Virology最新文献_第9页

Epidemic influenza virus strains with high growth capability induce severe inflammatory response in vivo 具有高生长能力的流行性流感病毒株在体内诱导严重的炎症反应。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110717

Akeno Tsuneki-Tokunaga , Mizuki Komatsu , Waldy Yudha Perdana , Shota Nishiyama , Alfredo A. Hinay Jr. , Seiji Kageyama , Kyosuke Kanai

{"title":"Epidemic influenza virus strains with high growth capability induce severe inflammatory response in vivo","authors":"Akeno Tsuneki-Tokunaga , Mizuki Komatsu , Waldy Yudha Perdana , Shota Nishiyama , Alfredo A. Hinay Jr. , Seiji Kageyama , Kyosuke Kanai","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Influenza epidemics occur worldwide and impose a substantial socioeconomic burden. In our previous studies, epidemic influenza virus strains isolated from seasonal influenza patient specimens exhibited a wide range of growth capabilities and demonstrated growth-dependent cell death in vitro. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that diversity in growth capabilities contributes to the severity of influenza infection. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the growth capabilities of epidemic influenza virus strains and the severity of inflammation in the bronchoalveolar cavity of inoculated mice. Our results demonstrated that high growth capability influenza A virus (IAV) strains replicated significantly faster in mice compared to low growth capability strains. High growth capability strains also induced earlier and stronger production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoted more rapid infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lungs. Moreover, mice infected with high growth capability strains exhibited greater weight loss and a higher mortality than those infected with low growth capability strains. These findings suggest that high growth capability IAV strains circulating in the community may induce rapid and pronounced inflammatory responses in infected individuals, leading to severe illness. Our findings may facilitate the identification of high-risk strains and support the development of improved therapeutic strategies for severe influenza cases, thereby providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying influenza severity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"613 ","pages":"Article 110717"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145350848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decoding extracellular vesicles-mediated encapsulation of enveloped and nonenveloped gut viruses through phosphatidylserine affinity profiling 通过磷脂酰丝氨酸亲和分析解码细胞外囊泡介导的包膜和非包膜肠道病毒的包封。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110712

Alex Ujong Obeten , Ricardo David Avellán-Llaguno , Haining Huang , Yu-Han Yin , Yue Zhu , Xue-Li Xu , Jing-Yu Chen , Yanzi Wang , GuoZhu Ye , Zhizhen Pan , Li-Ting Zhu , Qiansheng Huang

{"title":"Decoding extracellular vesicles-mediated encapsulation of enveloped and nonenveloped gut viruses through phosphatidylserine affinity profiling","authors":"Alex Ujong Obeten , Ricardo David Avellán-Llaguno , Haining Huang , Yu-Han Yin , Yue Zhu , Xue-Li Xu , Jing-Yu Chen , Yanzi Wang , GuoZhu Ye , Zhizhen Pan , Li-Ting Zhu , Qiansheng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viruses are generally classified as enveloped viruses (EnVs) or nonenveloped viruses (non-EnVs), based on the presence of a lipid membrane, with membrane-mediated transmission traditionally attributed to EnVs. However, the composition and characteristics of viral populations encapsulated within extracellular vesicles (EVs) which are phospholipid bilayer nanoparticles released by all living organisms remain poorly understood. Here, we applied a phosphatidylserine (PS)-affinity enrichment strategy to isolate EV-encapsulated viral populations from human stool-derived extracellular viral-like particles (VLPs). Quantitative particle analysis revealed that EnVs exhibited an 11-fold higher PS affinity compared to free non-EnVs (fold change 2.79 vs 0.25). Metagenomic analysis revealed significant enrichment of non-EnVs within PS-positive fractions, including DNA viruses <em>Salasmaviridae</em> (3.84 ± 6.44 %) and RNA bacteriophage <em>Fiersviridae</em> (44.99 ± 32.80 %). Predicted Host-virus correlation analysis highlighted strong correlations between viral families <em>Autographiviridae</em>, <em>Microviridae</em> and host family <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>. Functional annotation further showed enrichment of structural and replication-related genes in the EV-associated virome. These findings provide evidence for EVs-mediated encapsulation of non-EnVs, challenging the traditional dichotomy of viral classification. This noteworthy observation positions EVs encapsulation as a critical determinant in viral life cycles and underscores the need to revisit current viral taxonomy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"613 ","pages":"Article 110712"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carica papaya genome-encoded microRNAs as post-transcriptional silencers of Papaya ringspot virus: A genome-wide mining and RT-qPCR-based functional validation 番木瓜基因组编码的microrna作为番木瓜环斑病毒转录后沉默子：全基因组挖掘和基于rt - qpcr的功能验证。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110718

Rajkumari Jyotika , Sankarasubramanian Harish , Mannu Jayakanthan , Gandhi Karthikeyan , K.K. Kumar , Marimuthu Murugan , Santosh Ganapati Patil

{"title":"Carica papaya genome-encoded microRNAs as post-transcriptional silencers of Papaya ringspot virus: A genome-wide mining and RT-qPCR-based functional validation","authors":"Rajkumari Jyotika , Sankarasubramanian Harish , Mannu Jayakanthan , Gandhi Karthikeyan , K.K. Kumar , Marimuthu Murugan , Santosh Ganapati Patil","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated antiviral defence, offering potential applications in virus detection and breeding for resistance. The present study aimed to isolate total RNA from PRSV-infected papaya plants and investigate the expression profiles of conserved miRNAs involved in papaya–PRSV interactions. Potential miRNA target sites were predicted using four complementary bioinformatics tools—miRanda, RNA22, plant small RNA (psRNA) Target, and RNAhybrid—and conserved targets were identified across PRSV isolates from Taiwan, Hawaii, and Delhi. To validate the <em>in-silico</em> predictions, specific stem-loop primers were designed for miRNA reverse transcription, followed by pulse RT-based quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) for precise expression profiling. Differential expression analysis revealed significant upregulation of cpa-miR159a, cpa-miR394a, cpa-miR394b, and cpa-miR319, whereas cpa-miR8140 was markedly downregulated in infected plants. These findings indicate that miRNAs may be involved in modulating host-defense responses during PRSV infection. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the miRNA–mRNA interaction network and establishes a foundational resource that can support future research aimed at understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying PRSV–papaya interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"613 ","pages":"Article 110718"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145350884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RNAi therapeutics targeting Japanese encephalitis virus: Gene targets, delivery platforms, and translational barriers 针对日本脑炎病毒的RNAi疗法：基因靶标、传递平台和翻译障碍

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110713

Maneesh Kumar , Pratima Gupta , Suman Kumar , Shyam Kishor Kumar , Shashank Nand Tiwari , Ashok Aspatwar

{"title":"RNAi therapeutics targeting Japanese encephalitis virus: Gene targets, delivery platforms, and translational barriers","authors":"Maneesh Kumar , Pratima Gupta , Suman Kumar , Shyam Kishor Kumar , Shashank Nand Tiwari , Ashok Aspatwar","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a neurotropic flavivirus, is a leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia, particularly affecting children and causing significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of vaccines and vector control strategies, their limited efficacy against emerging genotypes and incomplete coverage necessitate alternative antiviral approaches. RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality by exploiting post-transcriptional gene silencing to inhibit viral replication. Notably, conserved viral genes—such as capsid (C), envelope (E), NS3, and NS5—represent optimal RNAi targets across JEV genotypes due to their essential roles in the viral life cycle and minimal sequence variability. Recent advances in delivery platforms, including lipid nanoparticles, lentiviral vectors, and artificial microRNAs, have significantly improved RNAi stability, blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, and cell-specific targeting. Comparative insights from related flaviviruses such as Dengue and Zika have further informed effective RNAi design. Preclinical studies have demonstrated potent antiviral effects, with >90 % suppression of viral RNA, substantial reductions in brain viral load, and enhanced survival in murine models. However, clinical translation remains challenged by delivery efficiency, immune activation, off-target effects, and the potential for viral escape mutations. This review summarizes the current landscape of RNAi-based therapeutics for JEV, emphasizing conserved gene targets, delivery innovations, and translational hurdles, and outlines future directions for integrating RNAi into next-generation antiviral strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"613 ","pages":"Article 110713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A bacteriophage with dual host specificity for canine and porcine Bordetella bronchiseptica: Characterization and biofilm disruption potential 犬和猪支气管脓毒杆菌双宿主特异性噬菌体：表征和生物膜破坏潜力。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110714

Chenxi Li , Libin Tan , Yuting Ma , Zhuojun Li , Sixiang Xu , Xiangkuan Zheng , Huanxin Fang , Junshan Hong , Qian Zhu , Xiang Huo , Hongxiong Guo , Wei Zhang

{"title":"A bacteriophage with dual host specificity for canine and porcine Bordetella bronchiseptica: Characterization and biofilm disruption potential","authors":"Chenxi Li , Libin Tan , Yuting Ma , Zhuojun Li , Sixiang Xu , Xiangkuan Zheng , Huanxin Fang , Junshan Hong , Qian Zhu , Xiang Huo , Hongxiong Guo , Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bordetella bronchiseptica</em> is a pathogen responsible for canine infectious tracheobronchitis (kennel cough) and porcine atrophic rhinitis, and it can cause respiratory infections in a variety of mammalian hosts. In recent years, the extensive use of antibiotics has resulted in increasingly severe antibiotic resistance, consequently driving significant interest in bacteriophages as a potential alternative to antibiotics. In this study, bacteriophage PBb001 isolated from swine farm wastewater in Yantai, Shandong, exhibited lytic activity against <em>Bordetella bronchiseptica</em>, including strains derived from canine and swine hosts. Bacteriophage PBb001 exhibited a latent period of 30 min and a burst size of approximately 323 plaque-forming units (PFU) per cell. The phage exhibited robust stability across a temperature range of 4–60 °C and pH conditions of 3–11, with an optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1. Genomic analysis revealed that PBb001 possesses a linear double-stranded DNA genome of 44,808 bp, with no lysogeny genes, virulence factors, or antibiotic resistance genes detected. <em>In vitro</em> antibacterial assays showed that PBb001 significantly reduced optical density (OD<sub>600</sub>, reflecting bacterial growth inhibition) and viable bacterial counts in planktonic cultures. Additionally, PBb001 effectively suppressed biofilm formation and disrupted pre-existing biofilms, as evidenced by reduced OD<sub>595</sub> values and decreased viable bacterial counts in biofilm-associated assays. These results collectively suggest that PBb001 holds significant potential for controlling <em>B. bronchiseptica</em> infections and represents a potential candidate for further development as an antibiotic alternative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"613 ","pages":"Article 110714"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expanding the known nucleorhabdovirus world: the final chapter in a trilogy exploring the hidden diversity of plant-associated rhabdoviruses 扩展已知的核糖体病毒世界：探索植物相关横纹肌病毒隐藏多样性三部曲的最后一章。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110699

Nicolás Bejerman , Ralf Georg Dietzgen , Humberto Debat

{"title":"Expanding the known nucleorhabdovirus world: the final chapter in a trilogy exploring the hidden diversity of plant-associated rhabdoviruses","authors":"Nicolás Bejerman , Ralf Georg Dietzgen , Humberto Debat","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nucleorhabdoviruses, classified into four distinct genera within the family <em>Rhabdoviridae</em> (subfamily <em>Betarhabdovirinae</em>), are plant-infecting viruses, characterized by nucleus-associated, enveloped, bacilliform virions. Nucleorhabdoviruses possess an unsegmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome (ca. 12–15.2 kb) that encodes six to eight proteins. Here, by exploring large publicly available metatranscriptomics datasets, we report the identification and genomic characterization of 47 novel viruses with genetic and evolutionary hallmarks of nucleorhabdoviruses. These viruses are associated with 45 distinct host plant species and were previously hidden in public database. Our findings significantly broaden the known host range of nucleorhabdoviruses, including the first nucleorhabdovirus associated with ferns and the first gammanucleorhabdoviruses linked to dicot hosts. Genetic divergence and evolutionary analyses suggest that all these novel viruses likely represent members of novel species. Phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that ten novel viruses are related to alphanucleorhabdoviruses, 25 to betanucleorhabdoviruses, eight to deltanucleorhabdoviruses and four to gammanucleorhabdoviruses. This study constitutes the final chapter in a trilogy chronicling a data mining expedition into the cryptic diversity of plant-associated rhabdoviruses, a journey that began with varicosaviruses and continued with cytorhabdoviruses. These new findings yield the most comprehensive phylogeny of nucleorhabdoviruses to date, significantly expanding our genomic understanding and illuminating the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary dynamics of this virus group. Further, this work underscores the value of large-scale sequence data mining in advancing our understanding of the hidden world of plant rhabdoviruses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"613 ","pages":"Article 110699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sequencing of the cDNA variable region of a lumpy skin disease virus ORF123 monoclonal antibody and its cross-neutralizing activity analyses against Capripoxvirus members 块状皮肤病病毒ORF123单克隆抗体cDNA可变区测序及其对卡波病毒成员的交叉中和活性分析

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110700

Fangping Wang , Shasha Wang , Lina Tong , Huibao Wang , Haotai Chen , Xiangwei Wang , Xiangping Yin , Yuefeng Sun , Xiaolong Gao , Shanhui Ren

{"title":"Sequencing of the cDNA variable region of a lumpy skin disease virus ORF123 monoclonal antibody and its cross-neutralizing activity analyses against Capripoxvirus members","authors":"Fangping Wang , Shasha Wang , Lina Tong , Huibao Wang , Haotai Chen , Xiangwei Wang , Xiangping Yin , Yuefeng Sun , Xiaolong Gao , Shanhui Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monoclonal antibody sequencing is crucial for enhancing our understanding of the relationship between antibody neutralization and broad-spectrum binding. Our previous study systematically described a B-cell monoclonal antibody (mAb) derived from lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) ORF123, which exhibits cross-reactivity with goatpoxvirus (GTPV) and sheeppoxvirus (SPPV). Here, the LSDV ORF123 mAb was sequenced for the first time using the HybSeq HT™ next-generation sequencing technique. Sequencing analyses showed that the variable heavy (V<sub>H</sub>) and light (V<sub>L</sub>) chains of LSDV ORF123 mAb had significant sequence similarity. Subsequently, the top 1 V<sub>H</sub> and V<sub>L</sub> of this LSDV ORF123 mAb were synthesized and expressed. Western blotting analyses further identified that the complementary determinant regions (CDR)1, CDR2, and CDR3 are indispensable for antigen-antibody recognition. Crucially, the co-expression of V<sub>H</sub> + V<sub>L</sub> of this LSDV ORF123 mAb retained its cross-neutralizing activity against LSDV, GTPV, and SPPV. Variable region sequencing of monoclonal antibodies provides a reference for improving the specificity and affinity of potential therapeutic antibody design. The cross-binding and neutralizing activity of the co-expression of V<sub>H</sub> + V<sub>L</sub> of the LSDV ORF123 mAb strengthens our understanding of the antigenic similarity among different members of the genus Capripoxviruses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"613 ","pages":"Article 110700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification of immunodominant epitope on African swine fever virus K145R protein using monoclonal antibodies 非洲猪瘟病毒K145R蛋白免疫优势表位的单克隆抗体鉴定

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110719

Weldu Tesfagaber , Lezi Hou , Wan Wang , Yuanmao Zhu , Encheng Sun , Jingli Liu , Taijie Guo , Renqiang Liu , Zhigao Bu , Fang Li , Dongming Zhao

{"title":"Identification of immunodominant epitope on African swine fever virus K145R protein using monoclonal antibodies","authors":"Weldu Tesfagaber , Lezi Hou , Wan Wang , Yuanmao Zhu , Encheng Sun , Jingli Liu , Taijie Guo , Renqiang Liu , Zhigao Bu , Fang Li , Dongming Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal viral disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boars, resulting in significant economic consequences. The causative agent, which is a large, double-stranded DNA virus, encodes over 150 proteins, many of which have unknown functions. Limited knowledge of the antigenic properties of these proteins has hindered the development of vaccines against ASFV. Prior research has indicated that the K145R protein is immunogenic and expressed abundantly in ASFV-infected cells. In this study, we generated and characterized six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the <em>E. coli</em> expressed K145R protein. Analysis through ELISA, Western blot, and immunofluorescent assay (IFA) demonstrated that the mAbs specifically and strongly react to the K145R protein and ASFV-infected cells. To identify the key linear B cell epitopes of the mAbs, a series of truncated recombinant K145R proteins with maltose-binding protein (MBP) tags were constructed, expressed in <em>E. coli</em>, and analysed. All mAbs specifically recognized a linear epitope located at the C-terminal region of K145R, spanning the sequence <sup>133</sup>TWAKIVEEG<sup>141</sup>. Further investigation using alanine-scanning mutagenesis revealed that tryptophan (W<sup>134</sup>) and Alanine (A<sup>135</sup>) are critical amino acid residues for epitope-antibody interactions. The linear epitope exhibited specific reactions with ASFV-positive serum in an indirect ELISA and was able to distinguish between ASFV positive and negative pig serum. These mAbs and their defined epitopes will provide additional information to understand the structure and immunological characteristics of K145R and lay the foundation for the development of epitope-based diagnostic tools for ASFV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"613 ","pages":"Article 110719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of phage vB_EfS_C1 and investigation of antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against vancomycin-susceptible and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium 噬菌体vB_EfS_C1的鉴定及对万古霉素敏感和耐万古霉素肠球菌的抑菌和抗菌膜性能研究

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110685

Mohamed El-Telbany , Keigo Yamamura , Norihiro Saito , Yoshimitsu Masuda , Takahisa Miyamoto , Ken-ichi Honjoh

{"title":"Characterization of phage vB_EfS_C1 and investigation of antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against vancomycin-susceptible and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium","authors":"Mohamed El-Telbany , Keigo Yamamura , Norihiro Saito , Yoshimitsu Masuda , Takahisa Miyamoto , Ken-ichi Honjoh","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>E</em>. faecium is listed among the ESKAPE pathogens (<em>Enterococcus faecium</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa,</em> and <em>Enterobacter</em>), which are responsible for a significant proportion of global deaths. Vancomycin-resistant <em>E. faecium</em> (VREfm) is the leading species responsible for human infections, and the limited therapeutic options make VREfm a public health problem. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a novel phage against <em>E. faecium</em> and evaluate its activity against vancomycin-sensitive <em>E. faecium</em> (VSEfm) and VREfm. We isolated a phage, named vB_EfS_C1, from compost. The host range analysis showed that it produced plaques on 5 out of 18 enterococci strains and did not produce plaques on other species. Phage vB_EfS_C1 was infective at different temperatures (40–70 °C), and the titer was stable at different pH levels (6–9). The phage vB_EfS_C1 is 86,777 bp in length, grouping it with phages with large genomes infecting enterococci (>80 kbp). The killing curve revealed that phage vB_EfS_C1 had antibacterial activity with different MOIs (0.001–1) against the <em>E. faecium</em> host strain. The biofilm biomass of <em>E. faecium</em> FHC29 was reduced by 85 % after 6 and 24 h, and the biofilm biomass of <em>E. faecium</em> No. 982 (VREfm) by 50 % after 6 h and 25 % after 24 h with an MOI of 0.1. The viable counts of <em>E. faecium</em> FHC29 and VREfm in biofilms were decreased by 3 log and 1.83 log with an MOI of 1, respectively. In conclusion, phage vB_EfS_C1 is a lytic enterococcal phage displaying antibiofilm activity against VSEfm and VREfm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 110685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breast milk lacking anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity promotes exocytosis of HIV from the mother's mammary epithelium and transcytosis of virus via the infant's tonsil and intestinal epithelial cells 缺乏抗人类免疫缺陷病毒活性的母乳促进母亲乳腺上皮细胞的HIV胞吐和病毒通过婴儿的扁桃体和肠上皮细胞的胞吞

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110689

Nicole T. Padilla , Xiaodan Cai , Rossana Herrera , Kristina Rosbe , Sharof M. Tugizov

{"title":"Breast milk lacking anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity promotes exocytosis of HIV from the mother's mammary epithelium and transcytosis of virus via the infant's tonsil and intestinal epithelial cells","authors":"Nicole T. Padilla , Xiaodan Cai , Rossana Herrera , Kristina Rosbe , Sharof M. Tugizov","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although mammary epithelial cells (MECs) and breast milk facilitate mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), the mechanisms underlying these observations remain poorly understood. In this work, we explored the molecular mechanisms associated with HIV-1 transcytosis through MECs and the role of breast milk in promoting viral transmigration through infant tonsils and intestinal epithelia. Our findings revealed that transfer of cell-free HIV-1 from the maternal circulation into breast milk is mediated by its basolateral-to-apical transcytosis through polarized MECs that function as a blood-milk barrier. While breast milk samples from 76 % of the HIV-negative donors contained factors that inactivated the virus by disrupting viral envelope glycoprotein gp120, thereby preventing MTCT, the remaining breast milk samples that were incapable of inactivating HIV-1 nonetheless induced viral exocytosis from the apical surface of MECs. Interestingly, these otherwise inactive breast milk samples also promoted a substantial increase in viral internalization, transcytosis, and exocytosis from infant tonsils and gut epithelial cells, ultimately leading to infection of virus-susceptible subepithelial cells. We determined that elevated calcium concentrations in breast milk play an important role in promoting HIV-1 entry, transcytosis, and exocytosis from infant tonsil and gut epithelial cells via activation of protein kinase C and calcium sensor synaptotagmin 7. Collectively, these findings suggest that breast milk samples from different sources may either promote or prevent HIV MTCT by several different mechanisms. Further investigation of this phenomenon may ultimately improve our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of HIV MTCT and suggest new strategies for its prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 110689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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