Virology最新文献

{"title":"The spike 486 site is a key immune evasion point and a determinant of the immunogenicity of the RBD-dimer mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants","authors":"Simin Feng ,&nbsp;Mengting Huang ,&nbsp;Yun Quan ,&nbsp;Lei Sun ,&nbsp;Jinzhong Lin ,&nbsp;Danyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuepeng Wei ,&nbsp;Zhongfang Wang ,&nbsp;Xiancai Ma ,&nbsp;Shaobo Wang ,&nbsp;Qianyu Pan ,&nbsp;Weixin Jia ,&nbsp;Dandan Wei ,&nbsp;Guangxue Feng ,&nbsp;Menghan Xu ,&nbsp;Zengqin Deng ,&nbsp;Qiong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to millions of hospitalizations and deaths worldwide. The rapid emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants significantly challenged the efficacy of licensed vaccines because of the immune evasion caused by key mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Whether incorporating these critical evolutionary site(s) into COVID-19 vaccines can enhance the immunogenicity needs to be elucidated. In this study, we developed an mRNA vaccine encoding tandem RBDs from the Delta and BA.4/5 variants (RBD-Dimer) to improve cross-variant coverage. Robust humoral and T-cell responses were induced by the vaccine in mice, leading to effective neutralization against the prototype, Delta, and BA.4/5 variants. However, neutralizing activity against BQ.1 and XBB variants was compromised. Pseudovirus-based mutation screening identified F486S as a crucial site for immune evasion. Incorporating this mutation into RBD-Dimer mRNA vaccine candidates significantly enhanced neutralizing antibody response against the XBB variant, while maintaining T-cell responses, indicating an essential role of F486S in broadening immunogenicity against XBB variants. These findings identified the Spike 486 site as a critical immune evasion site and a key determinant for the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines against emerged variants, and underscored the importance of key sites in RBD in enhancing the breadth of immune protection of COVID-19 vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grapevine holobiome metatranscriptomics provides a glimpse into the wood mycovirome","authors":"Humberto Debat ,&nbsp;Marcos Paolinelli ,&nbsp;Georgina Escoriaza ,&nbsp;Sandra Garcia-Lampasona ,&nbsp;Sebastián Gomez-Talquenca ,&nbsp;Nicolás Bejerman","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the agronomic and economic importance of viticulture, grapevine has been shown to host the largest number of viruses among plants to date. Nevertheless, studies assessing the grapevine-associated holobiont remain scarce. In this context, the viral component of this ecological niche is understudied. In this work, through metatranscriptomics of wood samples from individual grapevines that were either healthy or exhibited symptoms of grapevine trunk disease from Argentina, we provide a glimpse into the wood linked virome. Virus discovery from high-throughput sequencing data resulted in the identification and reconstruction of 123 novel virus sequences. Genetic and phylogenetic insights suggest that these sequences correspond to 78 novel virus species. Structural and functional annotation of the viruses showed a great diversity of genomic organizations, with the presence of dsRNA, ssRNA(−) and ssRNA(+) viruses belonging to more than 15 virus families. Some highly divergent viruses resembling narnaviruses, ophioviruses, deltaflexiviruses and bunyaviruses could be accommodated within new genera or even new virus families. The differential detection and variable RNA levels across samples suggest complex dynamics and prevalence patterns of those novel viruses. The viral profile described here provides a first insight into the multifaceted South American grapevine wood holobiont mycovirome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 and seasonal influenza vaccines co-administration: data from a perspective observational active surveillance study. Puglia (Italy), season 2023/2024","authors":"Stefanizzi Pasquale ,&nbsp;Lorenza Moscara ,&nbsp;Claudia Palmieri ,&nbsp;Andrea Martinelli ,&nbsp;Silvia Fontanelli ,&nbsp;Cristina Bellomo ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Spinelli ,&nbsp;Tafuri Silvio","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Italian Ministry of Health recommended co-administration of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for the 2023/2024 influenza season. Healthcare workers and students were identified as target categories for the vaccination campaign and the importance to implement pharmacovigilance programs was highlighted. We aimed to investigate the safety profile of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (<em>XBB.1.5</em>), cell-based and egg-grown quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (<em>QIVc</em>, <em>QIVe</em>) and the influence of co-administration on Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFIs) via an active surveillance study.</div><div>In this prospective observational cohort study, participants who received <em>XBB.1.5, QIVc</em> or <em>QIVe</em>, between October 17th-December 31st, 2023, either alone or in co-administration, were enrolled. AEFIs occurred in the first 7-days post-vaccination period were collected to investigate the reactogenicity profile of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccines in co-administration or alone.</div><div>1014 HCWs completed the study follow-up. Of these, 34.12 % received co-administered influenza (<em>QIVc</em> or <em>QIVe</em>) and XBB.1.5 vaccine; 63.12 % either influenza vaccine alone (mostly QIVc) and only 2.8 % SARS-CoV-2 vaccine alone. The AEFIs reporting rate (RR) was 61.3/100 completed follow-ups (622/1014). The most-common AEFIs across all groups were injection site pain/itching and asthenia/malaise. Only 3 serious AEFIs occurred (RR0.30/100). Administration of XBB.1.5, either alone or co-administered with <em>QIVe</em> or <em>QIVc</em>, was associated with a higher risk of AEFIs (OR 4.82; 95 % CI 3.48–6.66; p &lt; 0.001). Male sex was found to decrease the risk of AEFIs (OddsRatio 0.49; 95 %CI 0.37–0.65; p &lt; 0.001).</div><div>This study confirmed the safety profile of both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccines, even when co-administered. However, healthcare authorities and policymakers should investigate HCWs concerns about SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and co-administration strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110613"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to: Domains of bovine adenovirus-3 protein 22K involved in interacting with viral protein 52K and cellular protein importins α-5/α-7 (Virology 522, article number PMID: 30053654)","authors":"Abdelrahman Said ,&nbsp;Wenxiu Wang ,&nbsp;Tekeleselassie Woldermariam ,&nbsp;Suresh K. Tikoo","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110577","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular insights into the purified core protein of hepatitis C virus and the roles of its basic and hydrophobic amino acid clusters","authors":"Kyo Izumida ,&nbsp;Sora Ohta ,&nbsp;Ryuta Iwatsuki ,&nbsp;Yumiko Hara ,&nbsp;Keisuke Tabata ,&nbsp;Takashi Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Takashi Sato ,&nbsp;Ryo Kitamura ,&nbsp;Eiji Morita","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been a global health concern for several decades and is known to cause severe liver diseases, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While the core protein, a major capsid component, plays essential roles in viral replication and pathogenesis, its detailed structural organization and domain-specific functions remain incompletely understood. Previously, we developed a method to purify the HCV core protein from bacterial cells under non-denaturing conditions and characterized its <em>in vitro</em> properties. In this study, we aimed to investigate the domain architecture and functional interactions of the HCV core protein. Small-angle X-ray scattering analysis of the purified core protein revealed that the HCV core consists of two domains. The smaller domain aligned with a model of two α-helices folded at an angle of 53.52° (0.93 rad), and the larger domain is associated with the basic N-terminal region. Further analysis of cellularly expressed and <em>in vitro</em>-purified core proteins containing mutations in the N-terminal basic or C-terminal hydrophobic amino acid clusters was performed using gel filtration and confocal microscopy. These analyses confirmed previous findings that the N-terminal region mediates viral genome binding, whereas the C-terminal region is involved in lipid membrane association. A pull-down assay also demonstrated a interaction between the N terminal HCV core protein and B23, a nucleolar protein known to be a core-binding partner. These findings provide new structural and functional insights into the HCV core protein, contributing to a deeper understanding of its role in viral replication and the molecular mechanisms underlying HCV pathogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110608"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PathoSift Pro: A novel size-based bioaerosol sampler for effectively detecting infectious airborne influenza virus","authors":"Xuan-Dung Nguyen ,&nbsp;Bac Le ,&nbsp;Qiongying Yang ,&nbsp;Binbin Wang ,&nbsp;Xiu-Feng Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the dynamics of airborne virus transmission requires precise tools for collecting and analyzing infectious aerosols. We present PathoSift Pro, a novel bioaerosol sampler engineered to efficiently collect and preserve viable airborne pathogens. Operating at a flow rate of 25 L/min, PathoSift Pro minimizes dehydration and re-aerosolization, overcoming the limitations of conventional samplers like the Andersen impactor. Using H1N1 influenza A virus as a model, our study demonstrated that PathoSift Pro effectively captured size distributions of virus-laden particles in simulated settings and maintained 74.76 % more viable viruses than the Andersen impactor. To further evaluate its field applicability, we tested PathoSift Pro through experiments using a pig model. Results showed that pigs exhibited aerosol size distributions similar to humans, with viable viruses detected in both aerosol (≤5 μm) and droplet (&gt;5 μm) particles, supporting pigs as a translational model for influenza transmission studies. In summary, PathoSift Pro provides an effective tool for advancing research on airborne pathogens and elucidating airborne transmission dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110609"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The emerging role of m5C modification in viral infection","authors":"Jincheng Li ,&nbsp;Leiliang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>5-Methylcytosine (m⁵C) modification is a dynamic and reversible post-transcriptional process that has garnered significant attention due to its regulatory role in viral infections and host innate immune responses. Advances in m⁵C detection technologies have spurred research into its influence on viral infection pathways. Recent studies indicate that m⁵C modification can affect viral infections by modulating innate immune signaling pathways. Furthermore, viruses have developed strategies to exploit m⁵C modification for evading host immunity. Despite these findings, the exact regulatory mechanisms of m⁵C during viral infections and its impact on host immunity remain incompletely understood. Investigating m⁵C modifications and the enzymes associated with these changes may provide deeper insights into the epigenetic underpinnings of viral infections. This review aims to review the dual roles of m⁵C in various viral infections, emphasizing its potential as a target for antiviral interventions, given its pivotal role across numerous viruses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110606"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drosophila-Zika virus interactions: Dissecting host immunity and pathology against flavivirus infection","authors":"Ioannis Eleftherianos,&nbsp;Sreeradha Mallick","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flavivirus outbreaks have been recently expanded in many parts of the world where infections are associated with severe disorders. The emergence of severe diseases caused by flaviviruses has raised significant public health concerns. While many important questions regarding the spectrum of these diseases remain unanswered, there is current urgency to elucidate the induced pathological defects that occur in the host and the molecular signaling pathways that lead to these abnormalities. Understanding the genetic basis of host-flavivirus interactions requires the use of model organisms that facilitate the identification and characterization of flavivirus pathogenesis and its effects on host fundamental biological processes, such as immunity, metabolism, and development. Here, we review the recent progress on exploiting the power of the common fruit fly <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> as a model host to address experimentally the complex mechanisms of pathogenesis in ZIKV-infected animals and to provide an integrative view, at the organismal level, of the complex interactions involved. Findings from the <em>Drosophila</em>-ZIKV infection model have contributed toward a better appreciation of the specific viral molecular components which are responsible for undermining host homeostasis. This knowledge is essential for deciphering host-ZIKV gene-for-gene relationship which will provide an unprecedented insight into flavivirus pathogenesis and host pathophysiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 host-pathogen interactome: insights into more players during pathogenesis","authors":"S.A. Mothae ,&nbsp;T.E. Chiliza ,&nbsp;N.E. Mvubu","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, emerged in December 2019 and was declared a global health emergency in January 2020. The pandemic has led to nearly 7 million deaths worldwide, prompting ongoing research into viral variants and potential future outbreaks. Like other viruses, SARS-CoV-2 relies on host proteins to complete its life cycle, hijacking cellular processes to enhance replication and evade immune responses. The virus primarily enters host cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, but additional co-receptors, including C-type lectins, neuropilin-1, basigin (CD147), and tyrosine-protein kinase receptors, may also facilitate entry. To evade immune detection, SARS-CoV-2 targets the type I interferon (IFN) pathway, disrupting antiviral responses. Viral replication is supported by interactions with host polymerase (Pol δ), lipid droplet regulators, and Ras-related proteins. Non-structural proteins (NSPs) further manipulate host ATP metabolism and stress response pathways in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. The membrane (M) protein plays a crucial role in viral trafficking, interacting with host proteins to direct assembly at the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) or plasma membrane, promoting syncytia formation. For viral release, SARS-CoV-2 exploits tight junction proteins, enhancing its spread within the lungs. This narrative review unpacks the SARS-CoV-2 host-pathogen interactome, highlighting critical structural and non-structural protein interactions as well as crucial host proteins that are expressed during the pathogenesis process. Through an integrative perspective of essential “players” during pathogenesis, this review aims to uncover therapeutic and vaccine targets, offering insights into antiviral strategies against SARS-CoV-2 and future coronaviruses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic characteristics and pathogenicity of three newly isolated NADC34-like PRRSV strains in China and evaluation of one strain for inactivated vaccine candidate","authors":"Hao Yang ,&nbsp;Wenbo Song ,&nbsp;Zechuan Li ,&nbsp;Zhanwei Zhu ,&nbsp;Wenqing Wu ,&nbsp;Changjiang Peng ,&nbsp;Rui Xie ,&nbsp;Lin Hua ,&nbsp;Huanchun Chen ,&nbsp;Bin Wu ,&nbsp;Zhong Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has caused substantial economic losses to the pig industry. Recently, the emergence of NADC34-like PRRS virus (PRRSV) has made the worldwide circulation of PRRSV more complex. In 2017, the first detection of NADC34-like PRRSV in China was reported, but the pathogenicity and biological characteristics of this novel PRRSV variant remain to be further elucidated. In this study, we conducted analyses of the whole genome sequence and pathogenicity of three NADC34-like PRRSV strains isolated in China. The three strains, designated HeB-05, SD-02, and JL-1152, were isolated using porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). However, only HeB-05 demonstrated robust replication in Marc-145 cells, achieving a high viral titer of up to 10^7.57 TCID₅₀/mL. The genomes of SD-02 and JL-1152 have undergone recombination, while no recombination events were detected in the genome of HeB-05. Artificial infection tests revealed that SD-02 and JL-1152 exhibited relatively high virulence to piglets, causing significant fever and mortality, whereas HeB-05 did not cause death in piglets. Following assessments of the immunogenic efficacy of an inactivated vaccine developed using HeB-05 in pig models showed the vaccine provided partial protection against challenge with the parental strain. This study introduces a novel candidate vaccine strain for NADC34-like PRRSV, which holds significant implications for the prevention and control of PRRS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}