2-associated genes, with CBD showing greater impact on the gene profile than EGCG. GO and KEGG functional enrichment analyses revealed overlapping pathways of EGCG and CBD, including DNA repair, cell-cycle, and ER-, spliceosome- and ribosome-related processes. The combined use of CBD and EGCG can complement each other's advantages in inhibiting the invasion and reinvasion process of the virus at multiple levels, while minimizing the adverse effects of ACE2 expression level changes. Findings in this work offer new information for developing multi-level therapeutic strategies to control SARS-CoV-2 infection and, specifically, provide a novel antiviral agent combination of CBD and EGCG for the control of COVID-19.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The VP5 protein of the oncolytic virus OH2 regulates nectin-3 molecule to modulate tumor cell apoptosis","authors":"Wen Xia ,&nbsp;Qin Zhou ,&nbsp;Xinya Wang ,&nbsp;Jingru Yang ,&nbsp;Xinxin Ren ,&nbsp;Jian Wu ,&nbsp;Xuyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Liuwei ,&nbsp;Han Hu ,&nbsp;Binlei Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oncolytic virus therapy is a novel and promising approach in tumor immunotherapy. We have developed the oncolytic virus OH2 and completed its preclinical studies. This oncolytic virus is currently undergoing clinical trials in China (NMPA, 2018L02743) and the United States (FDA IND 27137) targeting various solid tumors. One of the main mechanisms by which the oncolytic virus exerts its antitumor effect is through the direct killing of tumor cells. In our previous studies, we found that the structural protein VP5 of oncolytic virus OH2 can induce apoptosis in A549 cells via the TP53I3 molecule. This study further investigates the solid tumor cell lines involved in the clinical trials of oncolytic virus OH2. We found that VP5 protein exhibits different functions depending on the tumor cell type. Stable expression of VP5 protein enhanced the cytotoxicity of UV-OH2 against BGC823, LoVo, and CT26 cells, while inhibiting its cytotoxicity against 4T1 and HeLa cells. To explore the differences in the cytotoxicity induced by VP5 protein in different tumor cells, we performed transcriptome sequencing on 4T1-VP5 cells and OH2-stimulated 4T1-VP5 cells, comparing them with 4T1 cells and OH2-stimulated 4T1 cells, respectively. We also compared the transcriptome sequencing results with those of A549 cells from previous studies. Through this, we identified <em>nectin-3</em> as a differentially expressed gene associated with tumor cell killing induced by VP5 protein. Further studies on <em>nectin-3</em> revealed that the structural protein VP5 of oncolytic virus OH2 regulates the expression of <em>nectin-3</em> in tumor cells, thereby promoting or inhibiting tumor cell apoptosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mini-review: Insight of bacteriophage therapy in clinical practice","authors":"Smita Ghosh ,&nbsp;Shrabani Pradhan ,&nbsp;Kuntal Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms requires implementing alternative therapy rather than antibiotics. Phage therapy is a fantastic substitute for antibiotics. Compared to antibiotics, phage therapy has many benefits, such as high specificity for the target bacteria, auto-dosing, biofilm penetration, and a decreased likelihood of resistance development. Regulatory issues, manufacturing barriers, the possibility of phage resistance, and interactions with the human immune system are only a few of the major obstacles that still exist. Various phage-derived enzymes and bioengineered phages may increase the therapeutic potential to combat antibiotic-resistant infections. This mini-review is compiled from research on phage mechanisms in mammalian immune systems, therapeutic uses, regulatory issues, and phage engineering advancements. Thus, it offers a hopeful future in phage therapy by offering a thorough overview of the therapeutic potentiality of phage and the global aspects of phage therapy. In conclusion, phages are expected to become an alternative treatment for antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria for medical purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porcine respiratory coronavirus in 10 provinces of China: Molecular epidemiology, genetic diversity, and pathogenesis of the isolated PRCV/NM strain","authors":"Shihao Ding ,&nbsp;Jie Ni ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Liu ,&nbsp;Dongliang Li ,&nbsp;Jingliang Su ,&nbsp;Farong Xu ,&nbsp;Pinghuang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Respiratory coronaviruses pose significant health threats to both humans and animals. Porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) typically causes mild respiratory infections in pigs and serves as a valuable model for human respiratory coronavirus. However, the investigation of PRCV pathogenesis remains limited. This study investigates the prevalence, genetic diversity, and pathogenesis of PRCV in China. From 2022 to 2024, 1186 pig tracheal samples were collected across 10 provinces, revealing a widespread presence of PRCV with an 11.8 % overall prevalence. For the first time, we isolated a PRCV strain from China, designated PRCV/NM, which is closely related to American lineages. Notably, PRCV/NM demonstrated a strong tropism for respiratory epithelial cells and organoids, with no significant infection of intestinal tissues. Experimental infections in piglets revealed that PRCV/NM induces asymptomatic infections, accompanied by minimal pulmonary pathology and no intestinal involvement. Our study provides insights into the molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis of PRCV in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110582"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in phage therapy in response to antimicrobial resistance","authors":"William Calero-Cáceres ,&nbsp;José Luis Balcázar","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110578","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"609 ","pages":"Article 110578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virology special issue: Hepatitis B","authors":"Thomas Tu ,&nbsp;Eloi R. Verrier ,&nbsp;Barbara Testoni","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110550","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overrange dilution for improvement of hepatitis B core related antigen as a biomarker: protocol validation and examples for application","authors":"Maria Pfefferkorn ,&nbsp;Jessica Brehm ,&nbsp;Martin Brehm ,&nbsp;Fanny Honshoven ,&nbsp;Danilo Deichsel ,&nbsp;Laura Vernoux ,&nbsp;Vedran Pavlovic ,&nbsp;Cynthia Wat ,&nbsp;Thomas Berg ,&nbsp;Florian van Bömmel","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hepatitis B core related antigen (HBcrAg) measurement predicts treatment outcomes and reflects intrahepatic HBV replication. The commercially available automated assay for HBcrAg has a linear range of 3.0 – 7.0 logU/mL, with higher levels requiring dilution. However, using different diluents across studies may impact comparability and cross-reactivity, which has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aims to validate a dilution method for specimens above the upper limit of quantification (7.0 logU/mL) to improve comparability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The dilution procedure was two-site tested with three matrices for practicability, accuracy and repeatability using samples from HBV-infected patients with high HBcrAg levels. Samples were tested undiluted or diluted when overrange using Fujirebio's specific dilution reagent (SD1) with reflex testing of pre-treated samples, or manually diluted with fetal calf serum (FCS) or human serum (HS) of samples before restarting pre-treatment. Overrange dilution was further validated in three patient cohorts: untreated HBV-infected patients (n = 157) and patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA, n = 19), or pegylated interferon-2alpha (PEG-IFN, n = 80)</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>On-board dilution with SD1 showed higher background signals compared to HS or FCS. The dilution process was reproducible across sites, but SD1 underestimated HBcrAg levels. Dilution with FCS showed an early decrease in HBcrAg levels in patients with HBeAg SC during NA treatment (after 3 months, p = 0.022) and PEG-IFN treatment, whereas no change in HBcrAg levels was found without overrange dilution.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Validation showed high background and underestimating levels of HBcrAg with SD1, while FCS-based overrange dilution resulted in significant early HBcrAg decreases and better correlation with treatment response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"609 ","pages":"Article 110576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vectored long-term co-delivery of antibodies for SARS-CoV-2, RSV and Influenza prophylaxis","authors":"Stine Sofie Frank Lende ,&nbsp;Frederik Holm Rothemejer ,&nbsp;Malthe Andreas ,&nbsp;Maria Lange Pedersen ,&nbsp;Laura Traberg-Nyborg ,&nbsp;Emma Falling Iversen ,&nbsp;Anna Karina Juhl ,&nbsp;Ole Schmeltz Søgaard ,&nbsp;Mariane Høgsbjerg Schleimann ,&nbsp;Martin Tolstrup","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immunocompromised patients are at greater risk of severe courses of common respiratory infections like SARS-CoV-2, RSV and Influenza, while simultaneously benefitting less from protective vaccinations. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against SARS-CoV-2, RSV and Influenza are effective at disease treatment, but costly and impractical as long-term prophylaxis. Vectored immunoprophylaxis is an attractive alternative, allowing continuous production of mAbs by the recipient's own cells. Here, we show that the anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAb A23.58.1 delivered through an adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) viral vector intramuscularly leads to dose-dependent sustained antibody expression, protecting mice from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further, we demonstrate that AAV8-vectored co-delivery of A23.58.1, alongside anti-RSV mAb Nirsevimab, and anti-Influenza mAb 1000-3B04, at a physiologically relevant level for viral protection, is possible. This approach could be a valuable alternative to mAb treatment in immunocompromised populations by conferring long-term antibody expression and prophylaxis following a single intramuscular injection. Further, co-delivery of several antibodies simultaneously demonstrates the feasibility of generating broad and robust antiviral gene therapies in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diallyl trisulfide inhibits in vitro replication of the Japanese encephalitis virus by modulating autophagy via mTOR-dependent pathway","authors":"Shivani Marandi ,&nbsp;Krishna P. Bhabak ,&nbsp;Sachin Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Japanese encephalitis is a neurological disease caused by the mosquito-borne Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The clinically approved antiviral drugs for JEV infection are not available. In our present study, we investigated the antiviral activity of garlic oil and its key organosulfur compounds against JEV. The garlic oil showed anti-JEV activity in Neuro-2a cells at a 20 μg/ml concentration. Further, the components of garlic oil, i.e., diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS), and diallyl trisulfide (DATS), were screened for their anti-JEV activity. DATS was active among these compounds and displayed higher antiviral activity against JEV than DAS and DADS. Moreover, DATS inhibited JEV replication in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Mechanistic investigations revealed the activation of mTOR signaling associated protein levels (phospho-mTOR, mTOR, phospho-AKT, AKT) and phospho-p62 autophagy marker in JEV-infected Neuro-2a cells after 48 h post-treatment with DATS. These results demonstrate that DATS inhibits JEV replication by suppressing autophagy via mTOR-dependent pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}